Ntaub ntawv rau kev sau ntawv. Parchment. Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial, cov neeg tau siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv sau cim, thiab cov parchment. Yuav ua li cas yog nws yuav qhia txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv, uas yog ib tug me ntsis attentive rau cov zaj lus qhia ntawm keeb kwm.

Kho nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj rau economic hom phiaj siv los ntawm ancient Pawxia nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib caug xyoo BC. Lawv hu ua nws "diphtheria". Nyob rau hauv Egypt, papyrus twb siv rau kev sau ntawv. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas tau tsim no xwb. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, lub Pharaohs muaj banned cov export ntawm papyrus los ntawm lub teb chaws. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog mus rau deprive tus naas ej Pergamon tsev qiv ntawv cov ntaub ntawv uas rau zus tau tej cov phau ntawv thiab tau exalt lub Alexandrian tsev qiv ntawv. Pergamum nroog cov neeg tau tso tseg, tiam sis tau pib mus nrhiav ib tug lwm txoj. Ib tug neeg xav li cas txog diphtheria. Yog li nws tuaj rau hauv kev siv ancient parchment. Nws ntau lawm yog zoo tag nrho, thiab lub npe tau hloov.

ancient ntau lawm

Cov khoom, lub npe tis rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Pergamum, yog kim heev. Cov tawv ntawm yaj, npua, nyuj (tsuas yog tus nees luav) tiav los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb technology, multi-theem thiab lub sij hawm-siv. Lawv yog ua tib zoo ntxuav, tshem tawm ntxhib thiab ntxhib plaub hau, soaked rau ob lub lis piam nyob rau hauv ib tug txiv qaub tov. Ces ntawm daim tawv nqaij, depriving lub wool rub tshaj tus ncej thiab muab tshem tawm lub subcutaneous cov ntaub so ntswg. Ces cov khoom yog av thiab ironed pumice, cwj mem av dawb txawm lig los plhws (rau absorbing roj thiab impart nto homogeneity residues). Bleached ancient parchment muab tshuaj ntxuav hmoov, mis nyuj los yog protein, txawm hais tias ua thiab dawb lias ntaub ntawv. Nqi daim ntaub thaiv los ntawm nws cov thickness. Yuav kom sau siv number case daim ntawv qhia uas twb khaws cia tsis pub leejtwg paub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv sau nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj thiab kub.

Yog li ntawd, lub parchment (uas nws yog twb to taub) - ib cov khoom rau zus tau tej cov phau ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li lub twb sau ntawv nyeem ntawv sau. Txawm tias nws nqi siab, lub inhabitants ntawm Pergamum invention favorably differed los ntawm cov papyrus. Nws yog ib tug muaj zog thiab check cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav khoov, re-siv, uas yuav tsum tau sau nyob rau hauv ob sab. Tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, qhov no yog dab tsi ua rau nws nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov tsiaj twb.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, thiab nws yog ib tug palimpsest - ib tug tshwj xeeb parchment. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Qhov no siv cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm qub phau ntawv erased thiab sau tshiab. Tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau nyeem ob phau tau txhais, tab sis nyob rau hauv 691 lub txiv plig uas txwv tsis pub ntxuav lub dawb ceev phau ntawv.

Lub advent ntawm loj printing ntawv thiab ua nyob rau hauv lub poob ntawm raug thiab cov kev siv ntawm parchment vim hais tias nws yog kim heev cov ntaub ntawv uas. Rau ib txhia lub sij hawm lawv tau siv interchangeably, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm daim ntawv yeej. Niaj hnub no parchment ua los ntawm cov tawv ntawm kosher tsiaj xwb, siv cov neeg Yudais sau lawv dawb huv phau ntawv.

economic parchment

Muaj kuj yog ib qho nyiaj txiag parchment. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Rau hnub tim, cov khoom ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj, nws muaj tsis muaj dab tsi. Qhov no yog qhov li ib txwm waterproof ntawv, ntim khoom, uas yog ntawm tsob nroj keeb kwm. Zaub parchment rugged, yuav luag pob tshab, tsis nco lub roj thiab dej, ces nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, pharmacology, thiab tshuaj. Invented nws nyob rau hauv lub lig thib kaum cuaj caug xyoo, lub Fabkis chemist Louis Guillaume Fige.