Popper tus qauv tshau. Disclaimer thiab provability

Cov puas tawm xyoo dhau yog lub sij hawm thaum muaj ib tug kaj txoj kev loj hlob philosophy ntawm positivism. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1900s, twb tsim los ntawm lub thiaj-hu ua Vienna vajvoog zaum uas pom tau hais tias cov sciences zoo tagnrho, lawv yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm lub humanities, txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv twb tau lawv tus kheej humanists. Ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm lub Vienna vajvoog yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb yog Karl Popper. Nws discoveries twb tseem ceeb heev. Popper lub kauj siv tsis tsuas mus rau science tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev hais plaub ntug xyaum.

Xibfwb thiab npau taws?

Herr Popper yog ib tug xib fwb tawv heev ua cim. Nws yuav ntiab tawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv nrog ib tug qhuab qhia rau lub slightest kev tsis sib haum los yog ib tug ruam lo lus nug. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg uas xav mloog nws yog ib txwm zoo heev npaum li cas. Rau cov philosophy ntawm Popper kev txhawj xeeb prohibitively tseem ceeb heev, nws hais tias cov menyuam kawm ntawv xav tias nws tus kheej, tab sis lub suab nyob rau ntawm nws lectures yog ib tug pheej hmoo ua lag ua luam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias muaj me nyuam kawm ntawv nug seb puas yog nws ua tau rau Lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm falsifiability mus rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm falsifiability. Nws yog txaus rau hais tias nws yog ib tug yooj yim tautological qhia rau tus kws qhia ntawv ob lub qhov muag twb bloodshot. Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab cai ntawm Popper?

Science muaj zog

Yog xav nyeem daim ntawv, ib tug hypothesis los yog kev tshawb xav ntawm science, nws yog tsim nyog hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv tus tau mus refute. Popper lub kauj hais tias muaj yog ib tug rebuttable inseparable feature ntawm scientific kev txawj ntse. Yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi yuav tsis tau disproved, ces nws thiab koj yuav tsis pom. Muaj kuj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tias cov lus yog sufficiently ntshiab, los yog kab lus, lub hypothesis los yog kev tshawb xav poob refutable. Yog hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau refute qhov suav hais tias kev txawj ntse, ces pab txhawb nws cia li ua pseudoscience.

Falsity yog tsis muaj pov thawj

Popper lub kauj hais tias kev txawj ntse, tsis muaj ib tug rebuttable tsis tas cuav. Muaj ntau metaphysical hauv paus ntsiab lus, piv txwv li, yog tsis muaj tseeb, lawv tsuas unscientific - uas yog, lawv validity tsis tau muaj pov thawj. Peb cia li tsis paub, thiab muaj peev xwm tsis paub nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov. Paub txog dab tsi txog kev paub Popper txiav ua pseudoscience?

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tej yam txawv nyob rau hauv no hwm, qhov thiaj li hu ua esoteric paub. Lawv feem ntau heev lug formulated, txhua tus neeg muaj peev xwm sim nrhiav ib tug paub meej tias, yog hais tias qhov kev kawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov esoteric paus ntsiab lus yuav tsis raug soj ntsuam, yog li kev txawj ntse ntawm no zoo yuav tsum tau kev raws li ib yam khoom ntawm tib neeg tub nkeeg tsim rau leisure. Tab sis tsis txhob kho lawv heev tiag.

Arkansas ua lag ua luam

Raws li hais, cov kauj siv Popper thiab jurisprudence. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev qhia ntawm creationism nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv twb tau qhov tseeb hais tias qhov no tej lus qhuab qhia tsis tau yuav tau raws li ib feem ntawm lub natural sciences, thiab yuav tsum muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev ntseeg, vim txoj kev paub ntawm no zoo muaj peev xwm tsis muaj pov thawj thiab conclusively. Tom qab no qhov teeb meem, nyob rau hauv 1982, txoj ntsiab cai no yog yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yog tias yuav txiav txim seb puas scientific los yog unscientific, txawm hais tias tus kev taug plaub ntug no yam - ib tug rarity txawm tias cov neeg Asmeskas uas hlub mus foob tau.

Yog li ntawd, Karl Popper nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm niaj hnub scientific to taub. Uas nws muaj peev xwm articulate dab tsi peb lub sij hawm rau ib tug neeg mas, pom tseeb. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog li cuab kev yog hais tias peb nco qab lub koob meej ntawm esotericism ...