Megalithic lug: hom thiab hom

Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm teb chaws Australia, muaj ntau ntau yam mysterious thiab ancient tsev. Niaj hnub nimno cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias lawv tau raug ua nyob rau hauv lub Neolithic, Chalcolithic thiab Bronze muaj hnub nyoog. Yav tas los nws twb xav hais tias tag nrho cov ntawm lawv sawv cev rau ib qho kab lis kev cai, tab sis hnub no ntau thiab ntau zaum yog raug rau no ziag no mus rau hauv nqe lus nug. Yog li ntawd, leej twg thiab yog vim li cas cov megalithic lug muaj tsim? Yog vim li cas yog lawv tsis muaj qhov no los yog hais tias daim ntawv thiab hais tias txhais li cas? Qhov uas koj yuav saib tau lub monuments ntawm ancient kab lis kev cai?

Yuav ua li cas yog lub megaliths?

Ua ntej xav tias yuav thiab kawm megalithic lug, koj yuav tsum to taub dab tsi hais lawv tej zaum yuav muaj. Niaj hnub no yog pom tias yuav tau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws chav tsev ntawm xws designs megalith. Lub sij hawm twb officially muab tso rau hauv scientific terminology nyob rau hauv 1867, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm lus Askiv cov kws A. Herbert. Lo lus "megalith" Greek, txhais tau tias "loj pob zeb" yog txhais mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab.

Leej thiab exhaustive txhais ntawm yog dab tsi megaliths, tsis tau muaj tshwm sim. Niaj hnub no los ntawm cov sij hawm no yog meant ancient tsev ua los ntawm pob zeb blocks, daim hlau los yog yooj yim nais ntawm ntau ntau thiab tsawg tsis muaj siv tej tsevneeg los yog cementing compositions thiab cov kev daws. Qhov yooj yim daim ntawv ntawm megalithic lug, muaj raws ntawm tsuas yog ib unit - nws menhirs.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov megalithic lug

Thaum sib txawv lub sij hawm sib txawv haiv neeg tsa loj loj Siv ntawm pob zeb loj loj, blocks thiab slabs. Tuam tsev nyob rau hauv Baalbek thiab cov pyramids ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws kuj megaliths, lawv cia li tsis raug txais thiaj hu ua. Yog li, lub megalithic lug - ib tug ntau yam ntawm designs uas tsim los ntawm ntau yam ancient civilizations thiab muaj li ntawm pob zeb loj loj los yog slabs. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov vaj tse uas pom tias megaliths, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta, lawv koom:

1. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog ua los ntawm lub pob zeb, blocks thiab slabs giant loj, me, hnyav uas yuav yog los ntawm ob peb lub kaum ntawm kilos mus rau pua pua ntawm tons.

2. Cov ancient megalithic lug tau ua los ntawm khov kho thiab resistant mus puas pob zeb: limestones, andesites, basalts, diorites thiab lwm tus neeg.

3. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub MAAs yog tsis siv xwb - yog nyob rau hauv cov kua rau kho los yog rau qhov siv thiab ua blocks.

4. Feem ntau ntawm cov vaj tse rau qhov chaw ntawm lub blocks ntawm uas lawv muaj, ua tib zoo xyuas thiab qog lawv tus kheej haum nruj nreem rau txhua lwm yam. Cov raug yog xws li hais tias ntawm ob megalithic blocks ntawm volcanic pob zeb yuav tsis lo ib rab riam hniav.

5. Feem ntau cov tseem muaj sia nyob tawg tsam ntawm megalithic vaj tse ntawm tom qab civilizations siv raws li lub hauv paus rau lawv lub vaj tse, raws li tau pom nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev Mount nyob rau hauv lub nroog Yeluxalees.

Thaum lawv muaj tsim?

Feem ntau ntawm megalithic chaw nyob nyob rau hauv lub UK, Ireland thiab lwm yam Western European lub teb chaws hnub rov qab mus rau V-IV txhiab BC. e. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm peb lub teb chaws feem ntau ancient megalithic lug mus rau lub IV -II txhiab BC

Hom megalithic lug

Tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm megalithic lug yuav conditionally muab faib ua ob pawg:

• burial;
• tsis muaj ntees tuag:
• profane;
• dawb ceev.

Yog hais tias faus megaliths yog ntau dua los yog tsawg ntshiab, ntawm no yog lub sij hawm hais lus dev lug, xws li ntau yam suav giant phab ntsa thiab txoj kev, kev sib ntaus los thiab thaj yees, tus neeg tshawb fawb xav. Tsis muaj tseeb thiab txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv txog yuav ua li cas siv lub ancient cov neeg dawb huv megalithic lug: menhirs, cromlechs thiab lwm tus neeg.

Yuav ua li cas yog lawv?

Feem ntau hom megaliths yog:

• menhirs - ib, mas muab pob zeb-stele mus txog 20 meters siab;
• Dolmen - ib tug union ntawm ob peb yam ntawm cov coob menhirs nyob ib ncig ntawm, txoj kev ua ib lub voj voog los yog lub vajvoog;
• dolmens - lub feem ntau ntau daim ntawv ntawm megaliths nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, muab ib los yog ntau tshaj loj pob zeb slabs pw rau ntawm lwm yam boulders thiab boulders;
• Qab khav yog phab - ib yam uas dolmenov interconnected;
• trilit - pob zeb qauv uas muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj ntsug thiab ib tug tso rau sab saum toj ntawm lawv horizontally, pob zeb;
• Taula - kev siv ntawm cov pob zeb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ntawv "T";
• cairn, kuj hu ua "cairn" los yog "mus ncig xyuas" - underground qauv los hauv av, nteg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug lub khob hliav qab ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm lub pob zeb;
• pob zeb kab - yog teem mas thiab thaum uas tig mus blocks ntawm cov pob zeb;
• seid - pob tsuas pob zeb los thaiv, los yog lwm yam uas tsim los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug kev qhov chaw, feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm ib kom txoj hauj lwm, rau ntau yam ceremonies paub tsis meej.

Cov no tsuas yog lub feem ntau zoo-paub hom megalithic lug. Cia peb nyob rau ib txhia ntawm lawv.

Dolmen

Txhais los ntawm Breton mus rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus txhais tau tias "pob zeb rooj". Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws muaj peb lub pob zeb, ib tug ntawm cov uas dag nyob rau hauv ob mas mounted nyob rau hauv ib tug "U" tsab ntawv. Ancient cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm xws lug tsis adhered mus rau tej tib tswvyim, yog li dolmens variants nqa txawv zog - ib tug ntau. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws megalithic lug ntawm no hom muaj nyob rau ntawm lub Mediterranean thiab Atlantic coasts ntawm teb chaws Africa thiab cov teb chaws Europe, Is Nrias teb, Scandinavia, lub Caucasus.

Trillo

Ib tug subspecies ntawm lub Dolmen, muaj raws ntawm peb lub pob zeb, zaum ntseeg trilit. Feem ntau, xws sij hawm no tsis muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug nyias nyob megalithic thiab cov monuments yog ib feem ntawm ntau lug. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug lub npe hu megalithic complex li Stonehendge central ib feem muaj tsib trilitov.

cairn

Lwm yam ntawm megalithic Siv yog ib tug cairn, los yog ncig saib. Qhov no lub khob hliav qab-zoo li tus pov toj ntawm lub pob zeb, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv Ireland nyob rau hauv no lub npe xwb los to taub lub qauv ntawm tsib lub pob zeb. Lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv scientific voj voog nyob rau hauv lub cairn feem ntau koom nrog megalithic lug nyob rau hauv lub hauv av: mazes, qhov thiab sam lag.

menhirs

Tus hlob thiab nyuaj daim ntawv ntawm megalithic - menhirs. Qhov no ib txheej mas loj heev boulders los yog pob zeb. Los ntawm cov ib txwm, tej yam ntuj tso boulders menhirs txawv nto nrog ib co kua nplaum ntawm tuav thiab lub fact tias lawv ntsug dimension yog ib txwm ntau dua qhov kab rov tav. Lawv yuav tsum yog freestanding los yog ib feem ntawm lub complex ntawm megalithic ceg.

Nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, menhirs thiab zoo li tus ntses hu ua Vishaps. Nyob rau lub Iberian ceg av qab teb, nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog tam sim no Fabkis, nyob rau hauv Crimea thiab Dub hiav txwv cheeb tsam tseem zoo nkauj npaum li cas anthropomorphic magalitov - pob zeb sculptures.

Postmegaliticheskimi menhirs kuj tsim npaum li cas tom qab runic pob zeb thiab pob zeb crosses.

cromlech

Ob peb menhirs teev nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog los yog voj voog thiab lub saum toj them nrog pob zeb slabs, hu ua cromlechs. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws piv txwv - Stonehenge. Txawm li cas los, lwm yam tshaj li puag ncig, lub thiab muaj cov cromlechs, xws li nyob rau hauv lub Morbihan los yog Khakassia. Nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Malta, cromlechs tuam tsev ceg ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "tej nplaim". Yuav kom tsim cov megalithic lug siv tsis tau tsuas yog pob zeb, tab sis kuj ntoo, uas twb paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm kev tshawb pom tau thaum lub sij hawm archaeological chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub English county ntawm Norfolk.

"Tus khiav nkaum pob zeb Lapland"

Cov feem ntau megalithic Siv Russia, coj txawv txawv raws li nws yuav sound - Sejdiu - lossis loj boulders, mounted rau ib tug me me kev muag zaub. Tej zaum qhov yooj yim pob decorates ib tug los yog ob peb me me pob zeb stacked nyob rau hauv ib tug "pyramid". Qhov no zoo ntawm megaliths ntau los ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Onega thiab Ladoga pas dej los rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Barents hiav txwv, uas yog, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sab qaum teb ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm Russia. Nyob rau lub Kola ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv Karelia tshwm sim seids loj los ntawm ob peb kaum centimeters mus rau meters thiab ib tug luj ntawm dozens ntawm kilograms mus rau ob peb tons, nyob ntawm seb lub pob zeb los ntawm qhov uas lawv tau ua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab North, heev heev ntawm qhov no zoo ntawm megaliths pom nyob rau hauv lub taiga cov cheeb tsam ntawm Finland, lub sab qaum teb thiab hauv paus Norway, cov Swedish roob.

Seydy tej zaum yuav ib, tej thiab luj, muaj los txog kaum mus rau ob peb puas megalithic.