Yuav ua li cas yog lub scientific theory

Yuav ib lub scientific theory yog ib tug ntau dua daim ntawv ntawm cov tsim ntawm scientific kev txawj ntse. Qhov no ntau tshaj daim ntawv uas muab rau ib tug holistic saib rau ntawm lub substantive linkages thiab cov qauv ntawm ib tug cheeb tsam tshawb fawb ib tug kev muaj tiag.

Yuav ib lub scientific theory yog nthuav nrog rau kev pom zoo system, txawj ke. Tsev paub nyob rau hauv nws yog nqa tawm nrog rau kev siv cov pov thawj raws li mechanism. Yuav ib lub scientific theory embodies ib lub kev tshawb fawb kev pab cuam, uas saib kuas txoj kev ntseeg, cuag nws raws li ib tug tib system uas muaj kev txawj ntse. Ib tug methodological taw tes ntawm view, muab hais tias cov system yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kom maximize txaus thiab siab piav qhia txog, zaub txoj hauj lwm, thaum tswj lub sam xeeb thiab nrog cov taub hau.

Yuav ib lub scientific theory comprises ib tug xov tooj ntawm Cheebtsam. Cov no muaj xws, nyob rau hauv particular, muaj xws li cov empirical hauv paus (muab los ntawm cov lus tseeb ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej), lub theoretical lub hauv paus (kev cai thiab postulates ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm idealized khoom). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug system ntawm logic (lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov kev cai uas muaj pov thawj thiab inference), thiab ib co ntawm cov kev tshwm sim thiab cov nqe lus.

Kev theories muaj cov xwm sib txawv ntawm kev pab raws qib. Thiab sib txawv txoj kev tsim kho thiab hom siv dab. Nrog rau cov ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab hom idealization idealized khoom thiab phim ntau hom ntawm scientific theories. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, muaj ib tug tej yam kev faib system, raws li uas scientific theories raug muab faib ua deductive, piav txog thiab mathematized.

Rau piav txog (empirical) systems muaj xws li, piv txwv li, cov kev qhia ntawm evolution, ncua Darwin, Pavlov lub physiological system. Nyob rau hauv tib qeb muaj cov lus tshawb xav nyob rau hauv cov tsoos kev txiav txim zoo, feem ntau ntawm cov niaj hnub theories ntawm psychology thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv raws li heev heev cov ntaub ntawv, hais tias kev txawj ntse systems piav txog pab pawg neeg phenomena thiab cov khoom. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau deduce cov kev cai lij choj uas ua lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, uas yuav piav txog system formulated ib tug yooj yim tej yam ntuj tso lus siv ib tug tshwj xeeb terminology ntawm lub duas paub qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse.

Mathematized theories txawv kev koom tes ntawm zauv cuab yeej thiab qauv. Tus qauv yog ib qho zoo tagnrho tsim twj paj nruas uas hloov thiab pib ib co kev tiag tiag kwv. Rau no hom ntawm kev tshawb xav yog cov zauv lug, noob caj noob ces, theoretical physics.

Qhov thib peb hom yog deductive systems. Cov tseem ceeb ntawm constructing lawv nyob vim twb muaj lawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv lej. Tus thawj deductive kev tshawb xav muaj xws li "pib" ntawm Euclid. Lawv ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub axiomatic hauv paus ntsiab lus. Cov kev theories twv nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv. Thawj formulated nyob rau hauv tus thawj, tus thawj hauv paus. Ces lus sib liam no yuav tsum tau los ntawm no puag. Siv nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav deductive ntawm cov zajlus kom cov cuab yeej yog nruj me ntsis tsau, raws li pov thawj ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov seev. Cov systems siv tshwj xeeb muaj kev cov lus.

Qhov scientific lub sij hawm yog tsim nyob rau hauv raws li uas muaj tej yam uas yuav tsum tau. Yuav tsum muaj nyob huv piav kwv, tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm lub Scope ntawm cov soj ntsuam kev muaj tiag. Ib qho tseem ceeb mob yog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntau yam, txuam kev cov ntaub ntawv.

Thov lub txoj kev ntawm kev tsom xam, kev soj ntsuam tsis tau tsuas yog tsim yam khoom piav nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm, tab sis kuj yuav piav lawv muaj nuj nqi, qauv, muaj pes tsawg leeg, genesis.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam ua neeg ncajncees sai (falsification, pov thawj, thiab lwm yam) muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau rau tej system. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev thuam ntawm theoretical lub hauv paus.