Lub xeev typology

Typology ntawm lub xeev thiab txoj cai lij choj yuav nqa tawm raws li nyias kev, nyob rau hauv raws li ib tug los yog lwm yam kev taw qhia. Kom txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav, lub tsuas yog ib qho nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm thiab scientific ntaub ntawv muaj cov chav kawm ntawv-formational kev taw qhia. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov typology ntawm lub xeev nqa tawm nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub economic system nyob rau hauv ib chav kawm ntawv zej zog, qhov xwm ntawm tus kev sib raug zoo (siv tsis raws cai los yog tsis-exploiting). Nws yog, yog li ntawd, ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws set ntawm cov nta uas yog xam qhovkev rau hauv lub cev suab txom nyem tsim.

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev nom kev tswv thiab kev cai lij choj cov tswv yim tau tsim, thiab lwm yam kev uas ua lub typology ntawm lub xeev. Piv txwv li, Jellinek xav hais tias, txawm tus nruam transformation thiab kev loj hlob, nws yog tau mus nrhiav kom tau tej yam causal indications. Lawv yuav muab kev State (los yog pab pawg neeg) rau nws cov keeb kwm tag nrho sijhawm txog nws rau ib hom. Jellinek qhia system zoo tagnrho thiab empirical.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yam ntawm ib tug German tus kws lij choj xav imaginable lub xeev, tsis muaj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag. Qhov no system raug txwv mus rau qhov cov empirical. Typology ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv raws li qhov cov empirical mus kom ze yuav saib xyuas ntawm lub system nyob rau hauv raws li qhov xwm ntawm lub xeev union, raws li zoo raws li lub txoj hauj lwm nyob los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub system. Jellinek distinguishes ntawm niaj hnub thiab medieval, Roman, Greek thiab ancient oriental system.

Qhov saum toj no qauv yog lub feem ntau niaj hnub no. Raws li lub tswvyim ntawm "kev vam meej", nws yog ib tug civilizational mus kom ze rau lub typology ntawm lub xeev. Toynbee (English historian) elaborated thiab tsim ntxiv qhov yooj yim lub tswvyim. Nws paub tias, civilization lub xeev ntawm tib neeg yog tus kaw thiab lub zos, yus muaj los ntawm ntau thaj, economic, kev cai, puas siab puas ntsws, kev cai dab qhuas thiab lwm yam.

Tsis ntev los no kev tshawb fawb tau qhia lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej seem (single-line) formational piav txoj kev loj hlob thiab tau hauj lwm ntawm haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, xws li ib tug lub xeev yog tsis sib txawv typology qhia ntawv, ntiaj teb no xwm. Sab nraum cheeb tsam no muaj ntau ntau yam keeb kwm cov txheej xwm uas ua tau tus essence heev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov haiv neeg.

Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm nyiaj txiag fundamentals yog tsis suav tias yog multiformity uas nrog yuav luag txhua tus social keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev hloov ntawm lub neej mus rau ib tug civilized lub xeev. Thaum peb coj account ntawm no yuav tsum muaj fact rau ntawm cov tsoos tswv yim sib txawv ho.

Thaum siv ib tsim kauj yog ib tug tseem ceeb narrowing ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv cov qauv ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab lawv cov kev sib muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lees paub rau mas cov chav kawm antagonists. Lwm yam seem ntawm cov haiv neeg raug thawb tshaj cov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb, tsis haum mus rau hauv lub tshuaj qauv.

Formational mus kom ze ho txwv tau cais cov kev cai thiab sab ntsuj plig lub neej ntawm zej zog, muab lawv nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm cov tswv yim, qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev ntseeg, uas yog npaj rau kev cuam tshuam cov kev txaus siab ntawm lub ntsiab chav kawm ntawm antagonists.

Civilizational mus kom ze yog nrug thiab cov nplua nuj, uas paub qhov txawv tsis tsuas cov chav kawm ntawv confrontation, tab sis lub Scope ntawm lawv kev sib nrig sib sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm universal qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tau kawm tsis tau tsuas yog lub contradictions, tab sis kuj rau sab ntsuj plig lub zej lub zos ntawm tej ntsiab cai reflected nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv txawv spheres ntawm kev ua si.

Civilizational mus kom ze li tso cai rau peb kom peb sawv cev rau lub xeev tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm kev nom kev tswv domination ntawm lub exploiting chav kawm ntawv tshaj qhov exploited chav kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv system ntawm lub hwj chim, cov lwm yam, nws yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zoo tshaj ntawm kev sib raug zoo, nyiaj txiag thiab sab ntsuj plig kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg, kom tau raws li qhov sib txawv xav tau kev pab ntawm cov txiv neej, cov txiv neej consolidation.