Lub adaptation rau cov sib ntaus ntawm cov noog: tej yam tshwm sim. Yuav ua li cas noog tau nruj heev heev rau lub davhlau

Feem ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov noog mastered rau lub av-huab cua ib puag ncig. Adaptation ntawm cov noog ya vim lub peculiarities ntawm lawv sab nraud thiab sab hauv kev teeb tsa. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav xav txog cov yam nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm cov noog kom hloov mus rau hauv lub davhlau

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau feathered tswv huab cua puag ncig yog:

- plaub;

- kev hloov kho ntawm lub forelimbs rau hauv phab tis;

- sov-blooded;

- sib cev pob txha;

- nyob rau ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pob txha - lub keel;

- ob chav ua tsis taus pa ;

- zog hnyuv;

- lub qhaj ntawv ntawm ib tug zes qe menyuam nyob rau hauv cov maum;

- zoo-tsim lub paj hlwb.

Cov yam ntxwv nta piv txwv li no yuav ua li cas cov noog siv tau rau lub davhlau.

Tus qauv ntawm lub cev pob txha

Yooj yim yuj siab rau cov noog no yog ua tau feem ntau ua tsaug rau lub teeb cev pob txha. Nws yog tsim nyob rau cov pob txha tsis pub dhau uas yog pneumatic kab noj hniav. Lub ntsiab departments ntawm cov noog lub cev pob txha yog cov pob txha taub hau, tus txha nqaj, lub duav rov sauv sab sauv thiab sab extremities thiab nqua dawb lawv tus kheej. Muaj ntau cov pob txha fused ua ke, muab lub dag lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov "tsim". Ib tug txawv feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm cov noog lub cev pob txha keel. Qhov no yog ib qho kev pob txha uas yog txuas rau cov nqaij ntshiv, uas ua rau lub zog ntawm cov tis. Nws yog cov yam ntxwv tsuas yog rau cov noog.

ntaub thaiv

Nta noog kom hloov mus rau hauv lub davhlau yog lom zem ntau vim lub peculiarities ntawm lub integument. Noog yog tus tsuas yog pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tsiaj uas nws lub cev yuav them nrog plaub. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav grouped rau hauv peb pawg. Tus thawj yog hu ua tus "contour". Ua tsaug rau lawv, cov noog lub cev yuav streamlined. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub cev thiab lawv cov functions yog contoured tis coverts, sib ntaus thiab tus Tsov tus tw. Lawv npog lub cev, txoj kev ua qhov nkhaus ntawm lub tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw. Tsis hais txog ntawm daim ntawv no, txhua tis muaj ib tug central feem - ntawm lub pas nrig, lub ntau dua ib feem ntawm uas yog pov tseg webs tsim los ntawm tus thawj thiab thib ob barbs txog tus nqe tauj. Lub sab feem yog hu ua ib tug liab qab cwj mem quill.

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg yog sawv cev los ntawm plaub plaub. Lawv beards devoid ntawm hooks, li ntawd, lub vanes tsis txuas, thiab yog free. Qhov thib peb hom - nws yog fluff. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm nws cov qauv yog ntxuav barbs uas nyob rau ntawm ib kawg ntawm ib tug beam yog xav truncated quill.

Nyob rau cov piv txwv ntawm Plumage nta yooj yim mus saib yuav ua li cas noog tau nruj heev heev rau lub davhlau. Nws muab thermal kev cai, thiab txiav txim seb cov xim, tau muaj zog nyob hauv cov huab cua. Incidentally, cov xim ntawm cov noog yuav ua li nkaum los ntawm txhom, raws li zoo raws li ib tug ntawm cov ces sawv daws tus cwj pwm.

warm-blooded

Qhov no adaptation rau cov sib ntaus ntawm cov noog tseem ceeb heev. Warmblooded implies ib qhov lub cev kub ywj siab ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li yog lub npe hu, nrog lub qhov siab ntawm cov huab cua kub dauv ho. Thiab yog hais tias tus noog twb txias-blooded xws li ntses los yog amphibians, lawv tsuas yuav khov thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau. Qhov no feature yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no ntawm cov kab mob no vim cov hnyav qauv ntawm cov circulatory system. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ob plaub-chambered lub plawv thiab ncig. Yog li ntawd, venous thiab arterial ntshav tsis sib tov, thiab nkev pauv ntawm tshuaj yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw heev sib.

lwm cov qauv

Noog lub cev yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub qhov chaw hauv qab no: ib lub taub hau, ib tug movable caj dab, lub cev, tus Tsov tus tw thiab nqua. Nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ob lub qhov muag, qhov ntswg thiab kaus ncauj, them nrog horn npog. Uas ploj lawm hniav ua lub pob txha taub hau txawm yooj yim. Tawv muag daj tsis txawj ob lub qhov muag, lub cornea yog moistened los ntawm txoj kev blinking week.

Lub ntsiab lub cuab tam ntawm cov noog ya, yeej Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv cov hloov ntawm lub sab sauv nqua. Lawv hloov mus rau hauv tis. Ob Txhais Ceg - qis nqua, feem ntau them nrog horny teev. Qhov no yam ntxwv feature muaj nyob rau hauv cov noog los ntawm lawv cov pog koob yawg koob - cov tsiaj reptiles tsiaj. Claws uas nyob rau ntawm lawv cov ntiv taw thiab pab tus noog khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj them yug proverhnosti.

Lub sab hauv qauv ntawm cov noog

noog adaptation rau davhlau reflected nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov feem ntau ntawm cov hauv nruab nrog cev.

Lub digestive system yog sawv cev los ntawm lub qhov ncauj, txoj hlab nqos mov, txoj kev ua ib tug extension - goiter. Muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus yog raug ntxiv enzymatic kho mob, nws yuav mos mos thiab ceev ceev nqis. Tom ntej no cov khoom noj khoom haus nkag mus rau hauv lub plab, uas muaj ob pawg: ib tug glandular thiab npag, thiab ces - nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv. Nws yuav qhib tawm ib cloaca. noog hnyuv no ncua li piv rau lwm yam tsiaj. Qhov no qauv kuj ua rau lawv sib zog cev. Undigested zaub mov residue tsis nyob twj ywm ntev nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv thiab yuav tsum tau tso tawm los ntawm lub cloaca txawm thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau.

Adaptation ntawm cov noog ya yuav tsum havzoov nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub paj hlwb. Tsaug rau nws kev loj hlob, cov tsiaj yog sufficiently ntshiab pom xim, uas tso cai rau next nyob rau hauv cov huab cua tau yooj yim, txawm nyob rau ib tug ncaj high altitude. Zoo-ua tau hauj lwm thiab lub rooj sib hais. Thiab ua tsaug rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cerebellum, nyob rau theem siab tshaj plaws yog, thiab ua kom sib haum ntawm taw. Noog teb sai sai, thaum nce txaus ntshai los yog mus yos hav zoov.

Compact - ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lub tsev me nyuam system. Noob qes caug yog me me, taum-zoo li tus. Lawv qhib lawv cov ducts ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub cloaca. Cov maum muaj tsuas yog ib zes qe menyuam. Qhov no qauv ua tus luj ntawm lub noog yog me npaum li cas. Ovum gonadal tsiv raws oviduct, qhov twg fertilization tshwm sim thiab tus txheej txheem, lub qe yog them nrog shells thiab calcareous plhaub. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm lub cloaca los.

ua tsis taus pa cwj pwm

noog kom hloov mus rau hauv lub davhlau muaj kev txhawj xeeb thiab ua pa system. Tom qab intensive npag ua hauj lwm system yuav tsum tau ib tug tas mus mov ntawm oxygen mus rau cov nqaij thiab kabmob. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau huab cua-ua tsis taus pa nyob rau hauv cov noog muaj ntxiv lub cev - cov huab cua hnab. Qhov no ntxiv cua reservoirs nrog ib tug txaus loj loj ntim. Yog li ntawd, cov noog ua tsis taus pa tseem hu ua ib tug coj.

Adaptation ntawm cov noog rau lub cheeb tsam

Nta lwm qauv yog feem ntau hloov nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse. Piv txwv li, lub woodpecker nyob rau hauv hav zoov muaj ntse claws. Nrog lawv pab, nws tsiv lub ceg ntawm cov ntoo, leaning ntawm tus Tsov tus tw nrog txhav plaub. Lub kaus ncauj ntawm no noog zoo li ib tug txaug. Los ntawm kev siv nws, raws li tau zoo raws li nrog ib tug ntev nplaum tus nplaig nws yuav siv sij hawm kab thiab kab ntawm cov tawv ntoo, noob los ntawm cones.

Noog - lub inhabitants ntawm lub pas dej kuj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb cov cuab yeej. Qhov no luv luv qis nqua nrog ua luam dej week, tuab plaub, oiled dej-repellent daim card tshwj xeeb qog. "Tau mus nrog nws" - qhov no hais tias yog lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho, nws nyob vim lub peculiarities ntawm lub neej ntawm Waterfowl.

Lub inhabitants ntawm qhib qhov chaw - steppes thiab deserts, muaj kev tiv thaiv coloration ntawm feathers, muaj zog heev ob txhais ceg thiab zoo heev tsis pom kev.

Noog ntug dej hiav txwv - tus tswv gliding davhlau. Albatrosses, seagulls thiab petrels tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm muaj zog thiab ntev tis. Tab sis lawv muaj ib tug luv luv tus Tsov tus tw. Tag nrho cov no tso cai rau lub nqaum inhabitants rau ntses ncaj qha los ntawm cov huab cua.

Yog nws tau mus pom lub prey ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog rau ib txhiab meters? Rau noog of prey nws tsis yog yooj yim heev. Liaj, dav, dav dawb hau - kaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg. Lawv muaj ib tug loj nkhaus kaus ncauj, uas lob thiab tsim kua muag khoom noj khoom haus. Ib tug haib ntse claws tawm tsis muaj caij nyoog ntawm txoj kev khiav. Txhom tau rau ntab nyob rau hauv cov huab cua rau ib ntev lub sij hawm vim lub sab heev tis. Thiab cov neeg uas mus yos hav zoov thaum hmo ntuj, ntxiv muaj ntse lub zeem muag thiab zoo meej lub rooj sib hais. Piv txwv li, lub owls.

Tsis tag nrho cov noog ya

Tsis tag nrho cov neeg ntawm cov hoob kawm no yuav tau mus ya. Piv txwv li, lub penguins yog zoo heev swimmers, lawv sab sauv nqua hloov mus rau hauv flippers. Tab sis ya cov noog tsis paub yuav ua li cas. Lawv muaj ib tug keel, tab sis ib tug ntau ntawm qhov ceeb thawj tsis tso cai rau lawv mus yuj siab mus rau hauv lub cua. Ib tug tuab txheej ntawm roj thiab tuab Plumage yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub neej nyob rau hauv lub hnyav tej yam kev mob ntawm sab qaum teb.

Superorder combines qaib ntxhw emu, kiwi, cassowary, rhea. Cov noog keel uas ploj lawm. Thiab cov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub davhlau yog compensated los ntawm ceev ceev khiav. Qhov no muaj peev xwm cawm cov noog nyob rau hauv lub nras ntawm teb chaws Africa.

Feem coob ntawm cov niaj hnub noog zoo kawg nkaus yoog mus sib ntaus, thiab tej vaj tse. Lawv nyob hauv lub None, dej thiab coasts, steppes thiab deserts.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov noog ciav nyob rau hauv lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg, yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov thiab tib neeg lub neej, thiab tus yam ntxwv nta ntawm cov qauv no yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov muaj peev xwm ya.