Lub keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv. papermaking

Lub keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv tau no rau txhiab xyoo, thiab tseem nws tseem heev tshaj txhais tau tias kis tau tus mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv duab los yog piv txwv. Tab sis nws kuj pom nws siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, raws li ib tug ntim khoom, nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv thiab sab rau tu lub hom phiaj.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub drawings kis ntawm graphical dluab. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm tej zaum nws yuav tau tus thawj schematic sketches ntawm cov khoom thiab tshwm sim ntawm lub surrounding neeg, tab sis tam sim no daim ntawv luam ib tug yees duab uas muaj meej, raws li ze li sai tau raws li lub lwm tus kev muaj tiag.

Tab sis thaum nws los txog rau kev sau ntawv, nws nyob ntau ntxov tshaj yug tawm ntawm daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib tug ntau ntawm lwm cov kev. Ib txhia ntawm lawv, yuav tsis ncaj ncees, twb ntau npaum li cas check. Tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yog nws zoo, uas tso cai rau nws mus nce xws ntau. Qhov no txoj kev tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj neeg ua kev. Yog hais tias Tuam Tshoj paub txog daim ntawv txawm ua ntej peb era, European civilization tau nkag mus rau nws xwb los cov Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Papermaking yog hloov nrog lub advent ntawm cov tshiab technologies. Ntxiv mus, qhov no ua rau ob qho tib si yuav tsum ntawm tus tshiab printing tshuab, thiab cov hau kev ntawm nws tau txais daim ntawv. Yog hais tias ua ntej lawm rau nws lawm yog yuav tsum tau ua cov ntaub, ces nrog lub advent ntawm lub kiv puag ncig industrial thiab lub inauguration ntawm sis plawv hniav hloov.

Tsis txhob underestimate tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg - los ntawm cov ntawv tseeb thiab scientific ntaub ntawv. Muaj cov phau ntawv ua si ib tug lossis loj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim, uas tau coj hauj kev kawm.

Thaum lub tam sim no lub sij hawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm daim ntawv yog txo, tab sis txawm nrog lub advent ntawm hluav taws xob ntawv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj lawv cov ntaub ntawv uas embodiment, seb lub txiaj sau ntawv los yog tej kev qhia kom paub.

Li cas rau cov ntawv

Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no peb siv ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv siv txhua hnub, tej zaum tsis muaj txawm xav txog nws. Peb tau raws li nws nyob rau hauv tsev thiab tom hauj lwm. Nws yog siv rau advertising, nws yog sau rau ntawm daim ntawv rau muas cov khoom, thiab, nyob rau hauv lub kawg, ntau zaus peb them rau cov purchase ntawm daim ntawv banknotes.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv xub thawj yog rau siv nws lub preservation thiab kis tau tus mob ntawm kev txawj ntse. Tam sim no qhov no luag hauj lwm yog muab rau cov phau ntawv, pamphlets, ntawv xov xwm thiab lwm yam kev sau ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cim.

Cov kho kom zoo nkauj rau daim ntawv siv rau zus tau tej cov phab ntsa wallpaper, yees duab printing, thiab raws li lub hauv paus rau paintings thiab prints.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas rau lub ntim paperboard siv. Los ntawm nws yog ua raws li ib tug lossis loj lub thawv rau lub tsheb thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom li zoo raws li me me hnab nrog kua txiv los yog mis nyuj.

Ntawv nrog dej marks thiab lwm yam degrees ntawm kev tiv thaiv siv rau ib qho tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog muab nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv: passports, daim ntawv pov ntawm kev cuv npe, cov lais xees thiab thiaj li nyob. Qhuav ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li cov technology no yog siv rau zus tau tej cov banknotes.

Cov ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim kab xev siv rau readout instrumentation nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab science. Qhov no yog raug rau cov khoom uas yog tsis tsim los ua hauj lwm nrog cov xov xwm.

hindsight

Cov ancient dluab ntawm cov tsiaj thiab yos hav zoov rau lawv, los ntawm txheej thaum ub pab pawg neeg yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa hauv qhov tsua. Tus thawj extant Iyiv sau ntawv no kuj engraved rau lub pob zeb slabs. Lawv hnyav, thiab ua hauj lwm nrog lawv yuav tsum tau ib co tawm kev los ntawm tus tswv. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam pib siv hlau phiaj, tab sis cov ntawv nyeem txhua lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau muab ntaub ntawv rau tus casting daim ntawv no, uas yog tseem phim.

Nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia yees ib tug ntau haum cov ntaub ntawv uas rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv. Sumerians siv av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj mus rau lawv cuneiform. Nws yog ib tug heev yooj yim txoj kev: los ntawm mos av nplaum yog yooj yim los mus sau cov qhuav ntsiav tshuaj twb kuj yooj yim. Tab sis lawv twb heev nkig.

Tab sis lub ancient Egyptians nyob rau hauv lub peb Millennium BC, yees papyrus, uas muaj peev xwm rightly yuav suav hais tias yog precursor ntawm daim ntawv. Nws yog tsim los ntawm tib lub nroj tsuag, uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub Nile. Rau qhov ncaj ntau lawm siv hauv fiber ib feem, uas yog cais los ntawm cov kav. Lub sib cais fiber khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg superimposed transversely txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam thiab muab tso rau hauv xovxwm. Raws li cov phau ntawv nyob li nws tus kheej kua txiv nroj tsuag thiab muddy Nile dej nplua nuj xuab zeb deposits thiab slime, thiab cov softened mov ib qho kuam me me. Cov uas ua los xij tau glued ua ke nyob rau hauv lub scroll. Nws yog ib txoj kev zoo uas ua kom cov ntaub ntawv, papyrus yog lub teeb, ib qho yooj yim mus thauj, thiab nws yuav tau sau ntawv phau ntawv ntim cov ntsiab lus.

Yug ntawv

Creation ntawm cov thawj daim ntawv ntawm Suav txhob lo lo ntxhuav yog txawm ua ntej peb era. Tab sis nws caij nyoog qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm thiab lub sij hawm ntawm tshwm sim yog tsis paub. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm archaeological excavations scraps ntawm daim ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub burial uas sawv daws khoom ib mus rau lub era ua ntej lub Han dynasty. Tab sis cov thawj daim ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li papyrus, yog heev kim. Yog li ntawd, thaum nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm muaj ntau ntau ntoo plaques uas burns kub ntawv nyeem nrog tus cwj mem ntsis.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 105 ntawm huab tais tus adviser CAI Lun Minister muab lub npe thiab lwm yam honors rau nws pab mus rau kev txhim kho ntawm daim ntawv ua technology. Rau nws lawm tsuas tso tseg lub cocoons ntawm lub silkworm los yog ntaub scraps tau los ntawm lub puab cov tawv ntoo ntawm mulberry ntoo. Lawv tau muab faib mus rau hauv daim me me, thiab ces pulverized nyob rau hauv ib tug mortar mus rau ib tug hmoov zoo yuav luag. Cov uas ua loj tau tov nrog dej ntshiab mus rau ib tug homogeneous slurry, uas yog ces pw nyob rau hauv xyoob txoj kev sab cib. Ntas ntawm nws sab twb teem daim ntawv loj, me, thiab lub keeb thawm cua airflow thiab, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, ceev ceev kom qhuav. Yuav kom smooth tawm lub mesh qauv, daim ntawv twb muab tso ntawm ob polished pob zeb chaw. Yog li, nws ib txhij, ib tug tus thiab zoo.

Tom qab lub invention ntawm no txoj kev ntxiv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua daim ntawv twb zoo heev sai sai. Lub tshuab pib siv tshwj xeeb losis tswvyim dabtsi compositions raws li nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej thiab adhesives ntawm tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm, uas ua rau daim ntawv check ntau. Ib tug steel hauv paus tsis tau tsuas yog txhob lo lo ntxhuav fiber, tab sis tseem muaj lwm paj rwb thiab linen, thiab hemp xov, uas feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm ropes.

Ib tug lwm txoj rau daim ntawv

Ua ke nrog cov kev qhia ntawm Suav Buddhism tshwm sim muab faib rau cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv zoo hu nrog nws mus rau Kauslim thiab Nyiv, ntsig txog, lawv coj li qhov kev paub thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv txiav txim siab technology thiab nws cov creation tau mastered rau lub zos nyob sib ze lub teb chaws ntawm Central Asia thiab cov Middle East. Tiam sis nyob rau European teb chaws daim ntawv tuaj tsuas yog tom qab lub conquest ntawm Spain los ntawm cov koom pheej.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ua ntej nws nthuav mus siv lwm txoj kev ntaub ntawv rau kev sau ntawv phau ntawv. Puas tau txij ancient sij hawm, kim papyrus twb hloov los ntawm parchment thiab ciab ntsiav tshuaj.

Cov yav tas yog ib tug ntoo phaj, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug nyias txheej ntawm ciab twb ua ntawv thov. Tool rau kev sau ntawv yog ib tug khoom hlau pas nrig, ib sab ntawm uas tau raug sharpened rau cov tsiaj ntawv, thiab ib tug thib ob, tiaj tus, scraping tshwm sim, tom qab uas cov ntawv nyeem yuav rov sau ntawv. Qhov no txoj kev yog dav siv rau kev sau ntawv kawm thiab lub ib ntus xwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mus txog rau lub Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Rau ib tug ntau long-term siv cov parchment siv tsiaj tawv tshwj xeeb hnav khaub ncaws. Nyob rau hauv daim tawv kev lag luam ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov yaj los yog tshis tau soaked nyob rau hauv dej cawv, softened thiab compressed. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm parchment yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws tso cai rau koj mus sau rau nws los ntawm ob tog. Yog li ntawd, cov thawj nyob sab Europe phau ntawv twb tau vim hais tias ntawm nws.

Nyob rau hauv ancient Russia siv birch ntoo. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, kom dim xwb ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv sau nyob rau hauv nws.

Cov precursors ntawm niaj hnub daim ntawv

Lub keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv nws cov tam sim no daim ntawv tsis muaj kom txog thaum lub 18th caug xyoo. Txawv ntau lawm technology, nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv uas siv, seb rags los yog ntoo.

Npaj siab siv ncaj qha ntoo fibers tsis tau muab ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim. Txawm tias Tuam Tshoj tau ntse siv cov xyoob nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub thawj Millennium AD.

Advantageously, lub raw khoom rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm daim ntawv thiab pov tseg ntawm daim ntawv tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug laus hnav-tawm khaub ncaws los ntawm canvas fabrics. Ntawm no yog nyob rau hauv lub ntawv xov xwm yog ib tug pheej yig dua cov ntaub ntawv uas, xws li straw. Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li, hais tias lawv sawv tiv nujnqis, tej lub teb chaws txawm kom ib tug txiav npluav rau cov export ntawm rags. Thiab nyob rau hauv America muaj ib qhov teeb meem, thaum phau ntawv printers muag cov phau ntawv rau cov uas tau coj lawv cov ntaub ntawv raw rau ua. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm xws li ib ntev thov nqi yuav loj hlob, ua rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm dub ciaj uas muag.

Txhoov nyoos ntaub ntawv uas twb muab tso rau hauv ib tug loj vat ntawm dej, thiab kom huv si do kom txog thaum ib tug slurry lub xeev thaum muab tso rau hauv ib tug sib tov ntawm hais ntawm ntau dua los yog tsawg uniformly. Keeb xeeb uas siv los ntawm kev ceev zog, thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm cherpalschika heev hwm. Nws ua raws li hais tias cov semifinished khoom tau mus txog rau lub Desired lub xeev, ces lecturing slurry rau ib tug sab cib.

Tom qab ntawd nyob zeb dej log uas lub ntsiab tus ncej. Nws zog txhua yam yog kis tau mus rau lub sib tsoo ntawm raw khoom rau daim ntawv sis plawv hniav. Txhua zeb rau denote exclusivity lawv cov khoom siv stamp los yog watermark. Ib tug hlau mesh daus hlau sewn kev kos npe rau uas manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sis plawv hniav tom qab kom qhuav.

Los ntawm cov lus Mev ntawv ua lag ua luam migrated mus rau lwm cov European lub teb chaws. Italian masters kawm xyaum ua tej yam nrog tshuaj reagents. Dawb daim ntawv twb tau los ntawm tshuaj dawb tso nrog chlorine, thiab kev siv ntawm ib tug organic nplaum welded tsiaj cov pob txha yog tsis tau tso cai rau nqus number case.

Nyob rau hauv pre-Petrine era, peb lub teb chaws muas tau cov ntawv los ntawm Fabkis thiab Ltalis, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1714 nteg cov thawj cov dej zeb rau lub mechanization ntawm lub ntau lawm txheej txheem. Tab sis txawm ib co lag teb chaws Europe los ntawm Asia, nws yog muaj hais tias tuaj nrog ib txoj kev los ua ib tug stamped ntawv nrog dej qhab nia, uas yog tej nuj nqis cov Suav los yog cov koom pheej.

Cellulose, thiab cov Industrial Revolution

Lub keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv tau undergone zoo hloov tom qab kev kawm nyob tus yeees ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov tsos ntawm cov yob daim ntawv tsis muaj ib tug kab daim phiaj.

Qhib ntawm sis plawv hniav nyob rau hauv 1719 muaj los ntawm qhov Fabkis chemist Rene Reaumur. Nws yog nws leej twg ua ntej npaj nws siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm txoj. Cellulose yog ib tug tuab txheej ntawm polymer ntawm zib molecules uas tsim ib tug tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov cell phab ntsa. Tus txheej txheem ntawm nws rho tawm los ntawm cov ntoo los yog nyom fibers yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm reagents cleaving tsawg ruaj tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Qhov ntau cellulose cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, qhov ntau tuab nws yog tau los ntawm daim ntawv. Tiam sis nrog lub rov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv tshuab yog ib qhov raw khoom tau lug siv.

Tus thawj tshuab rau zus tau tej cov high-zoo ntawv nyob rau hauv ces tsis muaj ib tug kab ntawm daim phiaj. Tab sis, thaum nws yog tseem ua los ntawm flax pov tseg rags, uas yog crushed nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev hu ua "yob". Pulp nteg tsis nyob rau ib tug hlau sieve, thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaub nruj nreem woven. Lub resulting los xij hu ua "Whatman" nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub Hoobkas, lawv muaj ib tug yus smoothness thiab creaminess. Qhov no tso cai rau kev watercolor hom kev kawm kev sau ntawv painting, zawv zawg tus ua hauj lwm ntawm lub canvas thiab roj xim.

Tab sis qhov kev thov rau daim ntawv yog loj loj. Yuav kom nce nws kom muaj nuj nqis, tej daim ntawv machine. Yob pulverized sawdust, pov tseg ntoo ntau lawm, uas tau ces muab tso rau hauv acidic los yog alkaline nruab nrab, qhov twg lub cleavage cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntoo fibers thiab cellulose faib. Cov uas ua loj ntawm daim ntawv semifinished swelled, zoo absorbing dej. Ces nws tau conventionally xam tau tias yog tsis nrhiav kev kho daim ntawv. Tab sis rau shape slurry twb dov ntawm ob counter-rotating shafts nrog tooj liab mesh. Yog li sawv ntawv yob. Ib tug yooj yim daim ntawv tau tom qab txiav nws tshwj xeeb riam. Qhov no txoj kev tso cai rau daim ntawv los ua ib tug me me thiab ceev nyob rau hauv ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm yuav luag tsis siv txoj kev.

Nyob ntawm seb nws npaj siv nyob rau hauv lub sis plawv hniav tswvcuab tshwj xeeb additives. Piv txwv li, lub teeb-sensitive tivthaiv tiav tshwj xeeb daim ntawv "yees duab", nws yog txuas mus rau lub fact tias cov tsos ntawm cov duab nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev nrog ib tug liab xim lub teeb. Ib tug coloring los xij muab lub Desired qhov ntxoov.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm noob neej

Lub sij hawm ntev, zus tau tej cov ntawv yog ib lub lag luam daim card ib tug tsawg vajvoog ntawm cov tswv. Tus txheej txheem ntawm nws siv yog tsis tshua lub sij hawm-siv. Lub keeb kwm ntawm daim ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li nws cov kev siv, yog lub cib fim ntawm tus muaj nyiaj chav kawm ntawv cov neeg sawv cev uas twb nyob rau hauv xov xwm, cov phau ntawv nyeem, txhim kho lawv cov theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv.

Qhov ntau mus siv cuag ua daim ntawv xov xwm, tus ceev loj hlob npaum li cas kis lus qhia tshiab ntau yam ntawm cov neeg. Piv txwv li, Marco Polo sau tau ib phau ntawv hais txog nws tej kev mus, nws nyeem los ntawm txhiab tus neeg, thiab lawv daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tau widened. Darwin piav nws cov lus xaus hais txog tus keeb kwm ntawm hom uas tuaj rau nws nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, thaum nws mus rau ib tug ntoj ke mus kawm aboard lub "Beagle".

Yog li ntawd mus nce rau theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov haiv neeg, uas yog kov tau coj niaj hnub no theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Tsim printing, xa qhov yuav tsum tau rau tes sau phau ntawv, tom qab typewriters, thiab nyob rau hauv lub computer uas muaj hnub nyoog - Printers.

Niaj hnub nimno hom ntawv

Keeb kwm ntawm lub nqus daim ntawv tsis undergone hloov. Creativity tseem demanded ntxhib ntawv phau ntawv thiab muaj ntau lawm. Thaum nws yog xaiv nyob rau hauv thawj Piv txwv li xav txog dab tsi lub haum muaj peev xwm, raws li lawv tau crushed fibers. Yuav ua li cas lawv yog loj, qhov ntau daim ntawv yog mahram thaum scraping.

Chaw ua hauj lwm sib daim ntawv yog feem ntau npaj rau los sis laser cartridge printing. Luam yog ua rau ib tug zoo xws li cov technology. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los rau lub hom phiaj no nws yog siv carbon ntawv, ib sab ntawm uas yog them nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm dawb lias xim. Tam sim no nws yog tsuas yog siv rau lub simultaneous luam ntawm tus thiab nyeem tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab daim ntawv.

Sau cov dluab heev pawg xws li daim ntawv. Diam duab sau rau ntawm nws, muaj ib glossy nto thiab ib tug matte. Piv txwv tias yog laser los yog inkjet tshuab luam ntawv yog xaiv rau ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv ceev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv uas koj yuav tsum xav txog thaum uas siv cov tej yam number case refilled cartridge.

Pov tseg daim ntawv handkerchiefs muaj ntau cov tswv yim tshaj lawv daim ntaub counterparts. Yob cov ntaub hoob nab yog ua tsis yog cov thawj ib puas xyoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv America lub rooj plaub thaum es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug yob ua tagnrho cov pheej yig paj huam ntawm mos daim ntawv rau kev tu cev lub hom phiaj. Ib txhia ntawm nws yog perplexing, tab sis lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus Ameslikas xeeb mus ua ke lub ob dab.

Ntawv corrugated cardboard hom ua los ntawm kuj pheej yig raw cov ntaub ntawv - straw. Durability yog tiav los ntawm cov tais bellows txheej nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob tug los xij ntawm cardboard. Yog li, lub siab sib sib zog tsa los ntawm tus luj ntawm cov khoom yog dispersed vim lub elastic txheej uas yog resistant rau deformation. Tab sis qhov no board muaj ib tug pom menyuamuas ntawm fibers, vim lub ntxeem tau kev ntxhib los mos ntawm lub thawv tawm ntawm nws yog deformed nyob rau hauv tus dej, thaum nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm tus neeg mob lawv yog yooj yim heev rau kev thauj mus los.

Rau lub ntim ntawm cov khoom noj khoom siv rau lub technology "Tetra Pak". Lub puab txheej ntawm lub pob nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej, cov zaub mov yog coated nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm ntawv ci. Cov txheej thawv ci nrog ib tug glossy nto, uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub npe, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab thiaj li nyob.

prospects

Ntawv xov xwm moribund. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyeem ntawv yog tseem heev nrov, daim ntawv phau ntawv, cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab ntawv xov xwm yog muas tsawg zaus. Muaj yog lawv gradual hloov ntawm hluav taws xob counterparts.

Readings rau lub ntsuas seev yog nce cia hluav taws xob. Thiab yooj yim los mus tsim cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov daim ntawv, thiab ces paub meej tias lawv yog leejtwg siv daim ntawv pov.

Tab sis txoj kev siv cov ntawv yog tas li loj hlob raws li ib tug ntim khoom: Thawv, ib tug ntau yam ntawm ntim, ntawv qhwv ....

Thaum tsis poob nws qhov tseeb advertising los ntawm sau ntau lawm. Flyers, banners, zog, leaflets, cev tawm txiaj ntsim pub dawb daim qhia hnub hli tsis yuav tsum tau loj kev nqis peev uas, tab sis zoo kom hom khiav.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sectors qhov twg rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv uas cov cab kuj yuav pheej yig dua, daim ntawv yuav nrhiav tau nws qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis txhob hnov qab txog nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm daim duab. Dua li ntawm qhov cuab kev pab cuam ntawm lub computer graphics, painting, sab hauv decorating, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yog tseem sau rau ntawm daim ntawv los yog hom ntaub khov heev.

Thiab txawm hais tias tus ntawv tawm hauv ib co chaw ntawm lub neej, nws yog tseem nrov heev nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg.