Monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg thiab lwm yam Lavxias teb sab lub zos

Board Alexander 3 ntawd kub ntev li 13 xyoo. Nws tau raug hu los ntawm tus huab tais-tu plaub. Nws yog nws muab ib tug cai muab ntxiv rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub Trans-Siberian railway kab nyob rau hauv 1886. Nws suav hais tias lub patron ntawm Siberian railway. Nws to taub qhov tseem ceeb thiab tshwj xeeb xwm ntawm xws li ib tug kev tsim kho, thiaj li kom nws mus yuav pw los ntawm nws tus tub - yas None Nicholas. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1891 thaum lub Vladivostok pib ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub railway chaw nres tsheb.

npaj

Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus huab tais Alexander 3 thiab nws cov kev pab rau Russia, nws twb txiav txim siab los txhim tsa ib tug monument 3. Tus thawj ntawm cov - .. Thaum pib ntawm txoj kev khiav, piv txwv li nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, lub thib ob - tus nruab nrab ya Siberian nyob rau hauv Irkutske, thiab lub thib peb - qhov kawg threads, uas twb nyob rau hauv Vladivostok. Tab sis cov no cov kev npaj tseem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv xwb. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg muaj tsuas yog ib tug monument nyob rau hauv Irkutsk.

Tus thawj monument

Nws twb nrhiav tau rau lub sij hawm ntawm qhov tus kawm tiav ntawm lub Trans-Siberian Railway. Monument rau Alexander 3 muab tso nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ya ntawm no kuj zoo kawg khiav, Irkutsk, ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Angara dej, cia li hla kev loj (tam sim no Karla Marksa).

Qhov no twb preceded los ntawm lub All-Lavxias teb sab contest, raws li zoo raws li daim ntawv tso cai mus nce cov nyiaj rau nws cov creation thoob plaws lub teb chaws, raws li muaj tsis muaj xws li ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog monument rau cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj. Sib txeeb yeej Academician R. R. Bah. By lub sij hawm nws twb paub txog nws monument A. S. Pushkinu, teev nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo thiab monuments M. I. Glinke nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Mas Bach project xaiv vim hais tias ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws lub tswv yim yog tej yam yooj yim thiab pheej yig. Nws npaj siab yuav muab tso rau tsis yog ib tug monument rau Alexander 3, thiab nyob rau hauv kev zoo historic kev tshwm sim, Kojima yog tsim kho ntawm lub Trans-Siberian. Zuag qhia tag nrho, peb tes num tau pom zoo tam sim ntawd thiab tsis yuav tsum tau tej yam ntxiv cov kev hloov kho. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas yuav tsum tau hloov, yog li qhov loj ntawm lub daim duab ntawm huab tais. Nws twb tau nce los ntawm hais txog ib nrab ib Meter.

Hauj lwm ntawm lub monument nyob rau hauv Irkutsk

Alexander 3 twb qhia nyob rau hauv Ataman tus niaj hnub, nrog thoob plaws ris ntsaws rau hauv khau looj plab hlaub. Yog li ntawd feem ntau yog hnav khaub ncaws Siberian Cossacks. Monument qhov siab yog hais txog 5 m, thiab tag nrho ntawm lub kem yog hais txog 11 m.

Academician Bach tau muaj kev tswj los tsim ib qho tag nrho architectural thiab sculptural muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Siberia. Lub monument nws tus kheej cam khwb cia nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Lub facade ntawm lub monument ntawm tag nrho cov ces kaum dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab: ntau Siberian, Yenisei xeev, Irkutsk thiab Yakutsk nroog. Tag nrho cov dluab nyob rau heraldic shields. Lawv yog ua los nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ca struts. Ib tug piv txwv txog kev sib sau Siberia sawv cev garlands Circuit Court pov tseg ntawm caj npab.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau sab ntawm lub pedestal 3 nws tau nyob siab nyem mob siab rau Ermak Siberian thiab ob governors-general - N. N. Muravevu-Amur thiab M. M. Speranskomu. Pem hauv ntej tsis muaj tsev nyob ib ob tug taws dav dawb hau, tuav nyob rau hauv nws claws ib tug scroll nrog huab tais lub cai.

Monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Irkutsk twb qhib rau Lub yim hli ntuj 30, 1908. Cov laj kab yog rau nws tau ua tsuas yog tom qab 4 xyoo. Nws yog ib tug cam khwb cia hlau ntxaij ntoo dai kom zoo nkauj nrog floral designs, thiab cov duab Georgiya Pobedonostsa. Nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm granite tug ncej ntsia teeb. Peb tes num kuj muaj xws li lub tawg ntawm lub tiaj ua si nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob qhov twg yuav ua tau ib tug monument. Tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws cov creation pib ntev ua ntej qhib ntawm lub monument. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub Alexander Square, enjoyed zoo muaj koob meej ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm lub nroog thiab yog nws attraction.

kev puas tsuaj

Tu siab, tag nrho cov no zoo nkauj yog short-lived. Tom qab qhov kawg yeej ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj Revolution, nyob rau hauv 1920, thaum lub sij hawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm ntuj hnub, lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Irkutsk twb poob, tsuas yog cov pedestal. Tom qab ntawd, huab tais coj zoo nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev, qhov chaw uas lub East-Siberian Tsev khaws puav pheej. Nws twb tom qab melted.

Kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1964, lub pedestal yog npliag, tsis tau nws yog tsis hoisted lub pob zeb obelisk, tsim los ntawm tus naas ej vajtse VP Shmatkova. Thiab ua ntej uas, thaum lub sij hawm sib txawv, nws muaj rau muab cov ua hauj lwm saum cov Lenin thiab Shelikhov tab sis mus rau tes rau hauv rooj plaub yeej tsis mus txog. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm reconstruction ntawm lub nroog, ib feem ntawm cov Alexander vaj twb puas lawm.

reconstruction

Thaum pib ntawm no caug xyoo, peb pib xav txog qhov kho tshiab ntawm lub qub monument rau Alexander 3 raws li pre-revolutionary card nrog nws daim duab twb pom nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm lub zos tsev cia puav pheej. Nws yog rau nws thiab sketches ntawm tus tshiab bronze daim duab ntawm lub huab tais tau ua. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 2003, cov monument tau rau yav tas los daim ntawv thiab coj nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm lub qub txoj kev: Promenade thiab Grand.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub monument nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Lub monument yog commissioned los ntawm huab tais Nicholas 2 thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm nws muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg. Yuav kom ua tau txoj hauj lwm no, peb tau xaiv cov Italian sculptor P. P. Trubetskogo. Txij li thaum 1897 thiab tshaj tom ntej 9 xyoo, nws nyob rau hauv Russia. Tus heev qauv ntawm cov duab puab Troubetzkoy ua nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Rau lub hom phiaj no, lub pavilion ua tau ntawm hlau thiab iav. Nws twb nyob hauv lub Staro-Nevsky Prospect. Tag nrho cov sculptor tsim 14 qauv: 2 rau qhov loj ntawm lub monument, 4 full-size 8 thiab me.

Lub bronze pej thuam cam khwb cia raws li ib tug Italian-caster E. Sperati. Monument rau Alexander 3 muaj ob qhov chaw. Cov Thawj zaug ntawm lawv - lub daim duab ntawm lub huab tais - tau ua nyob rau hauv lub foundry K. A. Robekki. Qhov thib ob yog ib feem ntawm cov duab puab yog ib tug nees, uas raug nchuav ntawm lub Obukhov Hoobkas.

Saum toj no lub pedestal ua hauj lwm kws kes duab vajtse F. O. Shehtel uas carved nws tawm ntawm liab granite Valaam. Nws yog ntau tshaj li 3 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Nws twb carved inscription "huab tais Alexander III - tus tsim ntawm lub xeev-txhawb nqa Siberian Way."

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Trubetskoi yog chim rau Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich. Nws hais tias qhov no monument yog ib tug caricature ntawm nws tus tij laug. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sculptor tus tiv thaiv ua huab tais tus poj ntsuam, uas pom ib tug ntshiab portrait ntsis nrog nws lig tus txiv. Nws yog nws leej twg pab mus rau lub fact tias cov monument tau ua tiav. Thaum kawg, Tej zaum 23, 1909 ib tug monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg twb qhib nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb ceremony.

Txoj hmoo ntawm lub monument

Nyob rau hauv 1919, tom qab lub yeej ntawm lub Bolsheviks, nyob rau hauv pedestal khob qhov rooj kwv huam sau D. Tsis, nyob rau hauv lub title "Lub moj zeej." 8 xyoo tom qab, thaum zoo siab kaum xyoo ntawm kiv puag ncig, rau qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub monument rau lub cheeb tsam detained nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau tawb, thiab tom ntej no mus rau nws hoisted lub rauj thiab sickle nrog lub inscription "USSR".

20 xyoo tom qab ua kom tiav ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig thiab lub monument twb rhuav zoo rau nws. Kom txog rau thaum 1953 nws twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub vaults ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej, thiab ces nws khaws thiab muab tso rau hauv lub loog. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-90s, nws twb txiav txim siab tsiv lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nyob rau hauv lub Marble Palace, txoj cai nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws nkag, uas tam sim no nyob ib tug ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej, es lub monument. Tsis ntev dhau los, cov tub ceev xwm xav txog porting nws mus rau nws cov thawj qhov chaw, piv txwv li. E. Nyob uprising Square, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no yog tseem tos.

Monument rau huab tais nyob rau hauv Moscow

Ua hauj lwm rau lub monument ntawd kub ntev li rau yuav luag 12 xyoo, pib nyob rau hauv 1900. Saum toj no lub monument project ua hauj lwm, tsuas yog tus sculptor A. M. Opekushina, kws kes duab vajtse IB Pomerantcev li cov thawj ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse thiab engineer kos Greynert, lub luag hauj lwm rau zus tau tej cov hauj lwm. Rau nws cov kev tsim kho tau sau ntau tshaj li 2.5 million rubles, thiab nws yog ib tug colossal sum nyob rau hauv cov hnub.

Monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Moscow, qhib nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm May 1912, nyob rau Prechistenskaya waterfront, nyob rau hauv lub square nyob ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej. Lub ceremony nws tus kheej yog heev pompous. Nws twb tau mus kawm los ntawm tus huab tais Nicholas nrog nws tus poj niam thiab 2 tug me nyuam, tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub State Council thiab hauv lub Xeev Duma, generals, Admirals, koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub xeev cov thawj coj ntawm nom tswv cajceg, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau yam kev koom haum thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. et al.

Hauj lwm ntawm lub monument nyob rau hauv Moscow

Lub monument raug ua los ntawm bronze thiab depicts lub huab tais, zaum nyob rau hauv ib tug lub zwm txwv. Ntawm no nws yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov muaj koob muaj npe regalia, nrog rau cov orb thiab scepter nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, thiab ib tug crown nyob rau hauv nws lub taub hau, nrog lub xub pwg nyom ces muab pov tseg lawm porphyry, t. E. Tus mantle ntawm lub monarch, uas tau nqis los rau ib tug pedestal ntawm liab granite. Hauv qab daus ntawm lub pedestal dai kom zoo nkauj nrog plaub double-taws crowned dav dawb hau nrog outstretched tis, ua los ntawm cov bronze. Saum toj no lawv nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug sculptor A. L. Ober.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub monument rau Alexander 3 heev enriched cov kev khaub ncaws ntau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej. Tom ntej no mus cov pej thuam ntawm tus huab tais twb teem granite balustrade thiab zoo kawg li staircase ua rau cov dej.

Tu siab, qhov no zoo nkauj monument sawv xwb 6 xyoo. Nws puas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1918, thaum lub Soviet tsoom fwv tau tsiv mus rau Moscow. Tab sis tseem muab khaws cia tseg ib co ntawm nws cov duab. Monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Moscow yog tej zaum cov feem ntau majestic. Pedestal, sab laug tom qab nws puas tsuaj, sawv kom txog rau thaum 1931, thaum nws demolished thiab Yexus Khetos tus Cawm Seej Cathedral.

Monument nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov tsos ntawm lub nroog raug txiav txim los ntawm txoj cai ntawm huab tais Alexander yog 3 mus rau pib tsim kho ntawm lub Trans-Siberian Railway. Tus thawj railway kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Alexander tus huab tais. Ces nws tig mus rau lub nroog thiab nws renamed Novonikolayevsk li saib xyuas qhov kev siv ntawm lub Trans yav tom ntej huab tais Nicholas 2. Tam sim no nws yog ib tug niaj hnub nroog ntawm ib nrab lab.

Monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk muab tawm zoo nkauj grand - nws qhov siab nce mus txog 13 m Monument tsim nyob rau hauv lub picturesque ntug dej ntawm lub OB .. Nws yog ua los ntawm bronze thiab lub pedestal - los ntawm granite. Lub sab ib feem twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub inscription, coj los ntawm cov imperial rescript ntawm tus huab tais uas tsim kho ntawm lub Trans-Siberian pib. sau ntawm peb tes num yog cov neeg Artist ntawm Russia Salavat Shcherbakov.

Qhib ntawm lub monument rau Alexander 3 fij mus rau lub nroog hnub, uas ua kev zoo siab nws 119 xyoo. Lub ceremony pib thaum ib tag hmo los ntawm 23 mus rau 24 Lub rau hli ntuj 2012. Viewers tau hais cov duab thiab cov newsreels, qhia rau cov loj loj cov ntxaij vab tshaus. Lawv muaj siab rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub zos no. Nyob rau monument nws tus kheej Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk, thiab nws foundations muab hais txog 5 txhiab. Txiv neej. Kuv qhia no thiab lub great-tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Alexander 3, Pavel Kulikov, uas yog ib tug Danish pej xeem. Ua timkhawv pom hais tias nws resemblance mus rau lub Emperor yog heev loj.