Poov tshuaj acetate

Ntsev thiab esters ntawm acetic acid hu ua acetates. Lawv mas siv raws li ib tug mordant, uas cov dyes yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub fiber. Nyob rau hauv kev, poov tshuaj acetate (systematic lub npe nyob rau hauv lus Askiv - poov tshuaj acetate, yaj - poov tshuaj ntsev) yog ib tug poov tshuaj ntsev ntawm acetic acid, muaj cov tshuaj mis CH3COOK. Hniav puas loj yog sib npaug zos rau 98,15 g / mol.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob lub poov tshuaj acetate yog ib tug dawb crystalline hmoov uas yog hygroscopic, li ntawd, cov huab cua kis. Nws ceev yog 1,57 g / cm³. Cov ntsev yog nkag soluble nyob rau hauv dej: 100 ml yaj me ntsis ntau tshaj li 200 g ntawm ntsev nyob rau hauv 20 ° C thiab 492 g ntawm - ntawm 62 ° C. Poov tshuaj acetate yog nkag soluble nyob rau hauv dej cawv (methanol thiab ethanol) thiab nyob rau hauv ammonia, yog insoluble nyob rau hauv ether thiab acetone. Qhov kub ntawm decomposition ntawm poov tshuaj acetate ntxiv 292 ° C.

Npaj acetate poov tshuaj reacting xws yooj yim tebchaw xws li poov tshuaj hydroxide (Koh) los yog poov tshuaj carbonate (K2CO3) nrog acetic acid ua neutralization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Koh + CH3COOH → CO2 + CH3COOK + H2O los yog ob pauv: K2CO3 + CH3COOH → CO2 + CH3COOK + H2O . Rau co sawv nyob rau hauv lub electrochemical series tshuav ntawm hydrogen, e.g., poov tshuaj los yog magnesium, yus muaj los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog acids uas tsis yog-oxidizing. Tej acids muaj xws li acetic acid. Thaum nws ua num ua ke, e.g., magnesium, magnesium acetate yog tau: Mg + 2CH3COOH → Mg (CH3COO) 2 + H2. Tab sis qhov no txoj kev muaj tsis muaj tswv yim siv rau qhov kev npaj ntawm magnesium los yog poov tshuaj ntsev ntawm acetic acid. Nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb lub xeev, cov hlau tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thiab poov tshuaj vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov reactivity reacts nkag nrog dej thiab oxidized los ntawm atmospheric oxygen. Tsis tau nws yog ib tug heev kim hlau thiab yog siv txawm tsawg heev tshaj sodium.

poov tshuaj acetate raws li GOST 5820-78 yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm organic silicon polymers (silicones - kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm polymer khoom tseem ceeb thiab pheej). Poov tshuaj acetate kuj yog siv raws li ib lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm polyurethanes. Ib qho tseem ceeb cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm poov tshuaj acetate - nws siv raws li ib tug deicer. Qhov no reagent muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo (nws yog tsawg txhoj puab heev nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm cov av) thiab yog li ntawd ntau xyoo magnesium chloride los yog poov hlau nyob rau hauv lub ua ntawm runways ntawm tshav dav hlau, thiab nws corrosive los rau lub co yog tsawg tshaj li tus chlorides. Poov tshuaj acetate ua mob ab tsi rau feem ntau cov chaw, xws li pob zeb, hlau, ntoo, txhob txhaws, nyom thiab nroj tsuag. Tab sis txij li thaum nws nqi yog siab tshaj uas ntawm chlorides, lub tom kawg feem ntau nyiam, txawm cov ib puag ncig kev ua txhaum thiab muaj zog coj ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, poov tshuaj acetate, yog ib qho zoo hluav taws-taws thiab yog siv los tua cov hluav taws kub. Nws yog siv rau extinguishing roj.

Poov tshuaj acetate yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv industrial cov chaw, tiam sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam (zoo preservative E261, manufactured raws li GOST 5820-78). Kev sib piv, lwm ntsev ntawm lub carboxylic acid - Calcium acetate - tsis muaj daim ntaub ntawv. Nws yog tau xwb nyob rau hauv laboratory tej yam kev mob los ntawm tej yam ntawm acetic acid nyob rau hauv poov hlau carbonate. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txuas ntxiv kom txog thaum tiav tshem tawm ntawm carbon dioxide: CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH → CO2 ↑ + (CH3COO) 2Ca + H2O. Siv (CH3COO) 2Ca tsuas yog raws li ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive E263 vim hais tias (raws li CH3COOK) yog ib qho zoo preservative.

Thaum hloov txoj kev kho rau cov kev kho mob ntawm ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis siv poov tshuaj acetate. Cov yuav tiv thaiv tau ketoatsidoticheskaya ntshav qab zib coma, uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm metabolic acidosis (pH txo) tshwm sim los ntawm metabolic mob vim pancreatic lawm tsis muaj peev xwm (insulin). High ntau ntawm cov ntshav piam thaj thiab ketone lub cev uas yog ho ntau dua li cov physiological nqi ketoatsidoticheskaya ua rau ntshav qab zib coma. poov tshuaj acetate, yog siv raws li ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive, raws li muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txo lub theem ntawm acidity rau decompose bicarbonate. Vim li no, nws yog siv los kho cov neeg mob nrog rau cov mob ntawm lub thawj hom mob ntshav qab zib.