Polyhedra nyob rau hauv architecture. Architectural cov ntaub ntawv thiab yeej

Huv qhov chaw - ib lub ntiaj teb ntawm geometric khib nyiab. Saib ib ncig ntawm. Txhua qhov txhia chaw sawv stately plaub. Tej zaum ua ntej rau hauv lub ob lub qhov muag tshwm sim haib pyramid. Ntawm no thiab muaj flashed amaze catchy Platonic thiab Archimedean khib nyiab. Architectural tsev nyob rau hauv feem ntau - polyhedra, raws li zoo raws li lawv yooj yim thiab complex ob peb ua ke. Thiab qhov no yog tsis yog qhov sib ntawm peb lub sij hawm. Yog li ntawd nws yog los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial. Lub geometry thiab cov tib neeg xav tau kev nplij siab, kev zoo nkauj thiab nws tus kheej-qhia koj hais kuv sau cov kev cai.

Geometry nyob rau hauv Architecture

Science thiab kos duab los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau lub hnub tam sim no tes nyob rau hauv tes. Geometry thiab architecture ua ke originated, tsim thiab paub: los ntawm tej yam yooj yim thaj lug thiab unspoken kev cai rau tsim kom zoo zoo masterpieces thiab meej cov cai. Zog, kev zoo nkauj thiab sib raug zoo ntawm lub tsev txhua lub sij hawm muab lub geometry. Lub nroog architecture nws cov kev cai phooj ywg rau cov kev xav tau thiab cov tswv yim ntawm tus txiv neej.

Ib cov qauv ruaj khov thiab ntau yam, yog li txoj kev zoo tshaj lwm tus. Hauv ua tsis tau zoo rau lawv nyob rau hauv practicality, tab sis lawv saib ntau impressive. Lawv tsa nyob rau hauv exceptional mob. Platonic thiab Archimedean lub cev, cov neeg tau ua npaj diluted architectural cov ntaub ntawv. Designing ntawm vaj tse, yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm polyhedra - nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, ib tug yooj yim ua hauj lwm. Tab sis kos duab yog tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, lub architects tau ua zoo zog rau nrog nws. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsim lub ntiaj teb no tus masterpieces. Yog li ntawd, Cia peb kawm ib lub rooj nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib tus piv txwv.

txoj cai plaub

Prism - lub feem ntau polyhedra nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm tej lub nroog. Qhov no me me "Khrushchev," high-sawv vaj tse, raws li zoo raws li lub loj heev skyscrapers. Ib tug raug piv txwv ntawm ib txoj cai plaub tej zaum yuav ua paub rau tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no hexagonal ntauwd Pirelli, tsa nyob rau hauv Milan nyob rau hauv 1960. Skyscraper differed unprecedented rau cov sij hawm qhov siab - 127 meters. Thiab muaj 32 plag tsev. Tam giant surpassed txawm lub Duomo, uas yog crowned los ntawm ib tug pej thuam ntawm tus Madonna, uas tshwm sim los ib tug lossis loj rau pej xeem outcry. Tom qab lub tsev yog saum toj no rau hauv lub thaj neeb. Yuav kom smooth lub discontent, tsim lub skyscraper PL Nervi thiab George. Ponti yuav tsum tau muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm nws tsim yaam tshab.

Pej thuam yog ua los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus naas ej tuam txhab "Pirelli", uas ua tsheb log tsheb, nyob rau hauv heev chaw nyob qhov twg nws yog thawj tug Hoobkas tau nyob. Ib tug elegant tsev nrog ib tug txhuas thiab iav façade los ua ib lub cim ntawm lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm ltalis tom qab tsov rog thiab tau txais lub npe ntawm feem ntau muaj kuab heev skyscraper nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

oblique plaub

Madrid yog lwm tsis muaj tsawg kawg li architectural kwv. Ntauwd "Gateway rau teb chaws Europe" zoo li tus prisms inclined, sib sau ua ke nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tsis muaj tsawg tourists tshaj lub Pirelli tsev. Skyscrapers 114 meters qaij de rau txhua lwm yam nyob rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm 15 °.

Nws yog ib qhov architectural nta lawv tshuav lawv lub npe. American engineers thiab architects F. Johnson thiab George. Burgi tsoo lub stereotype ntawm lub niaj zaus daim ntawv ntawm high-sawv vaj tse thiab ib tug pej thuam "Gateway rau teb chaws Europe" los ua tus thawj sloped qhob Giants nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab ib qho ntawm feem nrov attractions nyob rau hauv Madrid.

kev pyramid

Vaj tse plaub sib txeeb ua architectural khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev pyramids, txawm li cas los, tsis yog tus xov tooj thiab tej chaw. Yog hais tias peb yuav tau tsim kes duab lub vajtse xeeb tub cov qauv ntawm cov xws li ib tug daim ntawv no, nws yuav yeej los ua ib tug yeej muaj tseeb masterpiece. Tej zaum tag nrho cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov khawv koob ntawm cov ancient Iyiv pyramids, tsa ntau tshaj 4 txhiab. Years ago mus rau lub burial ntawm lub pharaohs? Leej twg paub, txawm li cas los, ib qho piv txwv ntawm no yog cov "Palace of Peace thiab accord" nyob rau hauv Astana, lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan.

Architectural creation ua los ntawm txhuas, hlau thiab iav tsim rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "Golden Section Fibonacci". Nws nce mus txog ib qhov siab ntawm 61,8 meters thiab muaj tib lub dav lub hauv paus. Lub pyramid yog lub npe hu rau nws cov elevators uas tsis txav mas, thiab diagonally mus rau lub sab saum toj ntawm cov qauv. Lub palace ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug lub rooj sib tham qhov chaw rau cov thawj coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev ntseeg thiab yog pom tias ib lub cim ntawm kev phooj ywg ntawm tej koom txoos no thiab haiv neeg. Nws yuav mus saib tej tug txiv neej: mus kawm rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai ntawm Kazakhstan thiab lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv loj.

truncated pyramid

Architectural tsev yuav siv rau hauv daim tsis tsuas yog ntawm kev pyramids, tab sis truncated. Vaj tse saib vim nws tau hais tias txiav saum ntau loj heev. Yog ib tug truncated pyramid ntawm Kukulkan, tsa los ntawm tus Khab ntawm lub Maya nyob rau hauv lub ancient nroog ntawm Chichen Itza nyob rau hauv Mexico. Thaum lub qhov siab nws nce mus txog 30 meters thiab ib tug tshaj plaws dav - 55. Nws muaj 9 square blocks, thiab lub tuam tsev nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws. Yuav kom nws yog plaub ladders: ib tug nyob rau txhua sab ntawm koj lub beam. Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg equinox nyob rau hauv muaj ib tug mysterious nrig txog kev pom cov nyhuv: woven los ntawm tshav ntuj deity feathered nab, nyob rau hauv uas nws yawm tau tsa ib tug pyramid, slides rau nws cov kauj ruam. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws creeps li, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg - down.

Tej polyhedrons nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm lub sij hawm tam sim xam tau tias yog tsis tshua muaj. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, hauv lub tsev ntawm lub Slovak xov tooj cua. Nws yog ib tus inverted lub truncated pyramid. Tus qauv zoo spectacular thiab, txawm tus neeg sab nraud gloom, attracts tourists.

kev polyhedron

Platonic cov khib nyiab los yog tsis tu ncua polyhedra nyob rau hauv architecture nyob rau hauv nws cov purest daim ntawv kuj tshwm sim heev tsis tshua muaj. Thiab hais tias yog yeej hexahedron. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, ua tus thawj complex Thawv muaj rau sab Tube, ib tug loj lub caij uas yog ib qho chaw ua hauj lwm lub tsev nyob rau hauv tus duab ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab. Sako Architects Architects tiav nws facade yog ib qho zoo kawg npaum li cas ntawm square thawv uas interspersed nrog terraces. Vim li no cov qauv zoo spectacular thiab nws nkawd weightless.

Tus thawj peb tes num ntawm lub roob lub tsev so nyhav Cuboidal Roob tsev pheeb suab muaj cov pab neeg ntawm Czech architects Atelier. Lossis loj hexahedron raws li nws yuav tsum ua ntawm ntoo, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm paneled nyob rau hauv txhuas. Solar panels saum lub ru tsev thiab cov phab ntsa, cov system ntawm dej nag cia thiab purification, raws li zoo li hluav taws xob generators yuav ua rau nws tau mus nyob rau hauv nws, tsis hais ntawm sab nraum lub ntiaj teb no. Thawv muaj rau sab zoo li ib tug loj heev thaiv ntawm cov dej khov uas tau poob los ntawm lub roob siab siab. Ib tug kab los sib ntsib taw qhia kom paub mus rau lub ntuj, lub lwm yam ciali mus tau ploj mus nyob rau hauv cov daus. Yog hais tias lub project yog pretvoron nyob rau hauv lub neej, nws yuav ib tug tiag tiag nov ntawm nqaij tawv.

semiregular polyhedron

Yuav kom tsim kev cai khoom siv lub buoyancy lub cev (los yog lwm yam semiregular polyhedra). Lub architecture ntawm cov ntau lub zos xws vaj tse yog ib tug magnet rau tourists. Them mloog mus rau cov teb chaws tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Belarus. Nws rightfully khwv tau tus txheej xwm ntawm ib qho ntawm tus ntau thawj vaj tse ntawm lub ntiaj teb no vim hais tias ntawm nws cov zoo rombokubooktaedra. Qhov no Archimedean lub cev muaj 18 squares thiab yim cov vajvoos peb sab. Vim li ib tug zoo tsev qiv ntawv feem ntau yog muab piv rau pob zeb diamond los yog pob zeb diamond. Lub tsev yog tshwj xeeb yog zoo ib yam li cov gems thaum illuminated hmo teeb pom kev zoo rau nws. Peb tes num "Belarusian Pob Zeb Diamond" nyob li thaum ntxov raws li xyoo 1980, thiab txawm yeej lub All-Union kev sib txeeb. Tab sis kom paub nws yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub XXI caug xyoo. Cov tsev qiv ntawv muaj 23 plag tsev thiab nce mus txog ib qhov siab ntawm 75 meters. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau ib tug loj loj phau ntawv sau thiab nyeem ntawv chav, nyob rau hauv lub tsev haum lawv saib platform, uas muaj ib tug zoo kawg li saib ntawm Minsk, chav tsev rau cov me nyuam thiab ib tug noj mov.

uas tsis yog-convex polyhedra

Toj roob hauv pes yuav tsum tau tas li hloov, vim li ntawd kev siv cov polyhedra nyob rau hauv lub architecture yuav ntau tsis ntev los ib tug sib txawv dog dig cim. Muaj tseeb tiag, tib neeg lub tswv yim muaj tsis muaj kev txwv. Architects innovators ua txhaum lub stereotypical saib ntawm kev zoo nkauj vaj tse siv nyob rau hauv lawv tej yaam num tam sim no uas tsis yog-convex geometry ntawm lub cev. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus dag rau opposite sab ntawm txhua lub ntsej muag, uas koj mus cuag ib tug stunning nyhuv.

Ib tug raug txwv li yuav Seattle Public Library. Kws kes duab vajtse R. Koolhaas sim ua kom lub feem ntau Futuristic lub tuam tsev. Tawg asymmetrical architectural ntaub ntawv ib tug kaum ib tsev ntawm cov iav thiab hlau mesh yog tsis nyiam tag nrho cov inhabitants ntawm lub nroog, thiab ntau tsuas outraged. Cov tsev qiv ntawv txawm tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "loj loj cua ncej." Tab sis tus kiv cua ntawm nws npaum li cas. Nta ntawm lub architecture ntawm lub tsev attracted ib tug unprecedented tooj ntawm cov neeg tuaj xyuas, nrog rau ntau cov neeg tuaj mus saib nyob rau nws los ntawm lwm lub zos thiab lub teb chaws.

Polyhedra thiab architectural yeej

Txhua architecture nws muaj nws kaj nta. Thiab lawv hais txog txiaj ntsim polyhedra. Loj heev pyramid cais hwj chim ntawm ancient Egypt. Tam sim no lub tsev, nyob rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm ib tug polyhedron, lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no, yog li muaj zog tsis txaus siab ntawm lub style. Tus duab ntawm lub plaub, uas muaj skyscrapers, yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm modernism. Lawv embody lub tswv yim ntawm internationalism thiab functionality. Piv Pirelli ntauwd nyob rau hauv ltalis thiab lub MetLife tsev nyob rau hauv America. Tsis tu ncua thiab semiregular polyhedra nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntse postmodernism, raws li txwv mus rau tib yam nroog vaj tse.

Tsis-convex polyhedra yog siv nyob rau hauv lub deconstruction los tsim cov pob txha lov thiab puas cov ntaub ntawv, ua ib tug qab ntxiag dissonance nyob rau hauv lub ordinariness ntawm lub vaj tse. Architects thiab engineers muab tso rau lub ib txwm upside down, hloov yeej. Tab sis peb qhov chaw tseem tshua lawm ua tus sau nrog rau qhov thiab nyob mus ib txhis geometric lub cev, seb nws yog ib tug pyramid los yog ib tug plaub.