Nikolay Gumilyov: biography. Creativity, xyoo ntawm lub neej, cov duab

Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich yug nyob rau hauv 1886 nyob rau hauv Kronstadt. Nws txiv yog ib tug tub rog hiav txwv kws kho mob. Tag nrho cov kuv thaum yau Nikolai Gumilyov, ib tug yees duab uas yuav tsum tau hais hauv qab no, muaj nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo. Nws twb kawm nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg thiab Tiflis. Nws thawj kwv huam kws sau paj lug Gumilev Nikolay sau nyob rau hauv kaum ob xyoos. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub tsab ntawm "Tiflis ntawv" thaum nws yog 16 xyoos.

Nikolai Gumilyov. biography

Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1903 lub tsev neeg rov qab mus rau Tsarskoye selo. Muaj lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug finishes kev kawm nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas nws tus thawj coj yog Ann. Lub raws taw tes rau hauv lub neej ntawm Koli los ua cuab kav nrog tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Symbolists thiab lub philosophy ntawm Nietzsche. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1903 rau yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug raws li ib tug schoolgirl Gorenko (tom qab Akhmatova). Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm high school nyob rau hauv 1906, Nikolai Gumilyov, biography uas yog heev tag nrho ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub tuaj xyoo, mus rau Paris. Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nws tau mus kawm kev qhuab qhia thiab tau ntsib nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov zajlus thiab artistic milieu.

Lub neej tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub chav xyaum tes taw

Sau los ntawm "Txoj Kev conquistadores" tau ua tus thawj printing los ua ke, uas tso tawm Gumilev Nikolay. Ib tug kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv yog, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, "ib tug sau ntawm thaum ntxov yaam puab paub," uas, li cas los xij, twb pom nws tus kheej raug lub cim suab, twb tsis siv cov duab ntawm ib tug siab tawv, lyrical, leeg conqueror. Yog tom qab nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nws yog sim muab ib tug "Sirius" magazine. Cov chav (thawj peb lub), cov kws sau paj lug sau nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Anatoly Grant thiab nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub npe - Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej yog ntawm kev txaus siab. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias, thaum nyob rau hauv Paris, nws xa xov xwm nyob rau hauv txawv khoom: "Rus" cov ntawv xov xwm, "Thaum Ntxov ntxov", "Tshuav" magazine.

mature lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv 1908 nws tso nws ob sau, tej hauj lwm ntawm cov uas twb mob siab Gorenko ( "Romantic paj huam"). Txij li thaum nws pib, thiab cov paub tab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug. Bruce, qhuas thawj phau ntawv ntawm cov neeg sau, teev, tsis yog tsis muaj Library, Kuv tsis yog yuam kev nyob rau hauv lub forecasts. "Romantic paj huam" ua xav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, zoo nkauj thiab muaj kuab heev. Los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1908 Gumilev rov qab mus rau nws teb koj chaw. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tau ntsib nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov zajlus lub ntiaj teb no ntawm St. Petersburg, ib qhov critic pib tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tsab ntawm "hais lus". Tom qab ntawd, nws kuj Gumilyov pib sau lawv tej hauj lwm.

Tom qab ib qho chaw twg mus rau lub East

Thawj mus txawv tebchaws los tim lyiv teb chaws coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 1908. Tom qab hais tias, Gumilev cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub capital, thiab tom qab ntawd pauv mus rau lub keeb kwm thiab Philology. Los ntawm 1909 nws pib active raws li ib tug ntawm cov organizers ntawm lub "Apollo" magazine. Nyob rau hauv no tsab kom txog rau thaum 1917. Nws yuav yog li ntawd yuav luam translations thiab kwv huam, raws li zoo raws li rau ib qho ntawm cov kab. Kaj txaus Gumilyov nyob rau hauv nws xyuas illuminates tus txawj txheej txheem ntawm cov thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Qhov kawg ntawm 1909 nws sab laug rau ib tug ob peb lub hlis nyob rau hauv Abyssinia, thiab nyob rau nws rov qab luam tawm ib phau ntawv, "Pearl."

Lub neej txij thaum 1911

"Kav Poets" nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm 1911 tau raug tsim, uas tau qhia nws tus kheej autonomy ntawm symbolism los tsim nws aesthetic kev pab cuam. "Tus Tub Loj Leeb" ENU suav hais tias yog thawj Acmeist paj huam. Nws twb muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug sau ntawm 1912 "Alien Ntuj". By lub sij hawm ntawm tus kws twb nyob ruaj khov lub koob npe nrov "Syndic", "Master", yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm paj huam. Nyob rau hauv 1913 Gumilev mus rau ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa. Thaum pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej Poet volunteered rau pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv 1915, lub "Sau ntawv cavalryman" tau luam tawm, ib tug sau ntawm "quiver". Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm, luam tawm nws sau tej hauj lwm "Gondla", "Vajtswv Me Nyuam". Txawm li cas los, nws patriotic impulses yuav sai sai no dhau, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntiav tsab ntawv, nws lees hais tias rau nws, kos duab yog saum toj no thiab teb chaws Africa, thiab kev tsov kev rog. Nyob rau hauv 1918 Gumilev nce mus txog nws dispatch raws li ib feem ntawm Hussars nyob rau hauv lub Expeditionary quab yuam, tab sis nyob qis qis nyob rau hauv London thiab Paris ua ntej caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Rov qab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv Russia, cov txawj sau ntawv pib mus ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug txhais lus, npaj cov epic ntawm Gilgamesh, cov kwv huam ntawm cov lus Askiv thiab Fabkis paj huam ntawm "lub ntiaj teb no Literature". Cov phau ntawv "Pillar ntawm hluav taws" yog lub xeem ib tso Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug twb nrog cov raug ntes thiab tua nyob rau hauv 1921.

Qhia qhov tseemceeb txog ntawm tej hauj lwm

Gumilyov tuaj koom lub Soviet ntaub ntawv raws li ib tug apprentice symbolist kws sau paj lug Valery Bryusov. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov tseeb nws tus kws qhia ntawv yog Innokentiy Annensky. Qhov no kws sau paj lug yog, inter alia, tus thawj coj ntawm ib yam ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv (nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo), nyob rau hauv uas nws kawm Gumilyov. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog lub tswv yim ntawm txiv neej kov yeej. Hero Gumilyov - muaj zog-willed, siab tawv heev. Thaum lub sij hawm, li cas los xij, nws cov paj huam yuav tsis txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus sau lub passion rau cov txawv txawv thiab muaj zog cwm pwm nyob. Gumilev ntseeg hais tias xws li cov neeg tsis yog dog dig, lub neej txhua hnub. Thiab nws pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub qub. Kuj muaj ntau, thiab feem ntau xav txog nws tus kheej tuag, tus sau yeej ib txwm pib nws nyob rau hauv ib tug halo ntawm heroism:

Thiab kuv yuav tsis mus rau tuag nyob rau hauv txaj
Thaum lub cai sau cim hom thiab tus kws kho mob,
Thiab nyob rau hauv ib co tsiaj qus kis,
Poob rau hauv dej tuab hmab.

Hlub thiab philosophy nyob rau hauv lub tom qab verses

Kuj muaj ntau ntawm nws tej hauj lwm Gumilev tau mob siab txoj kev xav. Nws cim nyob rau hauv txoj kev hlub lyric yuav siv sij hawm ib yam nkaus saib. Nws yuav ua tau ib tug ntxhais fuabtais los ntawm ib tug fairy taleas, lub legendary lover nto moo Dante zoo heev Iyiv poj huab tais. Ib tug kab kis tau los ntawm nws kos duab paj huam rau Akhmatova. Nrog nws tau txuam heev sis tsis ncaj, tham kev sib raug zoo, tsim nyog ntawm lawv tus kheej lub cuab ntxhiab ntawm tus tshiab ( "Nws", "Los ntawm qhoc chaw nkaum Zmiyov", "Tamer Tsiaj txhu" thiab thiaj on.). Lig Gumilyov lub paj huam qhia tus neeg sau txoj predilection rau philosophical yam. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv ib tug txaus ntshai thiab tshaib plab Petrograd, lub kws sau paj lug yog active rau creation studios rau cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yam, raws li rau lawv ib yam ntawm cov mlom thiab tus kws qhia ntawv. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm Gumilyov tawm ib co ntawm nws zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, uas muaj cov nqe lus hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm Russia, tib neeg lub neej, lub hom phiaj ( "Poob tram", "Lub txiav txim zoo sixth", "Nco", "Kuv txawj nyeem ntawv," thiab lwm yam).