Carbon monoxide

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tsis tiav combustion ntawm carbon los yog cov khoom uas muaj nws, nws cov ntaub ntawv carbon monoxide (CO) los yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Lwm yam lub npe rau qhov no lom tshuaj tsis muaj xim los yog tsis hnov tsw (nws yog tshwm sim los tsis yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide, organic tshuaj thiab impurities), - carbon oxide (II) los yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Nws ceev ntawm 0 ° C sib npaug zos rau 0,00125 g / cm³. Thaum ib tug kub ntawm Rho tawm 192 ° C kis los ntawm lub gaseous mus rau lub kua hauv lub xeev, thiab ntawm Rho tawm 205 ° C - khoom. Autoignition kub ntxiv 609 ° C. Oxide yog me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej (0.0026 g nyob rau hauv 100 ml), tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv chloroform, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ammonium hydroxide, benzene. Nws muaj ib tug hniav puas loj ntawm 28,0101 g / mol.

Tsis tas li ntawd monoxide kuj paub thiab lwm yam pa roj carbon oxides. Feem ntau ntawm no yog cov pa roj carbon dioxide los yog cov pa roj carbon dioxide (CO2), uas yog ua los ntawm ua kom tiav combustion ntawm carbon (dawb thiab bound). Nws yog ib tug tsis muaj kob roj nrog ib tug me ntsis qaub saj, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug tsw. Nws yog ib co soluble nyob rau hauv dej, li no txoj kev ua ib tug acidic carbon hydroxide CO (OH) 2 los yog carbonic acid H2CO3. Carbon suboxide (C3O2) yog ib tug lom roj tsis muaj xim, tab sis nrog ib tug ntse suffocating tsw. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus polymerize, thaum kawg mus ua khoom uas hais tias yog tsis soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab tsuas nyob rau hauv liab, daj los yog liab doog. Nws tseem muaj lwm carbon oxides uas yog tsis tau paub zoo thiab muaj ib tug linear los yog cyclic qauv. Qauv nyob rau hauv no series sib txawv los ntawm C2O2 rau C32O8. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd muaj yog ib tug polymeric yeeb tshuaj, xws li graphite oxide ntawd, ib tug qauv tsim ntawm C thiab O ntsiab thiab tus naj npawb ntawm tag nrho ob qho atoms tej zaum yuav txawv.

Carbon monoxide tau los ntawm ib nrab oxidation ntawm cov pa roj carbon (a shoestring) rau cov pa roj carbon pa roj. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam ntawm lub cub tawg los nrog combustion engine nyob rau hauv ib tug uas xa tuaj nrog qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen, carbon monoxide hlawv xiav nplaim tsim carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2. Coke (los yog thee) cov roj, uas yog dav siv rau 60s ntej xyoo pua rau sab hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo, ua noj ua haus thiab cua sov, muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg mus txog rau 10% cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Txij li thaum lub combustion ntawm CO, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub, xws roj yog ib tug tseem ceeb roj tivthaiv. Ib txhia dab nyob rau hauv niaj hnub technologies (e.g., npua hlau) yog tseem nrog cov tsim ntawm xws li ib tug los ntawm-cov khoom, xws li carbon monoxide. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj plaws qhov chaw ntawm carbon monoxide ntuj keeb kwm yog photochemical tshua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub troposphere thiab generating txog 5 • 1012 kg ib xyoo. Lwm yam tej yam ntuj tso los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog volcanoes, hav zoov hluav taws kub, thiab lwm yam combustion dab.

Los ntawm cov tshuaj taw tes ntawm view, nws yog yus ib tug carbon monoxide kom txhob muaj zog thiab ib tug ib txwm mus tas li ntawd tshua. Tab sis cov no ob tendencies muaj qhia tsuas yog nyob rau txhawb kub uas carbon monoxide yuav kev cob cog rua nrog tej co, tshuaj chlorine ua, oxygen thiab sulfur. Cov hlau no yog siv peev xwm ntawm lub substance los ntawm cua sov yuav rov qab tau ntau co rau oxides. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj generated phosgene roj: CO + Cl2 ↔ COCl2. Nws yog ib yam tshuaj lom, siv nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis, yuav maj mam decomposed nrog dej raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab zauv: COCl2 + 2H2O → H2CO3 + 2HCl.

Carbon monoxide yuav tau ncaj qha txuas ntawm txhawb kub thiab siab rau tej co tsim hlau carbonyls uas yog txoj tebchaw: Ni (CO) 4, Mo (CO) 6, Fe (CO) 5 thiab lwm tus neeg. Carbon monoxide (II) yuav reacted nrog ammonia nyob rau catalyst (thoria ThO2) nyob rau hauv 500 ° C nrog cov tsim ntawm hydrogen cyanide: CO + NH3 HCN + H2O →.

Carbon monoxide yog tshuaj lom rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Toxic thaj chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide vim nws muaj peev xwm yuav hnov mob irreversibly nrog hemoglobin nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, li no poob lub peev xwm mus nqa oxygen mus rau lub hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos ntawm lub cev. Hais tias yog, los hypoxia hematic hom. Txwv tsis pub, nws yog hu ua (vim qis oxygen peev xwm ntawm cov ntshav) cov ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd carbon oxide (II) koom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, puas tabkaum hauv lub cev nqaij biochemical tshuav nyiaj li cas. Ib qho yooj yim lom nrog mob taub hau, khob qhov temples, kiv taub hau, hauv siab mob, thiab ib tug hnoos qhuav, los kua muag, xeev siab, ntuav, qhov muag pom thiab hnov hallucinations, reddening ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week, tachycardia, ua lub siab. Nyob rau hauv loj tsawv nkees nkees thiab poob lawm (thaum tswj nco qab) lub cev muaj zog tuag tes tuag taw. Loj lom yog yus muaj los ntawm cov tsos mob xws li dilated cov menyuam kawm ntawv, tsis nco qab, convulsions, coma, ua pa tsis ua hauj lwm, tsis paug quav thiab zis, blue daim tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week. Tuag no tshwm sim vim lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thiab ua tsis taus pa.