Liab Mushroom: lub npe, yees duab thiab cov hauj lwm. Boletus krasnogolovik

Muaj zoo hav zoov dwellers los ntawm qhov thiab nqa cov kiv cua ntawm "nyob ntsiag to mus yos hav zoov" ib tug ntau ntawm kev xyiv fab. Qhov no nceb. Thiab ib txhia ntawm cov nqi yog Aspen.

Feem ntau cov tseeb scientific lub npe ntawm tus mushroom - osinovik liab. Tab sis nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg hauv zos lub npe, nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog krasnogolovik los yog liab mushroom. Lub npe yog kev cob cog rua nrog nws cov ntsiab feature - ib yam ntawm cov xim kaus mom. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj coob tus neeg tsis paub Aspen nceb, tab sis yog, thiab muaj tej yam cwj pwm ntawm no pwm, tsis uas nws sib tov nrog ntau yam neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub nceeg vaj.

yuav muaj nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, uas yog hu ua ib tug mushroom nrog ib tug liab lub kaus mom, yog dab tsi sijhawm thiab cov yam ntxwv nws muaj, qhov twg thiab nyob li cas lub sij hawm nws hlob.

Ib co nthuav cov lus tseeb hais txog nceb

Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog fungi yog raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev paub ntawm tus txiv neej no tsuas yog ib feem kaum ntawm cov amazing thaj chaw ntawm lub hav zoov dwellers:

• Nyob rau nruab nrab txhua mushroom muaj kwv yees li 90% dej.
• Muaj ntau ntau yam uas ya. Qhov no me me lom hom, uas muaj xws li, piv txwv li, pwm tshwm nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev yooj yim, txawm nyob rau khoom.
• Lub mycelium yog loj hlob ntawm ib tus nqi ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 10 centimeters nyob rau hauv cia li 1 xyoo.
• Tsuas yog ib daim qauv ntawm daj ntseg toadstool muaj ib tug npaum li ntawm venom uas yuav lom tau plaub tug neeg.
• Muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas cov qub Chernobyl nuclear nceb loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub theem ntawm hluav taws xob.

Thiab tam sim no ib tug los ze zog saib ntawm ib qho ntawm cov feem ntau nthuav ntawm siav yam khoom. Boletus, yees duab thiab cov hauj lwm uas koj yuav saib tau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tsis nyob rau hauv vain yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem qab nceb.

Lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob

Tus thawj nceb Aspen tshwm sim raws li thaum ntxov raws li Lub rau hli ntuj. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw yog feeb hu ua "kolosovikami" (txij li thaum lub pob ntseg pib rye, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no). Nco ntsoov, lawv yuav rightly tsum tau ntaus nqi thawj ceps thiab boletus.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no pwm yog pom muaj lub npe Boletus krasnogolovik.

Nws hlob zoo nyob rau hauv mas mixed forests thiab mycelium (mycorrhiza) yog tseem txuam feem ntau nrog ib tug nkawj, li ntawd, nws yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lawv los yog nyob ze.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj peev xwm feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub underbrush nyob rau hauv deciduous hav zoov (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog birch) thiab overgrown nrog Aspen. Nyob rau hauv lub qhuav rau lub caij ntuj sov boletus yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau mature Aspen. Nws yog pom nyob (nrog rau cov liab mushroom), txawm nyob rau hauv lub coniferous hav zoov (eg, ntoo thuv). Koj yuav nrhiav tau nws nyob rau hauv hav zoov sawv thiab teb tso tseg, overgrown ntoo thiab lov tas vau. Ntxiv mus, qhov no pwm hlob feem ntau pawg.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm pwm kis thoob plaws sab qaum teb hemisphere (tsis kub tsis txias cheeb tsam). Muaj ntau Aspen nceb hlob nyob rau hauv North America, Teb chaws Europe Central, thiab lawv yog tsis tshua muaj heev nyob rau hauv lub roob ntawm yav qab teb chaws Europe.

Boletus: yees duab thiab piav qhia

Saj pwm Boletus ywj siab ntawm cov xim. Nws yog heev qab ntxiag nyob rau hauv tej daim ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv txoj cai yog lub 2nd qhov chaw tom qab lub nto moo tshaj plaws dawb pwm rau lawv saj nws.

Boletus belongs rau lub genus leccinum, ib feem ntawm cov tsev neeg boletovyh. Lawv tag nrho cov muaj tus ceg li tab sis yog them nrog dos dusky xim, thiab yog heev zoo cim. Ib yam li ntawd, ob txhais ceg muaj ib tug paub thiab birch nceb.

Xim kaus mom - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb, tab sis yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias lub xwb av nyob uas tus pwm yog txawv los ntawm lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, krasnogolovik heev nce mus nce los nyob rau hauv nws cov coloration. Nws yeej tsis muaj lub xim liab (liab mushroom). Feem ntau cov feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub forests ntawm Aspen nrog rau xim av lub kaus mom, thiab lawv zoo li dawb nceb. Muaj nyob rau hauv qhov thiab yuav luag dawb, thiab txiv kab ntxwv Aspen. Tus thawj yog heev tsawg thiab yog li ntawd muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov Lavxias teb sab Liab Phau Ntawv.

liab mushroom

Feem ntau, cov neeg nws hu ua Obabkov, osinovikom los yog Chelishev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov hom ntawm Aspen nceb yog siav, thiab zoo heev thiab cua. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, kib, marinating thiab nyob rau hauv kua zaub.

Cap boletus liab loj yuav ncav cuag 30 centimeters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nws yog kheej kheej nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais nceb thiab hauv ncoo - lub ntau mature. Cov xim ntawm lub yav tas mas nws txawv ntawm cib-liab los tsaus liab.

Lawv tubular txheej kuj hloov nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog, los ntawm cov tub ntxhais dawb rau grey-xim av nyob rau hauv paub tab nceb. High ceg tag nrho thickens down. Mushroom cev nqaij daim tawv mus txiav haum sai sai yuav xiav thiab dawb lias rau hauv liab doog.

nta boletus

Mushroom tam sim ntawd tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv cov kev txiav los yog cov smashing, thawj tig xiav thiab ces yuav luag dub. Muaj ntau novice mushroom pickers, cov cuab yeej no yog alarming thiab nyob rau hauv vain. On qhov tsis tooj, nws yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab tsos mob, paub qhia meej tias qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - siav nceb nrog ib tug liab lub kaus mom. Thiab qhov no hloov xim yog vim tus txheej txheem ntawm oxidation nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm tej yam tshuaj, nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv Aspen.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm muaj tseem fungi uas muaj tib lub yam ntxwv zog boletus. Yog li ntawd, los txiav txim rau cov pwm yuav tsum tau ob peb txawv nta.

Ntawm no yog ib co yam ntxwv ntawm boletus:

• liab, reddish los yog xim av xim kaus mom;
• tubular hauv qab txheej ntawm lub hau no feem ntau yog lub teeb grey nyob rau hauv cov xim;
• Ceg nrog mas tsaus ntuj nti "nplai";
• xiavlus, blackish thiab ces hlais.

Hluas thiab cov laus nceb

Cov tub hluas ntxhais liab mushroom yog heev ntug nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, tab sis nws feature yog hais tias nws yog muaj peev xwm mus hloov cov xim ntawm nws cov nroj tsuag, nyob ntawm seb prevailing nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, lub hnub nyoog thiab hom ntawm cov pwm. Ntau mature Aspen yog grey-xim av kaus mom, uas yuav tsis kaj thiab zoo li ib lub kaus mom podberozovikov.

Kos rau hauv cov duab thiab cov tub ntxhais nceb. Cap lawv zoo huv si, me me thiab cov loj loj fleshy soj caum zoo li ib tug lub npog taub tes thaum xaws khaub ncaws rau nws cov ntiv tes.

Ob tus neeg no thiab cov tub ntxhais nceb, heev tuab.

Yog hais tias mam li nco dheev tus sau pom ib tug mushroom mos mus rau lub kov, nws yog zoo dua tsis tau noj lub pob tawb. Qhov no yog overripe thiab unfit rau noj lom.

Lub ntsiab lub sij hawm mus paub tab Aspen nceb - lub hli ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, Cuaj hlis thiab Lub kaum hli ntuj yog tsawg dua.

Nws zoo zoo nceb noj nrog rau zoo nkauj liab-brownish txiv kab ntxwv los yog kaus mom nyob rau hauv ib tug sau brim ntau yam siav nceb pob tawb. Lawv txaus siab tsis tau tsuas yog rau noj, tab sis kuj mus sib sau.