Nikolay Nikolaevich GE (artist): biography thiab tej hauj lwm

Paub tswv ntawm portrait, raws li zoo raws li lub creation ntawm paintings nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab phau Vajluskub los ua ib tug zoo heev Lavxias teb sab neeg pleev kob Nikolay Nikolaevich GE. Ib tug artist ntawm extraordinary txuj ci, nws coj ib tug ruaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab raws li tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ces tshiab neeg uas xav tau qhov tseeb zog.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

Nikolay Nikolaevich GE, cov artist, uas nws portrait yog nyob rau hauv thaum pib, tau yug los Lub ob hlis ntuj 27, 1831 nyob rau hauv ib tug ua liaj ua teb Ivanovo Chernigov xeev, nyob rau hauv lub tsaws tsev neeg. Txawv txawv rau Lavxias teb sab pob ntseg lub npe nws tiv rau nws yawm txiv, uas khiav tuaj los ntawm Fabkis nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tus thawj, nws yog sau - Gay. me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug me nyuam coincided nrog cov txaus ntshai tus kab mob no phaum mob raging nyob rau hauv ntau Lavxias teb sab xeev, thiab thov lub neej ntawm nws niam, thaum Nicholas thawj tuaj mus rau lub teeb. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov kev txhawj xeeb txog nws twb muab rau ib tug ntawm cov poj niam serfs txiv.

Raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub era, nws thawj hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv tsev yog ib tug me nyuam tub, thiab tom qab ntawd tau coj tuaj rau Kiev, qhov uas nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv high school. Muaj pov thawj hais tias nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm rau cov xib fwb muab sau nws extraordinary txuj ci rau nqus, tab sis kuv txiv yog nyob rau hauv nws lub account lwm lub hom phiaj. Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, nws txhob kom nws tus tub mus rau hauv lub University of Kiev nyob rau hauv lub Mathematics Department.

Los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Academy of Arts

Tsis txhob yuav nws tus txiv Nicholas tsis tau twv kom, tab sis ib tug qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov kev tshawb fawb xaiv tsis tau Kiev thiab St. Petersburg University, qhov uas nws twb cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Lej. Txawm li cas los, tsis ua npau suav txog nws Nikolay GE. Artist, tsis yog ib tug mathematician, nyob rau hauv nws tus ntsuj plig, thiab tag nrho cov ntau kom meej meej tas nws tus kheej. Tag nrho cov dawb lub sij hawm nws siv nyob rau hauv qhov Hermitage, luam paintings ntawm pom tau hais tias ntxias.

Cov tshwm sim yog heev kom paub tseeb tseeb - nyob rau hauv 1850, Nicholas yoojyim lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Ntawm no nws ntog nyob rau hauv zoo heev xib fwb hauv chav kawm ntawv, thiab ib tug heev zoo-paub nyob rau hauv cov hnub St. Petersburg artist P. phiab. Thaum lub academy, nws siv rau xyoo kawm tricks ntawm cov lag luam tawm, thiab ua kom xyaum lub painters uas nws tej hauj lwm tau ua nws ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj zog lub tswv yim.

Nws thawj xib fwb mlom nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yog lub Karl Bryullov, thiab, raws li ntau critics, cov artist Nikolai GE twb kom meej meej los ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Thaum tau txais nyob rau hauv 1857 rau lub kev vam meej sau ntawv ntawm thesis txoj cai mus ncig teb chaws rau teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis ntawm lub Academy, nws sab laug Russia. Thaum lub sij hawm nws mus txawv tebchaws, nws tau mus xyuas Switzerland, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis thiab Ltalis.

Kev vam meej thiab paub

Nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, muaj ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog lwm tus ntawm nws cov mlom nyob rau hauv cov xyoo - A. Ivanov, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sketches rau biblical kawm, uas admired Nikolai GE. Txawv teb chaws, raws li ua ntej, nws devotes ib tug ntau lub sij hawm sau ntawv portraits. Ib tug ntawm nws feem ntau muaj kev vam meej tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1858 ib tug portrait sketch ntawm nws tus poj niam. Tab sis nws lub ntsiab ntsiab tseem biblical thiab classical kawm.

Nyob rau hauv 1861, tom qab rov qab los ntawm txawv teb chaws, Nikolai GE qhia tau hais tias tom ntej no exhibition ntawm lub Academy of Arts ntawm nws zaj duab xis tshiab "Hmo kawg", uas yog ib yam ntawm cov nov ntawm nqaij tawv. Txawm tias cov neeg uas nyiam kev txais tos ntawm cov pej xeem, censorship kho nws tsis tshua muaj neeg siab phem, accusing tus sau nyob rau hauv txhawb materialism thiab nihilism. Nws tau txawm tau txwv tsis pub kom ua ib daim ntawv ntawm nws.

Txhua yam hloov thaum lub canvas rau nws sau tej yuav huab tais Alexander II, uas tam sim ntawd ua tus artist ncha paub. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub Academy of Arts, paub lub siab esteem paintings thiab hnov solidarity nrog cov views ntawm huab tais, pib ceev mus txhawb kom Nikolai GE. Cov artist twb muab tsub lub title ntawm cov xibfwb.

Rov qab mus rau Ltalis

Miv yaug nrog kev vam meej thiab twb tau officially paub, cov artist GE Nikolay Nikolaevich nyob rau hauv 1864 rov qab mus rau Ltalis, qhov uas nws tsim ib tug ntau ntawm cov sketches depicting scenes los ntawm Phau Tshiab. Ib tug ntawm cov highlights ntawm lub Italian lub sij hawm yuav nws lub rooj sib tham nrog Herzen thiab ua hauj lwm rau nws portrait.

Peb yuav tsis txais tag nrho cov riskiness ntawm lub mus tom ntej, raws li Herzen sau npe raws li ib tug lub xeev criminal, ib tug tus khiav nkaum los ntawm kev ncaj ncees txawv teb chaws, thiab lub creation ntawm nws portrait yuav tau pom raws li ib tug nom tswv piav tes piav taw. Txawm li cas los, nws yog daim duab no, tua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv lub sij hawm - nyob rau hauv cia li tsib zaug - pom zoo raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv sau portraits. Rau cov poj chagrin ntawm Nikolai Nikolaevich, nws painting "heralds kev Sawv Rov Los," ib tug ua kom tiav thiab muab xa los tsev, tsis muaj kev vam meej nrog cov pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv 1869, cov artist rov qab mus rau Russia.

Xeem Petersburg lub sij hawm

Ntes tau nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm lawv lub neej, GE Allying yav tom ntej Peredvizhnik thiab yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm lawv cov thawj exhibition, uas qhib nyob rau hauv 1871. Nyob rau nws nws qhia tau hais tias cov pej xeem nws zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu nta Masterpiece "Peter kuv interrogates Tsarevich Alexei nyob rau hauv Peterhof." Cov painting tau raug lees paub tias ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, txawm nyob rau hauv lub artist lub studio twb yuav P. Tretyakov - tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab collector thiab philanthropist.

Nyob rau tom ntej no plaub lub xyoos siv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, cov artist tsim ib tug gallery ntawm portraits ntawm cov feem ntau tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia. Ntawm lawv, Turgenev, Nekrasov thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kuv pom lub teeb nws tsim ib tug sculptural portrait ntawm V. Belinsky.

Tawm mus tsev rau Ukraine

Nyob rau hauv 1875, Nikolai mus tas li yoojyim St. Petersburg thiab, muaj tau tsiv mus rau lub Ukraine, acquires ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv Chernigov xeev. Yog vim li cas rau nws lawm, tus neeg tshawb fawb ntseeg hais tias lub tswv yim dissatisfaction thiab cov ntaub ntawv cov teeb meem, aggravated los ntawm lub sij hawm. Thaum deb ntawm lub capital lub suab nrov Kye yuav luag tag tsis tu tsis tseg rau painting hoob kawm ntawv thiab tag nrho cog lus rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev ntseeg thiab morality. Tsuas yog huab xav tau forces nws tau coj mus rau txhuam thiab sau ntawv kev cai portraits ntawm lub zos nplua nuj.

Creative ascent nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub artist lub neej

Nyob rau hauv 1882, GE mus rau Moscow. Qhov no yog thaum pib ntawm ib tug tshiab muaj tswv yim mus qaum ntuj, cim los ntawm cov creation ntawm xws canvases li "Tawm ntawm Rooj Mov Kawg", "Yudas", "Yuav ua li cas yog qhov tseeb" thiab lwm yam hauj lwm nyob rau tug ntxhais. Ib tug ntawm nws lub xeem paintings rooj self-portrait, sau ib xyoo ua ntej nws tuag. Gay artist, uas nws biography yog zoo kev cob cog rua nrog nws ua hauj lwm, tuag rau hli ntuj 13, 1894. Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm, lub ntsiab muaj nqis ntawm nws tsev lag luam tej zaum yuav hu ua neeg uas xav tau qhov tseeb zog nyob rau hauv lub paintings nyob rau hauv lub Moo Zoo cov dab neeg. Qhov no Lavxias teb sab artist GE ua ib tug pab rau lub ntiaj teb kos duab.