Northwestern Federal District: lub nroog thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg

Northwestern Federal District - txhais chaw uas zoo heev ntawm cov European ib feem ntawm Russia. Ntawm no ua ke 7 chaw 1 tsoom fwv teb chaws lub nroog, 2 republics thiab 1 autonomous cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws.

Qhov no koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub xeev tau officially lees paub tias nyob rau hauv 2000. Nws muaj 11 yam kev kawm, nrog rau cov thawj tswj centre ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws tseem ceeb Saint Petersburg. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam yog hais txog 2 lab square feet. km, uas yog hais txog 10% ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab loj. Raws li ntawm 2015, cov pej xeem ntawm me ntsis tsawg tshaj li 14 lab tus tib neeg, tus uas 80% nyob rau hauv lub zos.

Nyob rau hauv nyiaj txiag nqe lus, ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau lub teb chaws yog lub North-West Federal District. City, occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw:

• Thawj Coj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov respects, ntawm chav kawm, St. Petersburg.
• Cov peev ntawm lub Komi koom pheej - Syktyvkar.
• Lub regional center - Kaliningrad.
• Lub nroog ntawm cov tub rog hwjchim ci ntsa iab - Novgorod.
• Qhov loj tshaj plaws qhov chaw nres nkoj nyob rau hauv Russia - Murmansk.
• Center ntawm lub municipality - Severodvinsk.
• Borough - Arkhangelsk.
• Petrozavodsk - lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia.
• Vologda - qhov chaw ntawm cov kev loj hlob ntawm science.
• Lub nroog ntawm Vologda cheeb tsam - Cherepovets.

Resources ntawm lub Northwest District cia nws mus nyob ib qho ntawm feem prestigious qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws. Ntawm no tsim titanium extraction, nkev, roj, apatite. County av tag nrho ntawm peat deposits thiab shale. Loj heev deposits ntawm kub, diamonds, npib tsib xee, uranium, cia kev khwv nyiaj txiag loj hlob sai heev, tsis tsuas yog tus cheeb tsam tab sis kuj lub tag nrho lub xeev.

Komi koom pheej

Komi zaj dabneeg pib nyob rau hauv 1921. Kom txog rau thaum 1936 nws yog sib npaug zos rau cov autonomous cheeb tsam, tiam sis los ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5 xyoo, nws twb muab tsub lub title ntawm lub koom pheej, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Soviet Union. Nws tam sim no lub npe uas nws tau txais ib hlis ntuj 12, 1993 Thaum lub sij hawm 1994 cov kevcai tswj tau thawm xyoo saws, pom zoo los ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, anthem thiab tus chij, thiab tau tuav tus thawj kev xaiv tsa ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub koom pheej.

Nws yog tam sim no ib feem ntawm lub Northwestern Federal District. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Komi:

• administrative cheeb tsam - 12;
• lub zos ntawm Republican subordination - 8;
• regional settlements - 2;
• lub zos pawg sab laj - 190;
• settlements - 37.

Cov muaj teebmeem tuaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub USSR. Qhov no tau muaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tsiv teb tsaws. Los ntawm 1990 mus rau 2000, cov pejxeem tau poob los ntawm 20%.

Tam sim no, cov koom pheej kev khwv nyiaj txiag teem rau ib theem siab. Muaj mas koom nyob rau hauv lub extraction thiab ua lwm yam minerals tawm xws li gems, roj thiab cov nkev.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Raws li cov kevcai tswj, koog tsev kawm ntawv yog qhov kev kawm ntawm lub xeev. Cov hauj lwm tus nqi nws tau txais nyob rau hauv 1926, Naryan-ti raug tsa thawj tswj centre. Yog lub feem ntau sparsely populated cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub Northwestern Federal District. Lub zos nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam inhabited los ntawm ib nrab-Lavxias teb sab, thiab lub hauv paus txawm cov neeg ua li me ntsis tsawg tshaj li 20%. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv - txog 43 txhiab tus neeg .. Charter autonomous cheeb tsam tso cai rau koj khiav lag luam sab nraum lub Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Cov pleev ntawm lub county yog:

• nroog tswj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb - 1;
• PGT - 1;
• lub zos - 42.

Lub ntsiab economic kheej - herding thiab ua liaj ua teb.

Cov koom pheej ntawm Karelia

Tus thawj mention ntawm Karelia tau nyob rau hauv lub VII xyoo pua, cov yog cov pab pawg neeg teej tug mus rau lub Baltic thiab Finnish united union. Txij li thaum 2001 nws tau ib tug tag nrho-fledged raug nrog nws Lavxias teb sab nom tswv. cov kevcai tswj thiab cov yooj yim cwj pwm tau npaum li cas. Cov peev ntawm lub koom pheej - Petrozavodsk. Neeg kho tshuab engineering thiab metallurgy - lub ntsiab kev lag luam, tso cai rau kom tuav ib tug uas txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov lwm cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub Northwestern Federal District.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub koom pheej yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv sab qaum teb, sab qab teb thiab hauv paus qhov chaw. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog txawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov pej xeem thiab economic kev loj hlob.

1. Lub hauv paus ib feem - tsuas yog 13% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem.
2. North - txog 14%.
3. Cov yav qab teb thaj tsam ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia densely populated - 73%.

Basic cov neeg nyob - Lavxias teb sab (57%) thiab Karelian (37%), lwm haiv - 6%.

Saint Petersburg

Lub tsuas nroog nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws tseem ceeb - St. Petersburg. Nws yog cov kev cai capital ntawm tus poj xeev. Peter kuv twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1703. Ntawm no nws yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Russia. Nrog ncaj qha mus rau lub hiav txwv, yog tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub siab hais kom ua ntawm cov rog ntawm lub xeev.

St. Petersburg - scientific, kev cai thiab muaj chaw nrog mas tsim kev khwv nyiaj txiag, ib feem ntawm cov Northwestern Federal District. Lub Leningrad cheeb tsam tsis muaj xws li lub nroog, vim nws yog pom zoo raws li ib qho kev ywj chaw.

Cov pejxeem yog ntau tshaj 5 lab tus tib neeg. Nws muaj ib tug zoo siab lub npe millionth. Nws yog ib lub nroog agglomeration, tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm yuav luag ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab square meters. km.

Leningrad cheeb tsam

Leningrad cheeb tsam extends rau 84 sq. M. km. Nws yog ib lub xwb cheeb tsam, uas cov tub ceev xwm yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv cheeb tsam (Moscow). Nyob rau hauv 1993, ib tug Constitution tau txais uas pom tau hais tias cov Leningrad cheeb tsam cov kev kawm ntawm ib tug zoo kawg teb chaws hu ua Russia. Northwestern Federal District muaj xws li cov cheeb tsam ntawm 217 chaw. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm lub nroog ib cheeb tsam thiab 17 kawm ntawv, uas muaj xws li 61 nroog settlements thiab 138 lub zos. Nws occupies ib thaj tsam ntawm ze li ntawm 2 lab tus tib neeg. Main qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam: kev tsim kho, hlau ua, thauj. Kwv yees li ntawm ib xyoos ib zaug cov nyiaj tau los ntawm 700-800 billion rubles.

Kaliningrad cheeb tsam

Northwestern Federal District ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj xws li cov Kaliningrad cheeb tsam. Los ntawm cheeb tsam, nws yog lub me tshaj piv nrog rau lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Nws ntsuas saib ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li 15 txhiab sq. M. km. Ib tug feature ntawm cheeb tsam no yog qhov tseeb hais tias tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR Kaliningrad cheeb tsam tau poob av ciam teb nrog Russia. Cov pejxeem yog hais txog 960 txhiab. Txiv neej.

90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no reserves ntawm amber nyob ntawm no. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub Kaliningrad cheeb tsam yog mined pob zeb ntsev, xim av thee, peat, roj.

Murmansk cheeb tsam

Murmansk cheeb tsam tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1938. Nws yuav siv sij hawm yuav luag 145 txhiab sq. M. square km nrog ib tug neeg nyob ntawm txog 766 txhiab. txiv neej. Northwestern Federal District combines tag nrho nws cov cheeb tsam. Zoo tsim xws hom kev lag luam, xws li uas tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy, tsuas, lub teeb kev lag luam, hlau ua thiab tshuaj industries. Ib xyoos ib zaug turnover yog hom twg nyob ib ncig ntawm 300 billion rubles, uas tso cai rau koj los tuav lub nruab nrab txoj hauj nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas ntawm Lavxias teb sab cheeb tsam. Tus qauv ntawm lub Murmansk cheeb tsam muaj 5 tsev kawm ntawv thiab 12 tus kheej-tsoom fwv tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub nroog subordination.

Pskov cheeb tsam

Pskov cheeb tsam tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1944, tab sis nws ib thaj tsam tau thaum kawg tsim xwb nyob rau hauv 1958, tag nrho cov 4 xyoo ntawm tus poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, peb yog cov Germans, uas yog kev lom zem ntau pawg nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov pejxeem. Nyob rau hauv 1967, rau qhov muaj lub siab tawv thiab ceev ceev rov qab tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua tau txais lub siab tshaj plaws puav pheej - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin.

Tam sim no, raws li cov 2015 pej xeem ntawm lub cheeb tsam li cas txog 650 txhiab. Txiv neej. Thaum in thiaj li tso rau hauv Northwestern Federal District ntawm nws tag nrho cov turnover mus txog luag 80 billion rubles. Ntawm no, ua liaj ua teb, lub hwj chim tiam, siv.

Vologda cheeb tsam

Vologda cheeb tsam ciam teb rau lwm uas niaj hnub kawm coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1937. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1944, qhov chaw Pavinsky Vohomsky thiab dhau mus rau hauv lub muaj lub Kostroma cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov pejxeem - 1.1 lab cov neeg. Lub nroog ntawm Vologda yog ib tug thawj tswj centre. Hauv paus txawm neeg - Lavxias teb sab thiab Veps.

Municipalities ntawm thaj av ntawd:

• chaw nrog rau hauv zos muaj cai - 26;
• Koog tsev kawm ntawv - 2;
• nroog settlements - 22;
• lub zos - 322.

Qhov tseem tsim industries - hluav taws xob thiab ferrous metallurgy.

Novgorod cheeb tsam

Northwestern Federal District muaj xws li tus ciam teb 7 cheeb tsam. Novgorod cheeb tsam Qib 6 nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm 55,3 square meters. km. Nws twb tsim nyob rau hauv 1944. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1956, cov tsev kawm ntawv twb repartition thiab lub zos pawg sab laj thiab Dmitrov Mozolevski tsiv mus rau kev mloog Leningrad cheeb tsam. Number of pejxeem - ntau tshaj 618 txhiab tus neeg ..

Nyob rau hauv lub Novgorod thaj av ntawd muaj 3 lub zos ntawm lub regional tseem ceeb. Nws Veliky Novgorod - tus thawj tswj centre, Borovichi thiab Staraya Russa.

Thaum ua 1519 lub teb chaws muaj ntau ceg. Ua qhov chaw: txua ntoo, tshuaj, metallurgy.

Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam

Qhov loj tshaj plaws cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, nyob rau cov nyob sab Europe sab, yog tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj (590 txhiab sq. Km.). Nws loj yuav muab piv nrog rau tej thaj chaw ntawm tej lub teb chaws, piv txwv li:

• Fabkis (txog 537 txhiab sq. Km.);
• Spain (yuav luag 505 txhiab sq. Km.).

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib cais ntawm lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv 1937, Arkhangelsk twb nrhiav tau. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau 2015, cov pejxeem ntawm yuav luag 1.2 lab cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog feeb meej lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws muaj tej qhov chaw: shipbuilding, txua ntoo, sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv, tsuas diamonds.