Sentimentalism - tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai thiab tej ntaub ntawv, nws yog feem ntau ib lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm tib neeg tib neeg nyob rau ib tug nyob ntev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, uas pib dog dig ntxov thiab ntawd kub ntev li ntawm 20 lub mus rau lub 80 xyoo ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv Russia, nws yog tus kawg ntawm XVIII - pib ntawm XIX centuries. Lub ntsiab yam tshwm sim yog sentimental - nyob rau hauv tib neeg qhov pom tau tias qhov primacy ntawm qhov txhia, tsis lub siab.
Los ntawm lub siab rau tus ntxhiab
Sentimentalism muab kaw qhov Enlightenment, uas them tag nrho XVIII xyoo pua thiab spawned ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov zajlus taw. Qhov no classicism thiab rococo, pre-Romanticism thiab sentimentalism. Ib cov kws txawj tau piav nram qab no cov kev taw qhia ntawm xav tias cov Romanticism thiab sentimentality nrhiav tau nrog pre-Romanticism. Txhua yam ntawm cov chaw no nws muaj nws tus kheej raug yus nta, txhua txhia tus muaj nws tus kheej normative cwm pwm, ib tug uas nws nta zoo tshaj plaws qhia rau lwm sib, uas yog qib siab rau ib tug muab kab lis kev cai. Koj muaj peev xwm rau npe rau ob peb yam uas qhia tau sentimentalism. Qhov no ua kom pom tseeb rau ntawm tus neeg, nyob rau lub dag lub zog thiab lub hwj chim ntawm lub tsis totaub, tus prerogative xwm tshaj civilization.
ntawm xwm
Qhov no qauv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv ua ntej thiab cov nram qab no tiam sis txawv feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub cult ntawm tib neeg lub siab. Preference yog muab rau simplicity, naturalness, tus hero ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yuav ntau kev ywj pheej cwm pwm, feem ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg. Great mloog yog muab rau tus puab ntiaj teb ntawm tus txiv neej thiab cov xwm, uas nws yog. Cov no yog cov tsos mob ntawm sentimentalism. Txoj kev xav yeej ib txwm dawb lub siab, pe hawm, los yog txawm deified classicism. Yog li ntawd sau ntawv-sentimentalists muaj ntau dua txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub tswv yim thiab tso saib nws nyob rau hauv cov khoom, uas kuj yog tsis squeezed mus rau hauv nruj zajlus kom lub moj khaum classicism.
Tshiab txawj ntaub ntawv
Lub ntsiab yam ntawm sentimentalism - ib tug mus txawv tebchaws thiab novels, tab sis tsis yooj yim, tab sis qhia, los yog nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv. Cov tsiaj ntawv, hmoov, puas - lub feem ntau nquag siv lwm yam, vim lawv pab kom dav mus qhia lub puab ntiaj teb no ntawm tus txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, nyiam yog muab rau tus Elegy thiab cov tsab ntawv. Uas yog, cov zajlus lwm yam nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, dhau lawm, tej yam tshwm sim ntawm sentimentalism. Pastoral yuav tsis yog mus rau lwm yam kev taw qhia uas tsis yog piav.
Lavxias teb sab sentimentalism yog reactionary thiab tsis nrug. Tus Neeg Sawv Cev yog thawj zaug Shalikov Petr Ivanovich (1768-1852). Nws tej hauj lwm yog idyllic utopia - ib tug infinitely zoo kav cov vaj ntxwv, xa mus los ntawm Vajtswv rau lub ntiaj teb thiaj tau tuaj rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev zoo siab ntawm lub neeg pluag. Tsis muaj kev sib contradictions - idealism thiab universal lub siab zoo. Tej zaum ua tsaug rau cov qaub-qab zib tej hauj lwm ntawm no txawj zog twb tas ib txhia tearfulness thiab artificiality, uas yog tej zaum kuj ntaus nqi raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm sentimentalism.
Qhov tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab sentimentalism
Koj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub mas sib yog Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich (1766-1826) thiab thaum ntxov Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich (1783-1852), yog paub. Koj muaj peev xwm txawm hu ib tug ob peb hnyav mas-minded sau ntawv - qhov no AM Kutuzov, uas tau mob siab rau Radishchev "Lus los ntawm St. Petersburg rau Moscow", M. N. Muravev, sage thiab kws sau paj lug I. I. Dmitriev, kws sau paj lug, fabulist thiab tshuab txhais lus, VV Kapnist thiab N. A. Lvov. Lub earliest thiab feem ntau cov tawm cov khoom ntawm no sib yog zaj dab neeg Karamzin tus "Tsis Liza". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tej yam tshwm sim ntawm sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Russia muaj yus nta ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog instructive, ncaj ncees thiab kev kawm ua cim tej hauj lwm. Karamzin hais tias koj yuav tsum tau sau ntawv zoo li koj tham. Yog li, lwm feature ntawm Lavxias teb sab sentimentalism yog los txhim kho cov lus los ntawm ib tug txawj ua hauj lwm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias zoo kev loj hlob los yog txawm lub foundations ntawm no txawj txav yog hais tias nws yog thawj tig mus rau sab ntsuj plig lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub qis chav kawm ntawv, pom nws cov nyiaj thiab generosity. Ua ntej sentimentalists cov neeg pluag, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws qhia tau hais tias ib tug ntxhib, callous, tsis tau tej ntawm sab ntsuj plig.
"Tsis Liza" - rau sab saum toj Lavxias teb sab sentimentalism
Yuav ua li cas yog lub cim ntawm sentimentality nyob rau hauv "Tsis Liza"? Lub cuab ntxhiab ntawm zaj dab neeg yog dawb. Txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm nws tsis yog hais tias. Cov heev lub tswv yim ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm los ua rau tus nyeem ntawv lub fact tias naturalness thiab cov nplua nuj ntiaj teb no ntawm Lisa, ib tug yooj yim cov neeg pluag, yog incomparably superior rau lub ntiaj teb no zoo-kev txawj ntse, secular, schooled Erastus, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thiab tsis yog ib tug neeg phem, tab sis clamped moj khaum convention, tsis cia nws mus yuav tus hluas nkauj. Tab sis nws tsis xav kom tau sib yuav, vim hais tias tsis tau raws li them pauj, Erast tag nrho ntawm prejudice, poob rau Lisa txaus siab, nws tau ceased mus rau nws lub personification ntawm purity thiab innocence. Tsis pluag hluas nkauj, txawm tag nrho ntawm meej mom, kev cia siab rau tus txiv neej hluas, tus nqis commoner (uas yuav tsum tau hais txog lub breadth ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab kev ywj pheej views), muas thaum chiv thawj destined rau qhov kawg mus dhia mus rau lub pas dej. Tab sis lub meej mom ntawm zaj dab neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li mus kom ze thiab foundations illuminated es banal txheej xwm. Nws ntseg sentimentalism nyob rau hauv "Tsis Liza" (kev zoo nkauj ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov txiv neej thiab cov xwm, lub cult ntawm kev hlub) ua zaj dab neeg yog incredibly nrov ntawm nws lub contemporaries. Thiab lub pas dej, nyob rau hauv uas Lisa tuag tag, twb hu ua los ntawm nws lub npe (ib qho chaw hauv zaj dab neeg hais heev meej). Qhov tseeb hais tias zaj dab neeg tau ua ib tug kev tshwm sim, yog qhov tseeb hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov tam sim no kawm tiav ntawm Soviet tsev kawm ntawv paub hais tias "Tsis Liza" Karamzin sau, raws li "Evgeniya Onegina," Pushkin thiab "cov novice" Lermontov.
Tseem los ntawm Fabkis
Sentimentalism nws tus kheej - cov phenomenon hauv cov ntawv tseeb ntau dua li classicism nrog nws rationalism thiab dryness, nrog nws cov heroes, leej twg, raws li ib tug txoj cai, raug crowned hau los yog commanders. "Julie, los yog cov Tshiab Heloise" los ntawm Jean-Jacques Rousseau tsoo rau hauv cov ntawv tseeb thiab pw cov me nyuam yaus rau ib tug tshiab kev taw qhia. Twb tau nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm tus tsim ntawm cov lus qhia tau ntau cov tsos mob ntawm sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, txoj kev ua ib tug tshiab kos duab system, uas hu nkauj qhuas ntawm cov txiv neej, muaj peev xwm ntawm empathy, tsis muaj self-interest rau lwm tus neeg, infinitely hlub tsev neeg, ua tsaug zoo siab nyob rau hauv cov kev zoo siab ntawm lwm tus neeg.
Zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv
Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm classicism thiab sentimentalism yog heev uas zoo sib xws, vim hais tias tag nrho ob qho ntawm cov chaw no yuav mus rau lub era ntawm lub Enlightenment, tab sis muaj kuj sib txawv. Classicism qhuas thiab deifies vim li cas thiab sentimentality - lawm. Lub ntsiab lus hais tias ntawm cov chaw no yog kuj sib txawv: nws yog ib lub classical "txiv neej, ib tug qhev mus rau lub dictates ntawm yog vim li cas" nyob rau hauv lub sentimental - "Cov neeg xav tias". Lwm Yam tej hauj lwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv - lub logic thiab rigor cov classicists, thiab cov nplua nuj digressions, piav qhia, puas thiab cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv ntawm tom qab phau ntawv no. Raws li cov foregoing, cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub ntsiab nta ntawm sentimentalism. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm kev hlub. Ib hom ntawv nyeem-kev - Pastorale (Elegy), ib tug sentimental zaj dabneeg, sau ntawv thiab mus txawv tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm - lub cult ntawm qhov txhia thiab qhov, tsis txhob straightness.