Nto moo Fabkis paj huam

Fabkis - ib lub teb chaws uas yog ua ntej ntawm lwm cov. Nws yog ntawm no tias tus thawj kiv puag ncig coj qhov chaw, thiab tsis tsuas yog kev sib raug zoo, tab sis kuj txawj, Koi tus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Fabkis sau ntawv thiab paj huam los tau unprecedented heights. Lwm nthuav qhov tseeb yog hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv Fabkis lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau geniuses tau soj ntsuam thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej. Niaj hnub no peb tham txog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws sau ntawv thiab paj huam XIX - thaum ntxov XX xyoo pua, raws li zoo raws li unveil cov ntaub ntawm qhov nthuav moments ntawm lawv lub neej.

Viktor Mari Gyugo (1802-1885)

Nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias lwm Fabkis paj huam yuav ntes tau mus nrog cov teev Viktora Gyugo. Tus kws sau ntawv, uas yog tsis ntshai mus nce ostrosotsialnye ntxhais nyob rau hauv nws novels, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm romantic kws sau paj lug, nws nyob ib lub neej ntev, nplua nuj muaj tswv yim achievements. Hugo raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv twb tsis cia li paub tias nws nyob rau hauv nws lub neej - nws ua ib tug hmoov zoo los ntawm kev ua no khoom siv tes ua.

Tom qab lub "Notre Dame" ntawm nws lub koob meej xwb loj hlob. Puas muaj ntau sau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas tau mus nyob 4 xyoo nyob sab nraum lawv tus kheej? Tom qab 79 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog (nyob rau hnub ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm Viktora Gyugo) nyob rau Avenue Eylau tsa ib tug triumphal koov - nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais ntawm lub txawj sau ntawv. Los ntawm nws, lub hnub dhau 600 txhiab admirers ntawm nws tej txuj ci. Tsis ntev hauv txoj kev twb renamed lub Avenue Victor Hugo.

Qab Viktor Mari Gyugo tshuav tsis zoo xwb tej hauj lwm thiab loj qub txeeg qub teg, 50,000 francs ntawm uas bequeathed rau cov neeg pluag, tab sis kuj yog ib tug coj txawv txawv taw tes nyob rau hauv lub siab nyiam. Nws twb kom rename lub capital ntawm Fabkis - Paris - nyob rau hauv Gyugopolis. Ua tau, nws tsuas yog tib yam khoom uas twb tsis tua.

Teofil Gote (1811-1872)

Thaum Viktor Gyugo struggled nrog classicist thuam, Teofil Gote yog ib tug ntawm cov brightest thiab feem ntau loyal ntawm UFW. Fabkis txoj paj huam tau txais ib qho zoo heev replenishment ntawm lawv ibyam: Gaultier tsis tsuas txig mastered rau lub txheej txheem ntawm kev sau ntawv, tab sis kuj qhib ib tug tshiab era nyob rau hauv kos duab rau ntawm Fabkis, uas tom qab pab cov tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no.

Tom qab enduring nws thawj sau nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev lig kev cai ntawm lub romantic style, Teofil Gote nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tshem tawm ntawm cov tsoos ntsiab lus ntawm cov paj huam thiab cov paj huam hloov lub vector. Nws tsis tau sau ntawv hais txog cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov, nyob mus ib txhis kev hlub thiab kev nom kev tswv. Tsis tsuas yog hais tias - lub kws sau paj lug hais tias cov kev complexity ntawm cov nqe lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tivthaiv. Qhov no yog hais tias nws nqe lus no, nyob rau hauv cov duab romantic, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb lawv twb tsis - tau muab txoj kev mus rau ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm daim ntawv no.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb sau, "Enamels thiab cameos", uas yog suav hais tias yog pinnacle ntawm creativity Theophile Gautier, kuj nkag mus hauv lub manifesto "Parnassian tsev kawm ntawv" - "Art". Nws hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "kos duab rau daim duab lub hom phiaj", uas Fabkis paj huam txais unconditionally.

Artyur Rembo (1854-1891)

Fabkis txoj kws sau paj lug Artyur Rembo tshwm sim nws lub neej thiab cov paj huam ntau tshaj ib tiam. Nyob rau hauv thaum tiav hluas , nws pheej khiav deb ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas nws tau ntsib nrog Paul Verlaine, xa nws cov paj huam "tus neeg qaug cawv nkoj". Cov phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov paj huam sai sai loj hlob mus rau txoj kev hlub. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau tawm hauv Verlaine tsev neeg.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Rimbaud tuaj xwb 2 collections ntawm paj huam thiab nyias - tus debut nqe "qaug cawv nkoj", uas tam sim ntawd coj nws paub. Nws yog nthuav tias kws sau paj lug cov hom hauj lwm yog heev luv luv: tag nrho cov kwv huam nws sau thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 15 mus rau 21 xyoo. Tom qab Artyur Rembo tsuas tsis kam sau. Flatly. Thiab nws los ua ib tug neeg ua lag luam, kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm lub neej los ntawm muag rau txuj lom, riam phom, thiab ... cov neeg.

Nto moo Fabkis kws sau paj lug Pol Elyuar thiab Giyom Apolliner yog pom tau hais tias txwv zeej txwv koob Artyura Rembo. Nws ua hauj lwm thiab tus neeg tshwm sim los ntawm Henry Miller lub sau ntawv, "Lub sij hawm killers" thiab Patti Smith lossi hais txog cov kws sau paj lug thiab nws verses hais.

Pol Verlen (1844-1896)

Fabkis txoj paj huam ntawm lub caij XIX xyoo pua, raug xaiv Paul Verlaine lawv "huab tais," tab sis tus huab tais muaj ib tug heev me ntsis rowdy thiab playboy, Verlaine piav txog tus dab tuag sab ntawm lub neej - cov av, qhov tsaus ntuj, kev txhaum thiab kev mob siab rau. Ib tug ntawm cov "poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm impressionism thiab cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv, tus kws sau paj lug sau paj huam, kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub suab uas yuav tsis qhia tej neeg txhais lus.

Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas vicious yog tus Fabkis kws sau paj lug Rimbaud ua si ib tug lossis loj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws yav tom ntej. Tom qab pib muaj cuab kav nrog cov tub ntxhais Arthur Paul coj nws nyob rau hauv nws koojtis. Nws twb nrhiav tau rau lub kws sau paj lug vaj tse, txawm ib pliag cas ib chav tsev, txawm tias nws yog tsis muaj nyiaj rau nws. Lawv yi ntawd kub ntev li ob peb xyoo: tom qab Verlaine sab laug lub tsev neeg, lawv tau mus deb, qaug dej qaug cawv thiab indulge raws li lawv yuav.

Thaum Rimbaud txiav txim siab mus tau deb ntawm nws tus lover, Verlaine tua nws nyob rau hauv lub dab teg. Txawm tias tus neeg retracted lub daim ntawv qhia, Paul Verlaine twb raug txim mus rau ob lub xyoos nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Tom qab hais tias, nws yeej tsis zoo tu qab tso. Vim hais tias ntawm cov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov haiv neeg mus tso tseg rau Artyura Rembo, Verlaine thiab yuav tsis tau rov qab mus rau nws tus poj niam - nws tau ua kev sib nrauj thiab txov nws kiag li.

Giyom Apolliner (1880-1918)

Tus tub ntawm ib tug Polish aristocrat, yug nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, Giyom Apolliner belongs rau Fabkis. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Paris, nws nyob tiav hluas thiab ua neeg laus, kom txog rau thaum nws tuag. Ib yam li lwm Fabkis paj huam ntawm lub sij hawm, Apollinaire twb nrhiav tau rau txoj kev tshiab thiab lub sij hawm nrhiav kom shocking - thiab ua tau zoo.

Tom qab lub xov xwm ntawm prose ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm txhob txwm ua nkauj ua nraug thiab ib tug mini-sau los ntawm cov paj huam "Bestiary, los yog Orpheus motorcade", luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1911, Giyom Apolliner luam tawm thawj tag nrho-ntev paj huam sau "Cawv" (1913), uas tam sim ntawd attracted tus mloog ntawm cov tsis muaj qauv sau ntawv, baroque imagery thiab cov laus sib txawv.

Collection "Kaligrammy" mus txawm ntxiv - tag nrho cov kwv huam uas muaj nyob rau hauv no sau, sau los ntawm ib tug amazing txoj kev: tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kab teem nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm silhouettes. tus nyeem ntawv lub ob lub qhov muag zoo nkaus li ib tug poj niam nyob rau hauv ib lub kaus mom, ib tug nquab, uas soars saum toj no qhov dej txhawv, lub hub ntawm paj ... Qhov no daim ntawv ntawm nqe dhau. Txoj kev, los ntawm txoj kev, yog tsis tshiab - muab cov paj huam pib tsim txawm lub British nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII, tab sis nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd Apollinaire xav lub rov tshwm sim ntawm "tsis siv neeg sau ntawv", uas yog li ntawd fond ntawm Surrealists.

Lub sij hawm "surrealism" belongs rau Guillaume Apollinaire. Nws tau tshwm sim tom qab staging nws "surreal ua yeeb yam" "Paps Tiresias" nyob rau hauv 1917. Lub voj voog ntawm paj huam nrog nws nyob rau hauv lub taub hau txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm los ua lub npe hu surrealists.

Andre Breton (1896-1966)

Rau Andre Breton tau ntsib nrog Guillaume Apollinaire ua ib thaj av. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau pem hauv ntej, nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob, qhov chaw uas cov hluas Andre, ib tug kws kho mob los ntawm kev cob qhia, tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug kho mob orderly. Apollinaire yog ib tug contusion (a fragment ntawm ib tug projectile ntaus nyob rau hauv lub taub hau), tom qab uas nws yeej tsis zoo tu qab tso.

Txij li thaum 1916, Andre Breton yuav siv sij hawm ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm avant-garde paj huam. Nws tau ntsib cov Louis Aragon, Filippom Supo, Tristan Tzara, Paul Eluard, tim khawv rau hauv lub paj huam ntawm Lautréamont. Nyob rau hauv 1919, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Apollinaire, paj huam epatazhisty pib miv nyob ib ncig ntawm André Breton. Tsis tas li ntawd mus ua ke nrog Filippom Supo sau ntawv "Sib Nqus teb" lub xyoo no, sau los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov "tsis siv neeg sau ntawv."

Txij li thaum xyoo 1924, tom qab lub Zaj lus tshaj tawm ntawm cov thawj Manifesto ntawm Surrealism, Andre Breton los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev nyob rau Avenue Fontaine qhib Bureau surreal kev tshawb fawb pib luam tawm phau ntawv Magazine. Nws yog tus pib ntawm ib tug tiag tiag thoob ntiaj teb zog zoo li chaw ua hauj lwm tau qhib nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Fabkis Communist kws sau paj lug Andre Breton koom campaigned nws pab mus koom nrog cov Communist tog. Nws thiaj li ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj ntawm communism, uas txawm yeej ib lub rooj sib tham nrog Lvom Trotskim nyob rau hauv Mexico (tab sis yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb tau raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub tsev tog).

Louis Aragon (1897-1982)

Yeej muaj tseeb pab pawg phooj ywg thiab comrade Apollinaire, Louis Aragon yog rau André Breton sab tes xis. Fabkis txoj kws sau paj lug, ib tug communist kom txog rau thaum nws kawg ua tsis taus pa, nyob rau hauv 1920 Aragon luam tawm nws thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam, "Foob pob hluav taws", sau rau hauv cov style ntawm surrealism thiab Dadaism.

Tom qab lub nkag teb chaws ntawm lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub Communist Party nyob rau hauv 1927, nrog rau nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm Breton hloov. Nws yog nyob rau hauv ib co txoj kev ua tus "lub suab ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv," thiab nyob rau hauv 1931 foob rau cov paj huam "Liab Pem hauv ntej", imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug txaus ntshai incitement.

Peru Louis Aragon thiab belongs rau lub "Keeb kwm ntawm lub USSR." Lub hom phiaj ntawm communism, nws tiv thaiv kom txog rau thaum nws tuag, txawm hais tias nws tsis ntev los no ua hauj lwm ib tug me ntsis rov qab mus rau tus sawv ntawm realism, tsis dawb lias nyob rau hauv lub "liab."