Kho sib - ib tug txheej txheem uas tsim koj.

Txhua tus niamtxiv muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov kev kho mob ntawm tus me nyuam. Vim tam sim no tej teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab economic tensions nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tus pej xeem lub neej yuav siv sij hawm ntau thiab ntau noj qab haus huv thiab kev loj hlob tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov neeg laus, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam.

Rau cov mob thiab, yog li ntawd, los kov yeej cov teeb meem loj nrog cov mob ntawm lub kev xav, pib sib ntaus sib tua zoo-paub psychologists, yog ib tus uas yog B. Bourdon. Raws li lub zoo-paub cov kws, concentration ntawm cov xim plays ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lwm yam thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub neej kev ntawm txhua tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm peb lub neej peb yuav nkag tau rau cov tshiab chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse, peb to taub ntau yam tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem thiab cov ntsiab lus uas yuav pab tau peb lub ntiaj teb pom thiab pab txhawb kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev ntse.

Tab sis koj ua dab tsi yog tias ib tug me nyuam los yog neeg loj yuav tsis tsom cov xim rau tus kwv ntawm kev txaus siab? Cia hais tias koj muaj ib tug hobby tias koj zoo siab los them rau koj dawb lub sij hawm, tab sis cov neeg pluag concentration tsis pub koj mus kho nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb lub highlights thiab tseem ceeb cov lus tseeb rau koj nco ntsoov. Nws ua ib tug yug me nyuam rau hauv av rau siab, kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis muaj kev cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej muaj peev xwm. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov teeb meem no, tus paub txog B. Bourdon thiab tsim ib tug txheej txheem uas hu ua "pov thawj-xeem", conducive mus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov xim thiab concentration nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam thiab cov neeg laus.

Cov txheej txheem no nyob rau hauv 1895. Tej zaum koj yuav nug: dab tsi yog nws tseem? Raws li nws muab tawm, nws yog painfully yooj yim: cov kev kawm pom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib lub rooj nyob qhov twg ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv cia li muab tso rau Lavxias teb sab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txhua nyob rau hauv lub rooj tseem yog txaus. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhia rau cov kev kawm 10 feeb. yuav tsum ntaus tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub rooj, piv txwv li, "y" thiab "n." Thaum mus qhia lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub rooj yuav tsum tau cim. Tom qab kaum feeb, pib laij tau.

Raws li kev xyaum qhia, cov qauv ntawm cov "pov thawj-xeem" yuav pab tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov me nyuam uas xav tau kev ua rau kom cov theem ntawm kev saib xyuas. Tom qab ob peb ce cov me nyuam pib mus qhia tau zoo nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kawm ntawv qib siab, cov tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis tsis txhob xav hais tias hais tias xws li ib txoj kev kuaj neeg ua hauj lwm hu ua "pov thawj-xeem" yog tam sim no xwb nyob rau hauv lawv ib tug daim ntawv. Muaj ntau cov thwjtim ntawm tus paub txog B. Bourdon txiav txim siab los ua ntxiv mus thiab txhim kho lub vib this kev inventing ob peb txoj hauj lwm kev xaiv. Yog li, tsab ntawv Anfimov tsim ib variation ntawm no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1908. Nyob rau qhov no tau zoo tsis xaus muaj - txoj kev "proofreading xeem" tau upgraded Amatuni, uas nyob rau hauv 1969 tsim ib cov version ntawm lub ntus. Thiab thaum kawg, qhov kawg yog ib qho uas txiav txim siab los pab cov arsenal ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas rau cov me nyuam, Landolt yog cov neeg ntawm qhov kev kuaj neeg ua hauj lwm nrog rings.

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, ntau tam sim ntawd ua tsis meej pem thaum tam sim no lub rooj nrog rings: dab tsi koj yuav tsum tau hla? Tus neeg sau ntawm cov xeem no tsim ib tug nplhaib nrog ntau yam kis nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv sab. Li ntawd, cov raug tau hauj lwm - los nrhiav thiab hla tawm ntawm lub nplhaib nrog ib tug kis, rau Piv txwv li, nyob rau sab xis. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, kho cov qauv tseem yog haum rau cov me nyuam yau (mas Landolt yog ib qho kev xaiv). Koj yuav tau ras, tab sis cov txheej txheem no yog "ib tug pov thawj xeem" thov nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob, raws li tau zoo raws li thaum lub sij hawm kev psychodiagnostics.

Muaj coob tus neeg nug cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ib tug tau kev tswj cov txheej txheem qauv "proofreading xeem". Thaum muaj ib daim tshev ntawm koj tau, tseem ceeb tshaj, yog dab tsi them xim los yog nyob rau hauv koj ceev thiab raug ntawm lub ntus. Cia peb nyob rau ceev: kos ntawm no rau tej nqi ntawm lub sij hawm koj tau saib txhua txhua tsab ntawv thiab tus xov tooj ntawm tag nrho cov lus. Raws li rau cov neeg, muaj yog suav tus xov tooj ntawm uas tsis ua lub xeem rau txhua lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev kuaj neeg ua hauj lwm.

Raws li koj tau pom, lub essence ntawm cov txheej txheem yog heev yooj yooj yim thiab proofreading mus sib hais rau cov me nyuam yuav pab tau kom sai sai, yog muaj thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, qualitatively txiav txim yuav ua li cas ceev faj koj tus me nyuam. Nrog ib tug tsis zoo tshwm sim, koj yuav rov ua cov txheej txheem no ib ob peb lub sij hawm, kom txog thaum lub tau yuav tsis tau nce. Hmoov zoo nyob rau hauv koj lub chaw ua hauj lwm!