Oob khab lis kev cai rau cheese: ib tug saib xyuas, cov lus qhia, cov zaub mov txawv thiab kev txheeb xyuas. Sourdough cheese nyob rau hauv tsev

Raws li yog lub npe hu, cheese - ib yam khoom pab tau thiab paub rau noob neej tau ntau tshaj ib tug Millennium. Nws yog npaj los ntawm cov mis nyuj ntawm ruminants: mas nyuj, tshis, yaj, maum. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus paub hais tias nyob rau hauv cheese kuj siv tau rau tshwj xeeb Sourdough cheese, uas, incidentally, tej zaum yuav mus tib yam thiab txawv haiv. Nws yog tseeb hais tias lub tsev-siav khoom yuav tastier thiab tsis muaj mob khw. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm tsis ntev los no kuaj tau hais tias cov ntau lawm uas muaj ntau cheese tsis ua raws li cov technology thiab lub additives tov, nws yog yam tsis tseem ceeb thiab adversely cuam tshuam lub ntuj saj. Qhov no yog ua li cas, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav cawm tau tus nqi ntawm ntau lawm, thiab ua rau kom lub txee lub neej ntawm khoom noj siv mis. Yog li ntawd ferment rau lub cheese nyob rau hauv tsev koj yuav obviously tuaj nyob rau hauv muab rau, txij li thaum koj tau tuaj nyob ze rau qhov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd tsawg kawg yog koj mam li paub tias tseeb, dab tsi nws muaj.

Hom ntawm domestic cheese

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv koj chav ua mov, siv starters rau cheese, muab faib mus rau hauv peb hom.

1. Hard cheese. Lawv yog ua los rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub keeb ntawm cheese thiab tsev cheese. Lawv khaws cia nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb siab (yuav ua tau los ntawm txhais tes los yog muas tom khw, tab sis nws yuav raug nqi ntau heev ntawm nyiaj). Raug tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lub hlis kawg. Qhov ntau dua qhov raug, lub nram qab no yuav saj zoo dua. Cov kev ceev ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov khoom qauv ntawm lub cev nyob lom zem ntau rau lub sij hawm thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov xovxwm. Lwm nthuav dav: zus tau tej cov nyuaj cheese no tsuas tau los ntawm tag nrho cov mis nyuj.
2. Cheese uas muag muag. Nws kuj yog siv rau ferment cheese thiab tsev cheese. Qhov txawv nrog ib tug khoom kev xaiv muaj mas lub sij hawm ncua. Thiab cheese uas muag muag ua los ntawm mis mis nyuj, thiab cov khoom yuav consumed nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam (cov mos mos hom tsis them nyob rau hauv paraffin rau long-term cia).
3. Qhob cheese (ntawm Adygei hom suluguni los yog cheese). Lawv kuj ua los ntawm tsev cheese, uas yog nej ib tug siab kua cov ntsiab lus. Cia ntawm xws cheese sij hawm me me. Thiab ua rau lawv feem ntau ntawm cov mis nyuj mis (tab sis koj ua tau thiab tag nrho). Tej khoom no kuj yooj yim los tsim, lawv yuav tsis tau los mus tiv rau hauv xovxwm.

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau ua

• Mis yog ntshaw kom muab tag nrho lub (mas nyuj nyob rau hauv niaj hnub nqe lus). Qhov loj tshaj plaws - xaiv qhov zoo. Hits tias thaum ib tug tsiaj noj tshuaj tua kab mob twb tsis siv (yam tsawg kawg yog ib lub lim tiam vim hais tias lawv qeeb tus oxidation dab). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov, Yog hais tias koj muaj private kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab lawv horned los yog muaj lub sij hawm kom yuav raw cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov phooj ywg, ua ib tug subsistence kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias twb 10 liv ntawm cov mis nyuj yuav tig tsuas yog ib kilo ntawm cheese, muag los sis 1.5 kg los yog 2 kg ntawm cheese los yog suluguni.
• Ntawm khoom - nws yuav ua cheaply thiab tus kheej, yuav tsis yuav kim mas xaiv - yuav tsum tau: ntaub ntawv rau cheese (yuav tsum ua los ntawm zoo tib yam tin poom), nias lub piston (tsev ua los ntawm planks thiab clamp) tus pas ntsuas kub kua riam , colander, gauze, paraffin (yog npaj cheese).

Sourdough cheese nyob rau hauv tsev

Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, yog tseem ceeb heev rau cheese oob khab. Nws yuav tsum tau siv rau nws sai li sai tau thiab nws yog zoo dua mus tsim kho lub tsim ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov acid, uas yuav txaus los kho cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev siv cheesemaking thiab buttermilk thiab yoghurt thiab hmoov Sourdough, thiab tej yam ntuj tso mis nyuj, tau los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso txhais tau tias, thiab cov poov xab. Nco ntsoov hais tias cov ua cim uas tau leaven ua cheese (ntau precisely, nws cov keeb kwm), muaj ib tug ncaj qha feem nyob rau hauv nws saj thiab aroma. Yog li ntawd xaiv xaiv nyiaj los ntawm hais txog lawv tus kheej tastes thiab nyiam nrog classical technologies.

Cheese. Keeb. Lub daim ntawv qhia yog yooj yim

Ib nrab ntawm ib tug liter ntawm tshiab tej yam ntuj tso cia qaub mis nyuj nyob hauv ambient (los yog me ntsis siab dua) kub. Feem ntau, lub hnub yog heev kom txaus rau hauv lub zoo kub ntawm 30 degrees. Tej kev siv keeb, pouring nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab raw khoom nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov qhob cheese uas tsis yuav tsum tau siv ntawm cov xovxwm.

lwm cov kev xaiv

Leaven rau tsev cheese yuav tsum npaj kom txhij thiab siv yeasts. Nyob rau hauv lub mis nyuj sov ntxiv poov 1/8 stick. Raug kev sib tov mus laij thaum hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv ib tug sov so qhov chaw. Ces ib nrab ntawm cov mis nyuj ntawm cov cam khwb cia thiab ntxiv tshiab. Yog li ntawd peb ua thaum lub sij hawm lub lim tiam. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no cov poov xab yuav paub tab thiab yuav tsum tau npaj rau siv. Yuav kom ntxiv nws nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab raw khoom.

abomasum

Cov khoom no tau ntev tau paub nyob rau hauv cheese siab raws li ib tug oob khab rau lub tsev-ua cheese. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub cheese kev lag luam nws yog siv heev nquag rau zus tau tej cov feem ntau cheese. Yuav ua li cas yog khoom no? Txawm lub ancient Greeks, raws li cov ntaub ntawv, siv plab ungulates li ntim rau kua, feem ntau yuav pheej nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm nws feem nyob rau khoom noj siv mis. Los sis tej zaum, qhov no technology tau paub nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los? Ruminants yog lub 4 multi-chamber plab ntawm (glandular plab). Nyob rau hauv nyuj (thiab lambs), piv txwv li, pub rau lawv niam lub mis nyuj, nws yog ua los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb active rennet enzyme muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev zom - rennin. Nws cleaves peptides. Qhov no rennet yog thawj ntawm lub sib, los ntawm cov kev ua sim. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub Dane Kristian Hansen, nws twb nrhiav tau los ntawm ntsev extraction nyob rau hauv 1874 thiab tom qab ntawd nrhiav tau lub ruaj, uas yog tseem qhov loj tshaj plaws tsim kom muaj cov enzyme. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw - stomachs ntawm mis nyuj nyuj (muaj hnub nyoog - tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 10 hnub), qhuav thiab frayed tshwj xeeb txoj kev. Rennet - lub ntsiab yooj yam khoom uas yog siv nyob rau hauv cheesemaking.

Lub essence ntawm tus txheej txheem

Thaum muab rennet rau cov mis nyuj nyob rau hauv tej yam kub tej yam kev mob, cov txheej txheem pib sai coagulation ntawm cov mis nyuj - curdling. Tom tsev, siv lub rennet yog haum yooj yim, li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai txog qhov no. Cias muab ib ntsiav tshuaj los yog ib tug extract (raws li nws yog feem ntau yog muag) thiab yaj nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj ntawm chav tsev kub (los yog me ntsis siab dua). Cov nyhuv yog pom nyob rau hauv ib teev. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm cheese uas muag muag domestic qeb siv rennet yog tsis tsim nyog. Txaus siv cov keeb ntawm lub ntuj txoj kev ntawm qaub mis nyuj. Lub tsuas txaav - dab tsi curdling txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm ntau ntau lub sij hawm. Feem ntau - ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li ib hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, nws tswj cais cov los khov rau ntawd - thaum pib ntawm tsev cheese - thiab whey. Tseem, ib txhia neeg xav siv rennet nyob rau hauv tsev los txhim kho lub saj thiab leeb lub ripening ntawm cheese.

rau vegetarians

Muaj ntau cov lus nug rau vegetarians yog siv tus tsiaj enzyme nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov cheese. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no lub sij hawm (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe) rau lub cheesemaking siv rennet hloov. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xeem tiam tau cim nrog rau qhov tsim nyog kab mob los ntawm fungi, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov enzyme. From thaum pib ntawm lub 90 lub siv noob biotechnology thiab rennin ua los ntawm cov kab mob. Raws li unconfirmed ntawv qhia, nrog rau cov hloov nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe tam sim no ua ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov cheese khoom. Tab sis ib co tuam txhab uas muag tseem lo rau ntau tsoos hom kev kawm los npaj thiab siv tsiaj rennet.

lub tsev muag tshuaj

Los ntawm txoj kev, rau ib tug qab hauv tsev fermented mis nyuj cov khoom no yog tsim rau cov poov xab, thiab qhov no cheese. Lub tsev muag tshuaj yog muag pepsin. Lub tsuas drawback - tus nqi ntawm ib co kws thiab enzyme deficiency. Tiam sis yog tias koj muaj lub sij hawm rau cov tshuaj, nws yog siv yam xyuam xim rau zus tau tej cov qhob cheese.