Fabkis txoj kws sau paj lug Stéphane Mallarmé: biography, muaj tswv yim, yees duab

Stephane Mallarme - lub koj kws sau paj lug thiab txawj sau ntawv Ameslikas los ntawm Fabkis, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nws yog lub taub hau ntawm lub symbolist tsev kawm ntawv. Koj puas paub dab tsi ntxiv yog paub Stephane Mallarme? Luv biography nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm yuav tso cai rau koj kom paub ntau ntxiv hais txog nws.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb, lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb

Lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug yug nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 18, 1842. Nws txiv yog Numa Mallarme, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm rau cov cuab yeej Affairs. Thaum Stephen yog 5 xyoo, nws poob nws niam, thiab ces nws twb coj mus rau cov kev kawm ntawv ntawm nws niam thiab txiv. Stéphane Mallarmé yog ib tug rhiab me nyuam. Nws kawm thawj ntawm cov kev cai dab qhuas nce tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv Auteuil (nyob rau hauv 1853), thiab ces, txij li thaum 1853, kawm high school Saens. Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no muab tau heev rau lub kws sau paj lug. Nws los ua txawm muaj zog kev txiav txim zoo ntawm nws nyob ib leeg tom qab lub 1857 kev tuag ntawm nws 13-xyoo-laus tus muam, Maria. Bachelor degree Mallarme tau txais nyob rau hauv 1860. Nws txiv xav kom nws ua ib tug tub ceev xwm Stefan, tab sis Mallarmé uas no ua hauj lwm. Txawm ces, nws xav tias nws yuav yog ib tug kws sau paj lug.

Ob yam ntawm lub neej ntawm Mallarme

Rau ob peb lub hlis nyob rau hauv 1862, Stefan yog nyob rau hauv London. Ntawm no nws zoo tag nrho nws cov lus Askiv. Rov qab mus rau Fabkis nyob rau hauv 1863, nws tau los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm lus Askiv hauv lub Lycée Tournon. Stephen lub neej txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, raws li nws tau muab faib ua ob qhov chaw. Nws twb yuam kom qhia rau lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug me me nyiaj tau los, muab rau cov tsev neeg - thawj nyob rau hauv Tournon, ces nyob rau hauv Besancon, nyob rau hauv Avignon (kom txog rau thaum 1871), Paris (kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1894) (1866-67 gg.). Tus lwm sab ntawm nws lub neej yog cov paj huam.

Tus thawj tej hauj lwm, paub nrog cov Parnassian tsev kawm ntawv

Rau lub sij hawm 1862-64 gg. Hluas yog thawj nqe ntawm tus sau. Lawv muaj peev xwm saib tus ntawm Edgar Allan Poe thiab Charles Baudelaire. Nyob rau hauv 1864, Stéphane Mallarmé tau ntsib nrog Kautllom Mendes, Frederic Mistral, MV Adan de Lille. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws los ua xav nyob rau hauv cov paj huam Parnassian tsev kawm ntawv tsim Theophile Gautier thiab pib sau tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws tus plig.

Tsis ntev, nyob rau hauv 1865, nws luam tawm nws cov paj huam muaj cai "Tav su ntawm ib tug Faun." Mallarme hais no ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub lub tsev hais plaub T. de Banville, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub Parnassian tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no paj huam yog ib tug sensual thiab refined eclogite. Pagan kev kaj siab ntawm lub neej zoo kawg nkaus rau tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm.

Parnasskii lub sij hawm ntawm creativity

Tej zaum 12, 1866 nyob rau hauv thawj lub xov xwm ntawm Mallarmé (10 kwv huam luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Kawm Parnassus"). Qhov tseeb meant tias Parnassians paub hais tias nws. Tom qab ntawd tuaj rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm searching rau cov tshiab txoj kev qhia ntawm nws poetic cwm pwm (1868-73). Mallarme nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 1860s, sau ib tug zoo heev zaj dabneeg, uas nws hu ua "Igitur, los yog Elbenona kev chim". Txawm li cas los, nws tsuas yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1926. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws teem mus ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub "Helaudias", ib tug ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub. Qhov no ua hauj lwm, hmoov tsis, twb tshuav tsis tiav. Ib tug fragment twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1871 nyob rau hauv lub thib ob tsab ntawm phau ntawv "Modern Parnassus."

Mallarmé - decadent, tshiab tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub caij 1870, Mallarme sib cais los ntawm parnassians thiab tuaj koom lub decadents. Nyob rau hauv 1872 nws tau sau "Pam tuag cov tsav Ci", nplooj siab mus rau txoj kev tuag ntawm T. Gautier. Qhov no ua hauj lwm cim rau txoj kev hloov mus rau qhov tshiab poetics ntawm lub Stefan. Kawm paub txog Rimbaud hais txog 1872 nrog Manet - los ntawm 1873, nrog Emile Zola - mus 1874. Stéphane Mallarmé pib ib tug kev sib koom tes nrog rau lub magazine hu ua "Artistic thiab txawj txhawb siab." Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv 1874, Stephen luam tawm ib tug neeg txhais lus ntawm cov paj huam Poe lub "Tus Raven". Illustrations rau nws ua tiav raws li Manet. Mallarme kuj collaborated nrog cov "Magazine ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab." Ntawm no nws luam tawm ib tug series ntawm cov khoom thiab cov nplooj ntawv. Publisher A. Lemerra nyob rau hauv 1874 tsis kam txais ntawv ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm Mallarmé tus "Tav su ntawm ib tug Faun." Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1876 nws tau sau. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub kws sau paj lug sau tau ib sonnet cai "Lub qhov ntxa ntawm Edgar Allan Poe." Thiab nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no, 1877, muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv nyeem, tus neeg sau ntawm uas - Mallarmé. Nws twb hu ua "Lub lus Askiv lo lus". Tutorial rau mythology twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1880 ( "Ancient Gods"). Nws yog ib qho adaptation ntawm cov phau ntawv du Cox.

"Literary Tuesdays" koob meej

Malarme pib npaj lawv tus kheej "txawj Tuesdays" nyob rau hauv 1880. Lawv nyob rau hauv nws chav tsev, nyob rau ntawm lub Roman txoj kev. Lub "txawj Tuesdays" koom Saint-Paul Roux, Gyustav Kan, Pol Klodel, Anri De Regnier, Andre Zhid, Pol Valeri thiab ib Luis. Fabkis txoj kws sau paj lug Stéphane Mallarmé los ua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau voj voog. Qhov no tau yaum ntau P. Verlaine, uas ranked nws qhov thiaj li hu ua "foom phem rau cov paj huam" (1884 Verlaine sau ib tsab ntawv hu ua). Tsis tas li ntawd pab mus rau tej chaw uas Mallarme J.-C. Huysmans. Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv, hu ua "On qhov tsis tooj", tsim nyob rau hauv 1884, qhov no txawj sau ntawv muaj ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm thaum ntxov kwv huam ntawm Stefan lub qhov ncauj Des Essent, nws protagonist.

Mallarmé - lub taub hau ntawm lub Symbolists

Los ntawm nruab nrab-80s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Mallarmé mas suav hais tias tus thawj coj ntawm cov decadent paj huam, uas nyob rau hauv 1886 pib hu lawv tus kheej "Symbolists". Nws sau hu ua "Kwv huam Stefana Mallarme" nyob rau hauv 1887, thiab tom ntej no - translations ntawm cov kwv huam uas tsim los ntawm Poe. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nrog rau lub "tsaus ntuj nti" symbolist paj huam, Stephane tsim me me-ntim thiab yooj yim kwv huam rau ntau yam zaus. Lawv raug luam tawm xwb nyob rau hauv 1920 ( "nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Paj Huam").

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1894, peb xav nyob rau hauv cov neeg sau luam tawm ib phau ntawm cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv prose thiab paj huam. Ces nws tshuav cov kev pab cuam, kev txiav txim siab rau siab siv nws lub neej rau cov paj huam. Mallarme teem tawm mus ua ib tug zoo meej, universal phau ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab kev piav qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yuav tsum muaj ib tug muab. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Verlaine, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1896, Stephen raug xaiv "Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Poets". Cov ntawv ntawm nws sim kwv huam hu ua "hmoov yeej tsis tshem cov ntaub ntawv" yog hais txog 1897. Cov khoom zoo yog ib tug ntev kab lus, tsis muaj cov cim. Nws twb sau lub stairs, nrog rau cov font siv txawv ntau thiab tsawg. Cov paj huam tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug ob-nplooj kis. Ces, nyob rau hauv 1897, Mallarme luam tawm ib tug series ntawm cov khoom ( "Music thiab Literature", "Qhov teeb meem ntawm paj huam" thiab lwm tus neeg.). Lawv cov npe - "dev paus". Nyob rau hauv cov tej hauj lwm, tus sau hais nws lub tswv yim uas cov ntaub ntawv yog muaj ib tug poob uas yog yuav tsum tau tig los nws yav tas los dawb ceev tseem ceeb. Mallarme Stefan, biography thiab nws ua hauj lwm tseem ceeb, tuag nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 9, 1898 nyob rau hauv Paris. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm nws phau ntawv thiab xov xwm tau luam tawm tsuas yog tom qab nws tuag.

Lub ntsiab lus creation thiab nta Mallarm

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus kws sau paj lug Stephane Mallarme, uas nws cov duab koj yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Fabkis thaum lub sij hawm thaum nws tau los ua khees qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov tshiab poetic cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qaug ntawm cov laus. Nws coj lub zog ntawm symbolism nyob rau hauv uas tshiab artistic xav coj zoo lawm txoj kev xav, uas ua rau kho cov lus paj huam thiab teb cov leem txoj kev rau niaj hnub ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Fabkis.

Mallarme radically rethought cov nqe lus nug txog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov paj huam. Nws ntseeg hais tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob qhia los yog piav qhia txog. Nws yuav tsum tau ib yam dab tsi superreality. Raws li Mallarmé, paj huam - yog cov kev hloov ntawm thaum lub ntsiab lus los ntawm txoj kev ntawm tib neeg cov lus. Nws endows peb lub neej authenticity. Cov kws sau paj lug yog ib tug intermediary ntawm tus tib neeg ntiaj teb thiab lub secrets ntawm neeg raug kaw nyob rau hauv lub ntug. Nws muaj peev xwm nqa daim ntaub thaiv uas hides cov transcendental, los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov lo lus, cov cim. Nws yog rau lawv twv ib tug txawv kev muaj tiag, uas yog li ntawd xav kom muab peb Stéphane Mallarmé. Nws creativity qhia tias nws ua tau zoo.