Granite yog lub feem ntau heev heev nyob rau hauv lub continental ua kiav txhab magmatic sab pob zeb. Lub npe ntawm no zoo heev tej yam ntuj tso khoom yog vim nws ntxeem tau-grain qauv (los ntawm lub Latin granum -. "Lis"). Granite hais txog acidic hom vim lub fact tias nws muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm silicon dioxide - SiO2. Tsis tas li ntawd no caij muaj nyob rau hauv lub granite alkali, thiab magnesium, hlau thiab poov hlau. Qhov no pob zeb yog pom tias yuav tsum yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau check, khoom thiab check, nws ceev sib npaug zos rau 2600 kg ib cubic Meter. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb saib cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granite, raws li zoo raws li qhia rau koj txog cov uas twb muaj lawm classifications ntawm cov pob zeb qhia nws cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv.
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm granite thiab qhov chaw ntawm tshwm sim
Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov Granites raug tsim tshaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm geological keeb kwm tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no. Versions ntawm qhov suav hais tias ob breeds ntawm keeb kwm. Tus thawj hais tias granite yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub crystallization txheej txheem magmatic yaj. Raws li rau qhov thib ob lub hom phiaj, xam tau tias yog los ntawm peb lub pob zeb twb tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ultrametamorphism. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm siab, thaum tshav kub kub thiab dej nce los ntawm sib sib zog nqus khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov av, nqa granitisation txheej txheem. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm deposits ntawm no heavy-duty pob zeb, nrog rau cov US, Tuam Tshoj, Brazil, Scandinavia thiab Ukraine. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, muaj cov kuj nplua nuj tso ntawm no tej yam ntuj tso khoom. Nws yog tau nyob rau hauv tsib caug granite quarries, nrog rau cov Arkhangelsk thiab Voronezh cheeb tsam, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Feem ntau nyob ib sab mus hais tias ore deposits yog sib txawv, xws li tin, tooj liab, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum thiab cov hlau lead.
Xav txog hais tias ib feem ntawm lub granite. Feldspar thiab quartz
Raws li nws cov pej xeem, lub pob zeb no belongs rau polymineral, uas yog tsis muaj li ntawm ib zaug xwb tivthaiv, tab sis muaj ob peb. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab hais tias ua li tus granite yog Feldspar. Nws yog ib tug silicate mineral pab pawg neeg. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lub granite yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 50%, thiab ces tag nrho ntawm 60! Qhov no pob zeb-txoj kev mineral yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov poov tshuaj Feldspar (orthoclase, adular) thiab cov kua qaub plagioclase (oligoclase, bytownite, Labrador, thiab hais txog. D.). Ib qho tseem ceeb feem ntawm granite yog quartz - ib tug heev nyuaj pob zeb-txoj kev mineral feem coob ntawm cov igneous pob zeb. Nws qhia yog tsis ntau tshaj 30% ntawm tag nrho cov kev saib xyuas ntawm cov tsiaj. Embedding nws zoo li me me nplej ntawm vitreous. Nyob rau hauv lub natural lub xeev ntawm cov quartz yog tsis muaj kob, tab sis raws li ib lub pob zeb li ntawm granite yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov xim txawv - daj, liab, liab, ntshav, thiab thiaj li nyob ..
Tsaus-dawb lias minerals thiab lwm yam impurities nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm granite
Dhau li quartz thiab Feldspar, nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb muaj acidic thiab lwm yam inclusions. lawv feem ntau yuav tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 10% ntawm tag nrho cov. Nws biotite, lithium mica, muscovite thiab hornblende. Ib tug me me kev faib ua feem coj mus accessory - xws li apatite thiab zircon, thiab alkaline minerals - tourmaline, garnet thiab topaz. Yog li, peb soj ntsuam cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granite. Scheme illustrates pib kawm txog qhov no tej yam ntuj tso khoom.
hom ntawm granite
Nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov mineral thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granite, zoo tu qab tso ib co ntawm nws ntau ntau yam. Ib txoj kev ntawm qeb duas yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug feem pua ntawm cov plagioclase nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb. Cov nram qab no hom ntawm granite:
- alkali Feldspar (tsawg tshaj li 10% plagioclase);
- Granite nws tus kheej (los ntawm 10% mus rau 65% plagioclase);
- granodiorite (los ntawm 65% mus rau 90% plagioclase);
- Tonalite (tshaj 90% plagioclase).
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd qhov feem pua ntawm Feldspar, raws li ib lub hauv paus rau qhov txawv ntawm hom ntawm cov pob zeb coj nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov me mafic minerals. Raws li qhov no faib tawm, paub qhov txawv tej hom yug: Alaska - granite, tsis xws li ib tug maub-xim hlau thiab leykogranit - muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv. Ob-mica granite - yog, dhau li Feldspar thiab quartz, muscovite thiab biotite, thiab kuj muaj ib tug alkaline aegerine thiab amphibole.
Lub Khoos Loos Tsev nta ntawm yug
Yog lwm kev faib raws li nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv thiab textural nta ntawm hais tias lub pob zeb. Advantageously, granite muaj granular siv lead ua qauv, tab sis tej zaum nws porphyry. Lub ntuj ib puag ncig yog cov loj heev cov ntaub ntawv uas khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, yog tsim los ntawm lub cua txias ntawm magma. Vim lub fact tias nws freezes unevenly granite yog tsim muaj ib tug txawv qauv, xws li zoo thiab ntxhib. Piv txwv ntawm cov yav tas yog hu ua granite porphyry. Ib qho piv txwv granite porphyry pob zeb rapakivi tej zaum yuav ua ntxhib qauv (Finland). Nws muaj inclusions ntawm orthoclase qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tug hen lub qe.
coloring granite
Cov zaub mov uas ua tau lub granite tej zaum yuav pleev xim rau lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov xim. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws txiav txim cov xim ntawm cov pob zeb orthoclase. Cov feem ntau yog ib lub teeb grey xim nqaij daim tawv. Nyob rau hauv Russia, dav daim ntaub ntawv liab. Cov mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm granite nrog ci xim muaj Feldspar muaj hematite muaju, los yog - hlau oxide. Lawv muab lub pob zeb ib tug ntshav-liab Hawj txawm. Tsis tas li ntawd thoob plaws lub pob zeb daj, xiav thiab liab xim. Emerald Hawj txawm tsiaj tau txais vim ntsuab poov tshuaj Feldspar - amazonite. Tej zaum nrhiav tau granite txawv txawv iridescent xim. Nws tshwm sim vim Feldspar, muaj iridescence. Feem ntau nws yog oligoclase thiab labradorite muab ib tug zoo nkauj iridescent shimmer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog noticeable thaum txoj siav pob zeb. Ntawm no yog xws li ib nthuav cov ntaub ntawv uas, granite.
Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub pob zeb
Qhov no ntuj cov khoom siv muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kuj zoo kawg nta uas ua rau nws irreplaceable nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Ua ntej, granite yog check. Nws yuav pab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thaum tswj nws cov thawj tsos. Tej zaum nws yog hu ua los ntawm cov neeg "nyob mus ib txhis lub pob zeb," thiab tag nrho vim hais kiag li tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau nws tiam dhau ib tiam. Secondly, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib tug tsis tshua siab zog. Cov khoom ua los ntawm nws yog tsis raug rau koj hnav. Quartz - ib tug mineral muaj li ntawm granite - ua lub pob zeb no yog li ntawd muaj zog hais tias thaum nws tiav, sib tsoo thiab txiav uas siv ib lub kaw nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pob zeb diamond txheej. Peb, yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaj chaw ntawm granite yog nws kuj rau tej ib puag ncig influences, thiab acids. Nws tsis yuav tsum tau kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm oxidative thiab lub cev los. Tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm lub kub saum toj no 600 degrees, tej zaum nws yuav hloov cov qauv los yog ntes. Fourthly, granite yog resistant rau dej, nws yog zoo watertight, tsis nqus dej thiab yog tsis raug degradation vim nag lossis daus. Rau centuries, vaj tse thiab monuments uas ua los ntawm granite yuav khaws nws cov thawj tsos. Thiab thaum kawg, tsis yog tsawg kawg, uas granite yog harmless. Nws yog kev ruaj ntseg kiag rau tib neeg. Tag nrho cov zog ua qhov suav hais tias pob zeb nqi tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas.
Kev siv ntawm granite
Hais tias pob zeb yog dav siv rau kev tsim kho thiab tiling, raws li yog check, resistant rau tej influences thiab tshwj xeeb durability. Vim tus kuj mus puas thiab compression, nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv sab hauv thiab sab nraud kom zoo nkauj. Granite yog ib co resistant rau kis, ces nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua Handrails, stairs, txhua, txee, Qhov rai, bar tej txee. Feem ntau nrog granite fireplaces thiab chaw no yog ua los, vim hais tias nws yog resistant rau kub hloov thiab, thiab mus rau lub haum ntawm dej. Tus sab nrauv ntawm no ib yam tsiaj yog feem ntau siv raws li ib tug txojkev, masonry los yog tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas. Granite zeb blocks kis sidewalks, txoj kev thiab cov txuas hniav feem ntau luas Piers, quays kev thiab squares. Ua los ntawm granite ntseej, ceev cov phab ntsa, lawv adorn lub facades thiab phab ntsa ntawm vaj tse. Thiab qhov no ib yam tsiaj yuav siv tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov xim. Nyob rau hauv Russia, feem ntau siv los yog grey, dawb, liab thiab xim av ntau ntau yam. Tu siab, lub extraction thiab ua cov igneous pob zeb yog ib qhov nyuaj thiab kim, txawm li cas los, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas tsuj tsawg siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov pa vaj tse. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom uas tseem ceeb architectural nqi.
Architectural monuments ntawm granite
Tom qab kom sib tsoo granite nto yuav ib daim iav, thaum xav thiab absorbing teeb rays. Yog li ntawd, lub pob zeb zoo heev nplua nuj thiab impressive, nws yuav siv tau rau qhov siv thiab ua monumental sculptures thiab architectural compositions. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev zoo nkauj, elegance thiab durability ntawm granite yuav ua monuments, historic vaj tse thiab lug tsa nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov nyob rau hauv Russia. Tej granite qauv yog ntawm kev grandeur thiab monumentality, ciav lub tswv yim ntawm nws lub hwj chim thiab kev zoo nkauj.