Proportional electoral system: kev to taub txog cov qauv ntawm nom tswv science

Tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nqe lus nug yog lossi niaj kev xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov neeg uas yog ib tug proportional electoral system? Qhov teeb meem no tau ntev ceased yuav purely encyclopedic tsuag, mus rau lub dav hlau ib tug ntau dua raws li cov tswv yim. Yog li ntawd nws yuav ua rau kev txiav txim zoo muab tus yam ntxwv qhia los ntawm cov neeg xaiv nom txheej txheem thiab qhia nws txawj thiab weaknesses.

Proportional electoral system: cov yus cov yam ntxwv

Yog hais tias koj tsuas articulate lub essence ntawm no hom ntawm kev xaiv tsa, ces tej zaum nws yuav tshwm sim raws li nram no: ib tug neeg xaiv tsa votes rau cov duab ntawm no los yog tias nom tswv quab yuam. Thiab qhov no yog dab tsi distinguishes qhov no zoo ntawm majoritarian qauv. Tab sis xws li ib tug txhais yuav tsum tau deciphering. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab nta ntawm lub proportional hom yog:

1. Qhaj ntawv ntawm unrecorded votes.
2. Ib tug tib neeg correlation ntawm cov feem pua ntawm cov votes cam khwb cia nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv tsa thiab qhov feem pua ntawm cov rooj zaum nyob rau hauv xaiv lub cev.

Cov ob nta txiav txim nws tus kheej lub electoral txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib tug tej yam feem ntawm lub teb chaws los yog tag nrho lub teb chaws yog ib tug multi-neeg ib cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas txhua leej txhua tus yog free rau xaiv cov koj nyiam kev nom kev tswv quab yuam nws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub raug xaiv yog cov tog, taw, koom haum ua teb, blocks, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub cev yog tsuas hais nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm registered cov neeg. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tsim democracies nyob rau hauv lub proportional kev xaiv tsa system yuav tsum tau raug "netlist" thiab "ywj siab teev". Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, combining nom tswv rog yog yuav mus rau qhov kev xaiv tsa raws li ib tug united pem hauv ntej, tsis specifying xyov leej twg yuav sawv cev rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub nruab nrog cev. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - tus proportional electoral system tso cai nominate ib tug tib neeg (xws li ib tug teeb meem no yog raug rau Belgium los yog Switzerland).

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub electoral txheej txheem nyob rau hauv no system yog raws li nram no: tuaj mus rau lub pov chaw nres tsheb, cov neeg xaiv tsa muab nws pov npav tsuas yog rau ib tug neeg sab nrauv. Tom qab suav cov votes, ib tug nom tswv quab yuam tau txais li ntawd, ntau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cev, uas sib raug rau qhov feem pua tau nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv tsa. Ntxiv mus, cov rooj zaum ua ke nyob rau hauv raws li hauv daim ntawv teev sau npe nyob rau hauv ua ntej, nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov nom tswv rog. Kev sib hloov ntawm cov rooj zaum yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw xwb nyob rau hauv cov mob uas ib tug neeg tsis muaj peev xwm mus vim hais tias ntawm lub cev los yog kev cai lij choj yog vim li cas rau ib ce muaj zog powers.

Los ntawm tag nrho cov no peb yuav xaus uas lub proportional electoral system - ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm neeg xaiv nom txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub electorate votes tsis rau tej tib neeg, tab sis rau kev nom kev tswv lub hwj chim. Nws tseem yog nqi nco ntsoov tias lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas cov kev xaiv tsa muab qhov chaw, yog ib tug loj multi-neeg ib cheeb tsam.

Proportional electoral system: zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Raws li nrog rau txhua yam ntawm lub electoral txheej txheem, lub system muaj ob zoo thiab disadvantages. Cov kev pab cuam yuav tsum muaj xws li lub fact tias cov proportional electoral system muaj txhawb mus rau lub koom ua ke nyiam ntawm lub electorate, uas tau txiav txim siab mus tshaj tawm nws lub siab nyiam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws teev nws tus kheej sib nrug los ntawm feem ntau, noj mus rau hauv tus account xwb cov nyiaj ntawm lub feem ntau.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb disadvantage ntawm no system muaj xws li lub fact tias cov pov ntawv xaiv tsa tau muab txoj cai mus pov npav rau cov duab ntawm no los yog tias nom tswv quab yuam, es ib tug neeg. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tsos peev xwm yuav ua rau lub charisma ntawm tus thawj coj (raws li tshwm sim, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv 1933). Thaum zoo li no tuaj rau lub hwj chim lwm cov neeg tej zaum yuav kiag li tsis paub hais tias mus rau lub electorate. Yog li, lub proportional electoral system muaj txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub "cult ntawm tus" thiab, raws li ib tug yuav tau txais, tau txoj kev hloov mus los ntawm autocracy mus rau ib tug kev ywj pheej system. Txawm li cas los, qhov teeb meem no tsis yog raws li ntau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov kev cai ntawm deterrence.

Yog li ntawd, lub proportional electoral system - ib tug yooj yim mechanism rau noj mus rau hauv tus account lub views ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm cov haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv ib tug ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws los yog thoob plaws lub teb chaws.