Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab ntxias

18th xyoo pua - ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov loj loj hloov nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres: nom tswv, kev sib raug zoo, cov pej xeem. Teb chaws Europe yog ua nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting tshiab lwm yam: toj roob hauv pes, keeb kwm, lub tsev. Xav zoo zoo txoj kev ntawm painting yuav predominant. Ib tug nyob tus neeg - ib tug hero thiab ib cov cab kuj los ntawm aesthetic hom phiaj ntawm lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua nws nqes mus raws li lub sij hawm pleev xim rau portraits. Kom koj tus kheej portrait xws li txhua yam los ntawm cov huab tais mus rau li ib txwm official los ntawm lub xeev.

European tiam sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting

Nto moo Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua raug yuam kom ua raws li Western zam nyob rau behest ntawm Peter kuv, leej twg xav mus Europeanize Russia. Nws txuas tseem ceeb heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub fine arts, thiab txawm npaj los tsim kom tau ib tug tshwj xeeb tsev kawm ntawv.

Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua los tsim tshiab hom kev kawm ntawm European painting thiab xwm li nyob rau nws canvases tsis tsuas kav cov vaj ntxwv, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam boyars, tub txawj tub ntse, yawg suab, uas tau sim kom mus nrog zam thiab feem ntau muab rau lub zos ntxias pleev xim ib tug portrait. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhov nyuab ntawm lub sij hawm uas sim pab txhawb tus portraits ntawm txhua hnub khoom, cov ntsiab ntawm lub teb chaws costumes, xwm thiab thiaj li nyob. Mloog tau teem rau kim rooj tog, loj vases, luxurious robes, interesting poses. Dluab ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub sij hawm dab tsi niaj hnub no raws li ib tug poetic zaj dab neeg ntawm qhov nyuab ntawm nws lub sij hawm.

Tiam sis nyob rau stark zoo txawv portraits ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua portraits ntawm lub caw txawv teb chaws painters. Nws yog ib nqi hais tias rau txoj kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias caw nyuab los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws.

hom portraits

Thaum pib ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tau cim los ntawm hloov dua siab tshiab portrait painters mus poluparadnym thiab chamber hom portrait ib hom ntawv nyeem. Portraits Painters thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 18th pua, muab sawv mus rau tej hom raws li ib tug pem hauv ntej, poluparadny, chamber, intimate.

Pem hauv ntej pom portrait yog txawv los ntawm lwm cov tib neeg cov duab nyob rau hauv tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob. Ci khoom kim heev - ob qho tag nrho nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws thiab nyob rau hauv niaj hnub siv.

Poluparadny saib - cov duab no ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub hauv caug los yog duav sib sib zog nqus.

Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yog xwm tiv thaiv ib tug nruab nrab tom qab nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab los yog lub duav rov sauv - ces qhov no hom ntawm portrait yog hu ua tus chamber.

Intimate portrait saib yuav ib tug tsis txaus siab mus rau lub puab ntiaj teb no ntawm tus hero ntawm daim duab, cov tom qab yog tsis quav ntsej li.

portrait dluab

Feem ntau Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua raug yuam kom muab tso rau hauv lub neeg portrait duab sawv cev ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis tsis yog lub sij duab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb coj mus rau hauv tus account pej xeem lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv no los yog tus neeg ntawd. Muaj ntau critics tau ntev xaus lus hais tias lub ntsiab txoj cai nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas rau cov duab ntawm ib tug txiv neej raws li nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb muaj tej teeb meem dab tsi nws xav yuav, thiab thiaj li hais tias nws yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv nws zoo tshaj plaws thiaj yuav. Uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub portraits ntawm txhua tus neeg sim mus qhia raws li ib qho zoo tagnrho.

Tus thawj ntxias

Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo, lub daim ntawv teev cov uas nyob rau hauv kev yog me me - nws yog, nyob rau hauv particular, I. N. Nikitin, AP Antropov, F. S. Rokotov, IP Argunov, VL Borovikovsky, D . G. Levitsky.

Ntawm cov thawj ntxias ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua lub Petrine era - Nikitin npe Antropov, Argunov. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov thawj Lavxias teb sab ntxias yog negligible 18th caug xyoo. Nws li cas xwb los sau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm muaj koob muaj npe dluab, portraits ntawm Lavxias teb sab nobles. Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo - lub tswv portraits. Tab sis feem ntau lawv tsuas pab txawv teb chaws craftsmen pleev xim ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm palaces, los ua ib tug theatrical scenery.

Lub npe ntawm cov neeg pleev Ivan Nikitich Nikitin yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub xov ntawm Peter kuv nrog nws tus poj niam. Nws txhais tes mus rau ib tug portrait ntawm tus huab tais, tus chancellor G. I. Golovina. Nyob rau hauv nws portrait ntawm Hetman yog tsis muaj dab tsi dag. Haivneeg yog tsis tau hloov yog wig los yog lub tsev hais plaub cov khaub ncaws. Cov artist tsom Hetman xws li nyob rau hauv lub neej. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej muab lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm portraits Nikitin.

Antropov creativity fwm nyob rau hauv cov dluab ntawm St. Andrew Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kiev thiab portraits nyob rau hauv lub Synod. Cov hauj lwm uas txawv los ntawm cov artist tus nyiam daj, txiv ntsuab, vim hais tias nws yog ib tug neeg pleev kob uas kawm nrog masters ntawm iconography. Ntawm nws cov nto moo tej hauj lwm - portraits ntawm Elizabeth, Peter kuv, Princess Troubetzkoy, Ataman F. Krasnoshchekova. Creativity Antropov koom nyob rau hauv lub lig kev cai uas yog thawj Lavxias teb sab painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, thiab lub canons ntawm fine art Petrine era.

Ivan Petrovich Argunov - paub av portraitist Sheremetiev. Nws portraits yog elegant hwj tau lub cev dluab ntawm cov neeg lawv yog cov dawb thiab mobile, tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm kom raug thiab tsuas. Nws yog tus creator ntawm intimate portraits uas yuav ua intimate. Tseem ceeb tej hauj lwm ntawm lub artist: portraits ntawm Catherine II, ob peb Sheremetyevo, P. B. Sheremeteva nyob rau hauv thaum yau.

Tsis txhob xav hais tias nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj tsis muaj lawm tej hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis tus poj Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm tsim tseem nyob rau hauv hom ntawv nyeem ntawm portraiture.

Lub ncov ntawm cov portrait ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua yog tus ua hauj lwm ntawm Rokotoff, Levitsky thiab Borovikovsky. Tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub portrait ntawm ib tug artist tsim nyog ntawm admiration, mloog thiab hwm. Tib neeg tsis totaub ua txwm ntawm lawv portraits.

Fedor Stepanovich roars (1735-1808 biennium).

Yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi yog paub txog Fedor Rokotov, Lavxias teb sab neeg pleev kob ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua fortress ntawm tub huabtais Ivan Repnin. Portraits ntawm cov poj niam lub artist sau maj mam thiab huab cua. Puab zoo nkauj Rokotov tsaug hnov thiab to taub, thiab nws pom ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm txhais nws rau hauv lub canvas. Txawm oval portraits underscores lub me thiab elegant tsos ntawm cov poj niam.

Lub ntsiab ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nws ua hauj lwm - poluparadny portrait. Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm - portraits ntawm Grigory Orlov thiab Peter III, Princess Yusupov thiab tub huabtais Paul Petrovich.

Dmitri Grigor'evich Levitsky (1735-1822 biennium).

Lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab neeg pleev kob ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo - Dmitriy Grigorevich Levitsky, ib tug thwj tim ntawm A. Antropov, yuav sensitively ntes thiab recreate nyob rau hauv nws duab puas siab puas ntsws lub xeev thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg. Depicting tus nplua nuj, nws tseem tseeb thiab ncaj ncees, nws portraits cais servility thiab lies. Nws txhais tes mus rau ib tug gallery ntawm portraits ntawm tus poj txiv neej ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub parade portrait Levitsky qhia raws li ib tug tswv. Nws pom kev paub qhia lo postures, gestures, uas qhia nobles. Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov neeg - vim li ntawd feem ntau hu ua creativity Levitsky.
Duab, pleev xim rau los ntawm cov artist lub portraits ntawm M. A. Lvovoy, E. I. Nelidovoy, N. I. Novikova, ob peb Mitrofanov.

Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky (1757-1825 biennium).

Lavxias teb sab ntxias 18-19 xyoo pua yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tsis txaus siab mus rau lub thiaj li hu ua sentimental portrait. Neeg pleev kob rau Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky sau txawj xav hluas nkauj uas nyob rau hauv nws portraits qhia qaim xim, lawv yog airy thiab dawb huv. Nws heroine - tsis tsuas Lavxias teb sab neeg pluag cov poj niam nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj costumes, tab sis kuj poj niam ntawm high zej zog. Portraits Naryshkina Lopukhina Princess Suvorova, Arsenyev. Duab ntawm ob peb zoo sib xws, tab sis lawv yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis nco qab. Cov portraits yog distinguished los ntawm ib tug amazing subtlety kis cim, yuav luag imperceptible tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev xav thiab kev sib txuas tag nrho cov dluab ib tug kev xav ntawm rhiab. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm Borovikovsky qhia tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov poj niam uas lub sij hawm.

Borovykovs'kogo cuab yeej cuab tam yog heev ntau haiv neeg thiab nws kim heev. Muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm raws li ib tug formal portraits thiab tej yam me me thiab intimate paintings. Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm Borovikovsky ua portraits V. A. Zhukovskogo, G. R. Derzhavina, A. B. Kurakina thiab Paul I.

Paintings los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias

Paintings ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab ntxias yog sau ntawv nrog kev hlub rau txiv neej, nws puab lub ntiaj teb no thiab kev hwm rau cov kev coj tsis ncaj virtues. Cov style ntawm txhua artist nyob rau hauv ib tes, sib txawv heev, nyob rau lwm yam - muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nta rau hauv ntau nrog lwm tus neeg. Qhov no yog txhais tau hais tias tib style uas qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab nyob rau hauv lub 18th caug xyoo.

Qhov tseem nto moo paintings ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab ntxias:

1. "Hluas pleev kob". Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 1760s. Sau Ivan Firsov - lub feem ntau mysterious artist ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Cov painting depicts ib tug me nyuam tub nyob rau hauv niaj hnub uas paints portrait ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj tus me nyuam ntxhais.
2. "Nyuaj ntawm Hector thiab Andromache", 1773 Sau Anton Pavlovich Losenko. Qhov kawg daim duab ntawm lub artist. Nws depicts zaj dab neeg ntawm lub thib rau lub song "Iliad" ntawm Homer.
3. "Pob zeb choj nyob rau hauv Gatchina cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Constable", 1799-1801 gg. Sau phev Fedorovich Schedrin. Daim duab no yog ib tug toj roob hauv pes saib.

thiab tsis tau

Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tseem ua hle tau qhov tseeb thiab qhov uas neeg, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub tej yam kev mob ntawm serfdom thiab tej kev xav ntawm tus nplua nuj cov neeg muas zaub. Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub portrait nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua embodied cov kev nta ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg.

Undoubtedly, peb yuav hais tias, zoo li visual arts ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tej zaum yuav los ntawm European kab lis kev cai, tom qab tag nrho, nws tau coj mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws sawv.