Lub Circuit Court nta, hom kev lag luam thiab lub ntaus ntawv DC generator

electrification era pib tsis yog li ntawd ntev dhau los, thiab rau ib tug ob peb centuries tau kiag li hloov peb txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Saib ib ncig ntawm, peb txog qhov twg lub qhov muag ntog, yuav tsum mus ntsib ib co hluav taws xob tshuab. Cov neeg yuav accustomed mus rau lub sib txawv tshuab uas ua rau lawv yuav luag tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm uas lub illusion tshwm sim, tab sis yog nws yeej ib txwm tau. Tab sis saib qab daim ntaub thaiv uas hides los ntawm peb qhov hluav taws xob cov phooj ywg ntawm lub neej txoj kev. Cia peb txoj ntsiab cai thiab generator ntaus DC.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Hluav taws xob tau cai los ntawm lub ancient Greeks. Nws tau raug cai khoom teejtug uas yog amber nyiam sib txawv hais. Cov neeg xav tias qhov no magnetism xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv lub cob. Tab sis tom qab pom lub peev xwm thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv kom tau magnetism. Piv txwv li, lub iav los ntawm rubbing heev pib nyiam me me teeb hais: daim ntawv hais, plua tshauv thiab cov plaub mos mos. Yog li ntawd nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov magnetic cov nyhuv yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib co kev cai lij choj.

Tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo, lub tsab ntawm tus niaj hnub condenser, christened los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus inventor "Leyden thawv" tau raug tsim. Qhov no yooj yim mechanism yog tau noog tus nqi, uas thaum lub sij hawm twb xam tau tias yog ib hom ntawm cov kua, noo nrog khoom lub cev thiab tau ntws los ntawm ib tug lub cev mus rau lwm lub nyob rau ntawm ib astonishing nqi - rau ib tug ob peb mais nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub vib nas this.

Thaum ib tug atom tau qhib thiab nws cov Cheebtsam thiab cov tub ntxhais electrons, tag nrho cov poob rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov neeg tau to taub hais tias nws yog tus electrons thiab yog cov nqi uas tsim xws li inexplicable phenomena zoo li hluav taws xob ntswg. Tab sis, thaum nws yog tsuas yog zoo li qub nqi. Los ntawm thwmsim ntawm Faraday thiab Oersted originates hluav taws xob uas peb paub niaj hnub no. Lawv invented lub layout generator DC, ntaus ntawv thiab hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam yog ua raws li nyob rau tshwm sim ntawm lub electromotive quab yuam EMF.

Hluav taws xob hwj chim zog

Raws li dej ntws ntawm cov dej ntsiab lub attraction ntawm lub ntiaj teb, raws li cov them hais nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib ua rau lub next lub EMF. Qhov no quab yuam yog zoo txog rau magnetic phenomena, namely, muaj yog tsuas yog hloov flux generated los ntawm cov hlau nplaum. EMF yog tau mus ua hauj lwm xwb nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem, nyob qhov twg nws yog ib txwm muaj muaj free nqi. Co muaj cov cuab yeej no, thiab brine.

EMF yog ntau dua sai hloov cov kev siv ntawm electromagnetic vuag. Raws li yog lub npe hu, cov hlau nplaum muaj ob tug txhua lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas qhov txaus nws txawv nrog rau kev hwm rau tus neeg xyuas pib, tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv ib tug los yog lwm cov kev taw qhia. Zoo thiab tsis zoo nqi ntawm lawv tus kheej ua ib tug zog teb tias peb hu kev nyuaj siab, nws yog tus ntau, qhov ntau lub tag nrho fais them nyiaj ntawm cov tib polarity.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho hluav taws xob generator?

Tsim los tshuab uas muaj peev xwm hloov tej cov neeg kho tshuab quab yuam mus rau hauv hluav taws xob lub zog yog hu ua hluav taws xob generator. Hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab DC generator ntaus ntawv txuam nrog magnetism. Yog hais tias koj noj cov tas mus li magnet thiab tus ntoo khaub lig nws teb ntawm nro neeg xyuas pib, lub tom kawg nkaus li lub dag zog yuam uas forces yuav tawm mus nyob rau hauv ib tug coj, cov them hais - yog ib tug tam sim no. Cov tib yuav tshwm sim nrog ib tug ruaj ruaj xyuas pib thiab ib tug mus magnet.

Experimentally, zaum no pom tias lub qhov ntau ntawm cov tam sim no qhov ntau, qhov ntau:

• Lub magnetic flux ntawm tug ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
• hla ceev kab ntawm nro.
• Qhov ntev ntawm lub tam sim no-nqa ntawm tej.

Yog hais tias tus neeg xyuas pib tsiv mus tib seem rau hais tias muaj yog ib tug kwj, ces Induction nws tsis yog cai. Los ntawm no muab tau txoj kev cai nws sab tes xis, uas yuav pab kom peb to taub cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas tam sim no ntws. Thaum qhov chaw ntawm lub sab tes xis yog ib feem ntawm lub cev nrog rau nws txhais tes thiaj li hais tias nws muaj ib tug mob siab heev magnetic teb kab thiab loj ntiv tes yog bent thiab taw mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj zog ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, lub tshuav plaub ntiv tes yuav qhia rau tam sim no txoj kev. Cov magnet tsab ntawv tsa suab vector teb no yog qhia los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb.

Scheme ntawm lub elementary generator

Hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab tej yam yooj yim hom DC generator ntaus ntawv nram qab no: ncej ua los ntawm ib tug tam sim no kev cov ntaub ntawv uas haum rau lub qag thiab ua kev sib hloov ntawm cov hlau nplaum tug. Txhua free kawg ntawm tus ncej yog kev cob cog rua rau nws hu, muaj ib tug arcuate phaj hom. Ua ke hu roos vajvoog nraus nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab lus (collector). Cov semicircular rooj noj hu yog kev cob cog rua rau conductive caij nplooj ntoos hlav-loaded txhuam. Lawv hle lub tam sim no.

Nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw ncej nrog rau kev hwm mus hu taw qhia kom paub li ntawd hais tias cov kev tshuam ntawm txhua ib nrab nws cov nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm magnetic flux ntawm tus txhuam feem rau cov neeg raug kaw. Thaum lub ntsiab ntawm lub moj khaum yog lub sij hawm ntawm lub zog nrog lub kab ntawm - txhuam hu yog qhib nrog collector.

Yog hais tias txuas ib oscilloscope, nws yog pom hais tias cov DC generator apparatus thiab ntsiab cai ntawm lub lag luam yog xws li hais tias outputs lub alternating ib nrab-tsis nyob rau ntawm ib sab ntawm lub coordinate thiab hloov nws tus nqi los ntawm xoom mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws thiab rov qab mus rau zero. lawv repetition zaus nyob rau txoj kev sib hloov ceev rau ntawm tus ncej. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system yog mus nyob rau hauv ib tug kev taw qhia (ib qhov), tab sis muaj ib tug pulsating hom.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam thiab cov ntaus ntawv DC generator

Real qhov tam sim no generator yog cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau nyuab, txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm nws lub lag luam yog tib yam li sib tham saum toj no. Es tsis txhob ib tug ncej thiab ib tug khub ntawm semi-ncig hu nws muaj ntau tau thiab collector hu. Qhov no firstly pab txoj kev muaj peev xwm ntawm xws li ib tug tshuab, thiab tib ob, smoothes cov ripple tam sim no, txij li thaum ib kablus tsim ib tug ib nrab yoj uas, nyob rau kev tsim kom muaj ib leeg tsim tag nrho cov tam sim no. Xws li ib tug rotating system twb muaj npe thauj tog rau nkoj los yog rotor.

magnet generator no kuj hloov. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog ua los ntawm ib tug electromagnet muaj ib tug kauj thiab cov tub ntxhais. Siv cov hlau nplaum, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug loj sib nqus flux, uas yog tshaj lub hwj chim ntawm ib tug pa DC. Dhau li ntawm tus kom muaj nuj nqis uas txaus yuav muab tau yooj yim hloov. Lub taag ib feem npe stator generator.

Nyob ntawm seb lub hom kev lag luam ntawm lub tshuab thaum lub sij hawm kev sib hloov ntawm tus ncej, nruab nrab ntawm lub stator thiab lub rotor cai nram qab no dab:

1. Los ntawm lub generator yog tsis cob cog rua load. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tej tib lub lag luam lub armature ua kev sib hloov nyob rau ntawd EMF yog ntxias, tiam sis tsis muaj tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub winding, txij thaum lub Circuit Court yog tsis tau kaw.
2. DC generator, uas Circuit Court ntaus ntawv yog kev cob cog rua rau hauv Circuit Court ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub load hom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub armature tam sim no tsev thiab muaj ib tug tshiab tivthaiv - lub magnetic flux generated los ntawm cov armature (armature cov tshuaj tiv thaiv). Qhov no kwj tsiv nyob rau hauv ib lub tsheb uas yog counteracts lub ntsiab kab ntawm kev quab yuam generated los ntawm ib tug electromagnet. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, qhov tiag EMF yuav qis, piv txwv li lub generator hwj chim yog txo. Thiab ntau dua qhov lub load ntawm lub generator, lub zog yog npaum nyob rau hauv kov yeej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub armature thaum tus ncej rotates.

Yuav kom neutralize lub armature magnetic flux nyob rau hauv lub rotor Circuit Court muab thiaj li hu ua nyiaj windings uas tsim ib tug sib nqus flux uas weakens lub armature cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Hom generators uas tsim hluav taws xob lossi

Hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab DC generators ntaus ntawv txawv nyob rau hauv kev kawm tsav tsheb Circuit Court. Lawv yog:

• Magnetoelectric. Mus tas li hlau nplaum yog siv los tsim cov magnetic flux. Tej cov cav tov feem ntau tsis tshua muaj hwj chim, muaj ib tug high efficiency vim tsis muaj excitation losses nyob rau hauv lub windings. Lub disadvantage ntawm pab kiag li lawm nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj complexity.
• Generators nrog ywj siab tsav Circuit Court. Qhov no ntaus ntawv rau winding electromagnets yog powered los ntawm lwm fais fab mov: roj teeb los yog generator.
• Ib tug self-pog DC generators. Xws li pub rau cov electromagnets rau lawv tib yam thauj tog rau nkoj. Lub ntsiab mob rau nws tus kheej-excitation yog ib tug residual flux. Tus tsim lub ntsiab cai ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub generators thiab lub tswvyim ntawm lawv cov menyuamuas yog ib tug compounding, shunt thiab seriesnoy.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam ntawm lub generator thiab ib tug ntaus ntawv ntawm lub electric tsav

reversibility ntawm hluav taws xob cav hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tias ib lub peev xwm yuav hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib lub generator thiab vice versa. Tom qab tag nrho, ob qho tib si ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm siv lub EMF induction ua lub hauv paus rau lawv ua hauj lwm. Tsuas yog tus lub cev muaj zog rau lub rotor nkag hluav taws xob tam sim no, uas tsim magnetic flux repelled los ntawm cov stator magnet tug, ua muab lub zog.

Yog hais tias lub cev muaj zog ncej tig ntawm ib yam ceev nyob rau hauv lub windings ntawm lub armature ntxias EMF yuav pib ntws thiab lub induction tam sim no. Luag tsuas los ntawm cov thickness ntawm cov nyob ntawm tej ntawm lub armature winding. Thaum ib tug nyias hlau, ces tau txais ib tug ntau ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm xws li ib tug generator yuav tsis ua hauj lwm.

Qhov twg nws pom qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug tas mus li tam sim no qhov twg los?

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm muab daws kom tiav cov AC, dav siv ncaj qha tam sim no generator. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub lag luam, lub Circuit Court ntawm xws li ib tug tshuab yog indispensable nyob rau hauv lub hlau mills, nyob rau hauv high-power txhuas smelter nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub thauj lag luam units khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob locomotives, steamer ships. Yuav kom muab lub exciting windings ntawm Alternators nyob rau hauv fais fab nroj tsuag muaj kuj pab tau qhov chaw ntawm DC. Rau kev siv tsim dynamo tam sim no qhov. Lawv yuav pom nyob rau tsheb kauj vab, qhov uas lawv pub illuminating taws.

xaus

qhov polarity tam sim no generators zoo uas yuav ua kom muaj hluav taws xob rau ib lub txawv muab ceev. Lawv tsis tas yuav los mus tiv ib tug leej zaus, xws li, piv txwv li, AC generator, qhov twg nws yuav tsum tau 50 Hz. Cov cav tov yog heev yooj yim mus siv raws li lwm txoj kev los ntawm cov hluav taws xob, xws li cua generators.