Nto moo psychologists hais txog nws tus kheej-qhia, kev sib deev, txoj kev ywj pheej thiab tib neeg.

Psihologiya- ib tus hluas science, tab sis ib tug ob peb lub sij hawm mus do li lub ntiaj teb no nrog rau lawv cov discoveries tau ua tsis tau tejyam. Ntawm lawv, "Cov kev tshawb xav ntawm psychoanalysis" Freud thiab tus nrog paub txog ib tug tsav tsheb quab yuam ntawm tib neeg kev sib deev siab, txug thiab kev txhais cov "pyramid ntawm xav tau kev pab" Maslow. Ib tug ntau ntawm hype ua zoo neo-Freudians Erich Fromm rau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib raug zoo yog leej twg, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm adaptation rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov haiv neeg. Feem ntau cov psychologists nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tas tawm tsam nrog lub paub tab: to taub ib tug neeg, delve rau hauv nws subconscious thiab paub seb vim li cas lawv, nws ua.

Abraham Maslow thiab nws cov "pyramid ntawm xav tau kev pab"

Muaj ntau mas psychologists, xws li Maslow ua hauj lwm rau sab. To taub vim li cas ib tug neeg thiab ua rau nws qhia nws txoj nws tus kheej, nws muaj kev tswj kom declassify xwb no American psychologist. Maslow pom hais tias rau lub manifestation ntawm lawv siab tshaj plaws tuition tus neeg uas koj xav tau kom tau raws li lub physiological xav tau kev pab. Raws li cov kev tshawb pom thiab ua tau "Maslow lub hierarchy." Nyob rau hauv nws tsib theem, thiab tsuas yog raws li yav dhau los yuav tsum tau, ib tug neeg yog muaj peev xwm mus rau lub tom ntej no. Hauv zoo thaum saib los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub sab ntev, raws li nram no:

- physiological xav tau kev pab;

- qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ruaj ntseg;

- qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ib pab pawg, yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm haiv neeg;

- qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev sib hwm thiab paub;

- qhov yuav tsum tau rau nws tus kheej-qhia.

Cov neeg uas yog tau mus cuag lub thib tsib theem, tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas. Raws li Maslow, muaj tsuas yog 1-2%. Nws tau piav rau lawv li no: cov neeg no yog kiag li txaus siab rau cov tiav, yuav ua tau ntse rau ib co ce, ib qho yooj yim mus kev sib raug zoo thiab muaj peev xwm mus empathize nrog cov neeg. Lawv yog cov neeg sab nraud, kev ywj pheej, thiab muaj ib tug muaj tswv yim mus kom ze rau lub neej.

Sigmund Freud

Tej zaum qhov title ntawm "lub npe nrov tshaj kev puas siab ntsws" yog tseem muaj los ntawm lub Austrian Sigmund Freud. Nws theories thiaj li paub zoo tias yog tsis muaj tus txiv neej uas tsis paub lub npe. Nws yog nws leej twg ua ntej pib tham txog kev sib deev raws li kev tsav tsheb quab yuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cwm pwm. Yog hais tias kev sib deev txawm yog vim li cas, yuam tawm ntawm tib neeg lub siab, nws mus rau hauv lub subconscious siab thiab muaj peev xwm mus rau manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kev npau suav, koom haum ua teb, reservations. Muaj ntau renowned psychologists tau txim thiab tseem rau txim rau cov kev tshawb xav ntawm psychoanalysis, Freud, xav hais tias nws coj peb los ze zog mus rau lub tsiaj. Raws li nws tus liam ntawm tib neeg tus muaj peb yam:

- nws - lom attraction;

- I - yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib haum ntawm nws thiab super-ego;

- super-ego - tsim kev cai thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib tug neeg.

Tib neeg ntawm Erich Fromm

Nto moo psychologists, Freud cov thwjtim, yuav tsis ua yam uas tsis muaj kev tshawb xav ntawm "humanistic psychoanalysis," Erich Fromm. Nws ua hauj lwm twb raws li cov inconsistency ntawm tib neeg hav zoov thiab cov teeb meem ntawm lub neej niaj hnub. Fromm ntseeg hais tias cov neeg no ib yam nkaus tus kheej, thiab zej zog yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev kub ntxhov. Thiab tsuas "zoo" haiv neeg, coj mus rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg, yuav tau hloov tib neeg lub cwj pwm ntawm cov xwm, haiv neeg thiab txhua lwm yam. Lub tswv yim ntawm tib neeg thiab saib cov neeg muaj peev xwm hlub, Fromm piav nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Qhov Art of Hlub."

Phau ntawv ib tug niaj hnub psychologist Aleksandra Chernitskogo "Yooj yim psychology" tau tshwm sim los ib tug ntau ntawm unkind comments. Muaj ntau zoo-paub tshwj xeeb, yog tsis ntaus nqi los ntawm Freudianism, thiab unfavorably kho nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv Chernitski twb tsis siv siv rau kev sib deev raws li lub tsav tsheb mechanism ntawm tus txoj kev loj hlob, tshuaj xyuas qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub mus ob peb vas, tus txiv neej ua thiab outlook Tsis zoo li tib neeg, ua kev ceev ntiag tug ntawm cov neeg uas ua tsis tau. Psychology raws li science tseem evolve, thiab, thaj, ntau nto moo psychologists muaj tsis lub sij hawm rau txhib kom cov pej xeem nrog rau cov tshiab theories.