Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua si: Ukraine. Tag nrho cov reserves ntawm Ukraine

Xwm Ukraine tsis tshua muaj neeg siab dawb siab thiab extraordinarily ntau haiv neeg. Zoo temperate kev nyab xeeb thiab fertile av, raws li tau zoo raws li heev heev dej ntws thiab reservoirs tau pab ho mus rau loj hlob ib tug ntau haiv neeg steppe, tiaj nyom thiab hav zoov nroj tsuag. Tu siab, tib neeg kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tej yam ntuj tso av feem ntau ua rau cov extinction ntawm tsawg hom muaj thiab fauna. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tswj thiab thaum twg tau mus muab cov tsis tshua muaj thiab cov hom endangered ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj, raws li zoo raws li mus khaws cia cim ua hauj lwm thiab los txhim kho lub zuag qhia tag nrho ib puag ncig qhov teeb meem no, lub teb chaws reserves tau tsim nyob rau hauv Ukraine.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov reserves

Lub zeem cia nyiaj ntawm lub teb chaws - yog ib feem ntawm tej cheeb tsam, qhov tsawg cuam tshuam los ntawm tus txiv neej. Nws yog siv rau tas mus li thiab kev xyuas txog tus txheej xwm thiab kev kawm ntawm tej yam ntuj tso dab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub biosphere, uas tseem nyob twj ywm unchanged los yog hloov me ntsis. Reserves ntawm Ukraine yog nws tus kheej-regulating tej yam ntuj tso systems, cais los ntawm lwm ecosystems, thiab ntau hom tsis zoo tib neeg feem.

Lub xeev yuav siv sij hawm kev kho mob ntawm cov dej rau tej thaj chaw thiab pawg neeg thaj av sab nraum lub qhov chaw tiv thaiv, thiab tshem tawm lawv los ntawm lub economic siv, raws li lawv yog cov siab tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv thiab ib hom ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam pab rau kev tshawb fawb.

Reserves nyob rau hauv Ukraine

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm heev heev lub teb chaws chaw ua si thiab cov xwm reserves yog pom ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm teb thiab tsis tshua muaj hom noog, tej kab, nroj tsuag, raws li zoo raws li tsis tshua muaj, mas los ntawm lwm yam continents, tsiaj txhu. Reserves ntawm Ukraine yog ib tug lossis loj universal tus nqi ntawm lub taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov noob pas dej ua ke, tuaj ntawm no los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm muaj thiab fauna, raws li zoo raws li cov cim ua hauj lwm, tshwj xeeb rau cov cheeb tsam no.

Nyob rau hauv Ukraine muaj plaub biosphere reserves - ib tug Carpathian, Danube, Dub hiav txwv thiab Askania Nova thiab 9 lub xeev uas yog nyob rau hauv sib txawv tej yam ntuj tso aav: Polesie thiab Rivne nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm mixed forests, Kanev, haus thiab Medobory - nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam ntawm lub Dnieper-Orelsky , Eletskaya steppe, Luhansk, Ukrainian steppe, nyob rau hauv lub Carpathian roob - Carpathian thiab Gorgan thiab 6 reserves nyob rau ib ncig ntawm lub Crimean ceg av qab teb - Kazantip, Opuksky, Karadag, lub Yalta roob hav zoov, Crimean thiab Cape Marian.

biosphere reserves

Reserves raug pom zoo los ntawm lub International Tswj Council raws li qhov kev pab cuam "Tus txiv neej thiab Biosphere". Ib tug ntawm lawv lub ntsiab hom phiaj - kev tiv thaiv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso chaw nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav khaws cia lom ntau haiv neeg thiab lub ntuj lub xeev ntawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom thiab ceg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib ncig ntawm lub zeem cia yog tsim los pab mus nqa tawm kev tshawb fawb raws li zoo raws li ib puag ncig kev ntsuam xyuas yog nqa tawm ntawm ib puag ncig. By 1994, thoob ntiaj teb muaj ntau tshaj li 300 biosphere reserves, plaub uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv Ukraine.

Biosphere reserves ntawm Ukraine muaj xws li qhov chaw ntawm av thiab dej qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho tej yam ntuj tso complexes thiab cais tej khoom, uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb kev, ib puag ncig, aesthetic thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb.

Tus qauv ntawm lub reserves

Kws txawj los ntawm lub tebchaws United Nations tau tsim lub tswvyim ntawm zoning rau lub Biosphere Guard. Cov reserves yuav tsum muaj peb aav: lub nucleus, los yog cov tub ntxhais chaw, tsis thiab txoj kev hloov aav. Core - yog lub teb chaws muaj qhov disturbed ecosystem. Nws hosts kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm ua ub no. Lub keeb tej zaum yuav ib yam, tab sis lawv muaj peev xwm yuav ob peb. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv yog ib tug tsis zoo ua noj, uas yuav siv tau rau ntau hom kev tshawb fawb, thiab ecotourism. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov cheeb tsam tej zaum yuav settlements, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog pub ib tug me me liaj ua teb ua si.

Biosphere cia Askania Nova

Qhov no cia yog ib tug tiag tiag cim ces kaum ntawm untouched xwm thiab qhov kawg stretch ntawm lub steppe nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, uas yeej tsis qhib. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub steppe, plowed ib zaug, yuav tsis siab zoo. Lub Askania steppe muaj ntau tshaj 400 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov cereals.

Askania Nova - qhov no yog tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo National Park, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ukraine, ib cheeb tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 11 txhiab hectares. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1921 nyob rau hauv Kherson cheeb tsam. Nyob rau cia av yog ib lub hav zoov tiaj ua si nrog cov khoom cua pas dej thiab canals, lub tsev mus rau tshaj 1,000 hom ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tshaj 60 hom ntawm cov noog.

Lub uniqueness ntawm lub Askania Nova yog tias nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau lub zos hom tsiaj qus fauna yog zoo kawg nkaus accustomed heev tsawg hom, coj los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, Asia, Australia, teb chaws Africa thiab America. Cheeb Tsam uas nws kim heev cwjmem zoo yog 30 sq. km. Nyob rau hauv lub semi-free tej yam kev mob yog grazing Shetland Ponies, kaffir twm, nees txaij, No., Przewalski tus nees thiab txawm saiga - ancient ungulates, uas nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm mammoths.

Danube Biosphere cia

Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1981 nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Odessa cheeb tsam. Chiv, nws cheeb tsam yog 14,8 thous. Ha. Tab sis lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub zeem cia tau expanding tag nrho cov sij hawm thiab tam sim no nws tau mus txog 50 252.9 hectares. Reserve tiv thaiv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov teb chaws Europe-wide cim ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Danube floodplains.

Reserves nyob rau hauv Ukraine yog tsis tshua muaj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau hom muaj thiab fauna. Tsuas yog ib tug Danube Biosphere cia muaj 563 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tej lom ntau haiv vim lub xub ntiag ntawm tshwj xeeb fertile sludge tshwm sim los dej. Ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab feem ntau tuaj nyob cheeb tsam uas muaj dej nroj tsuag, tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv Ukraine - ib tug noob txiv floating thiab floating Salvinia.

Zoo nkauj ib puag ncig thiab txaus zaub mov cov kev pab smoother nyiam ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov noog. Ntawm no muaj ntau tshaj 200 hom, cov uas tseem muaj ib co tsis tshua muaj heev: spoonbill, liab noog muab tus ntses, curly noog muab tus ntses, Ogar, dawb-tailed dav dawb hau thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov dej cia - ib tug wintering qhov chaw rau ntau tshaj 120 hom noog.

Carpathian Biosphere cia

Nws creation pib nyob rau hauv 1968 nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Transcarpathian cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam - 57.880 ha, ntawm uas 31.995 ha - ib tug tsis zoo ua noj. Qhov no cia muaj rau arrays thiab ob botanical cia, muaj tus txheej xwm ntawm lub xeev: Yulevskaya Roob thiab dub Roob. Tag nrho lub zeem cia cheeb tsam yog nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 2061 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem nyob rau hauv lub sector ntawm lub Ukrainian Carpathians. Ntawm no yog cov pristine mountainous mixed beech thiab fir forests thiab foothill ntoo qhib forests, alpine thiab sub-alpine meadows nrog tus mob rocky-Lichen ua hauj lwm.

Reserves ntawm Ukraine yog nto moo rau nws forests, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub Carpathian. Hais txog 90% ntawm nws cov chaw uas zoo heev yog them los ntawm primeval hav zoov. Lub zeem cia muaj 66 hom tsiaj, ntau tshaj 10,000 hom sib txawv ntawm invertebrates, 193 hom noog thiab ntau tshaj 1,000 hom vascular cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ntau tshaj 60 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab 72 hom ntawm cov tsiaj uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv.

Dub hiav txwv Biosphere cia

Nws yog suav tias yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws, hiob thiab feem ntau tseem ceeb cov reserves ntawm Ukraine, uas nws lub teb chaws ncua thoob plaws ob cheeb tsam - Kherson thiab Mykolaiv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus siab ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Biosphere cia yog cov ntau yam ntawm ua hauj lwm hais ntawm no. Qhov no steppe cheeb tsam ntawm kev saltmarsh thiab xuab zeb tuav, thiab cov bay cheeb tsam, thiab tshiab thiab ntsev pas dej, raws li zoo raws li Alder, Aspen thiab birch nyuaj.

Cheeb Tsam haumxeeb cia cheeb tsam ntawm 70 509 hectares thiab tsis - 18 620 hectares. Ntawm no, txog 84% - thiab cov dej Yarlitskogo Tendrivskogo bays ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv.

Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm khiav thiab wintering noog attracts ntau ornithologists nyob rau hauv no Biosphere cia. Ukraine zoo tu txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tiag nws complex, uas tsim los ntawm qhov nws tus kheej.

Thaum lub caij, peb paub tias nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub zeem cia muaj ntau tshaj 3,500 hom fauna, xws li 124 hom uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv Ukraine thiab 29 - nyob rau hauv cov European Liab List. Ukraine kuj preserves ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm kab, thiab Dub hiav txwv Reserve - yog tsis muaj exception. Nyob rau nws ntawm qhov chaw nws nyob ntau tshaj 2,000 hom kab, 168 uas yog arachnids.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub reserves nyob rau hauv lub neej uas niaj hnub tus txiv neej

Txhua tus kheej-saib neeg nyob rau ntawm nws lub keeb kwm uas zoo heev, ib txwm mob siab ua tsis tau tsuas yog muaj, tab sis kuj ua tau rau kom cov natural resources thiab kom muaj tus mob ntawm cov hav zoov nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws rau yav tom ntej tiam.

Xwm reserves ntawm Ukraine tau tsim rau niaj hnub tus txiv neej tsis nco qab thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov achievements ntawm science thiab technology thiab qhov chaw mus ncig teb chaws uas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj cov tseem fab ntawm pristine xwm, uas peb pog koob yawg koob muaj legends.