Khalid ibn al-Walid, dubbed Saifullah ( "rab ntaj ntawm Allah"). Lub companions ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad

Khalid ibn al-Walid yog ib tug uas yeej tus Yaj Saub Muhammad, tom qab ua ib qho ntawm feem ncaj ncees ntawm nws tus khub, ib tug zoo kawg warrior thiab ib tug ci ntsa iab strategist. Tus thawj ntawm cov Muslim voennokomanduyuschih, uas tau tuag lawm Arabia thiab muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv caug zoo Byzantine Empire.

cov ntaub ntawv kawm vitae

Khalid ibn al-Walid yug nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov tshaj nroog ntawm Islam - Mecca, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 592, thiab yog ib tug neeg uas cov pawg neeg ntawm Quraish. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov tub rog thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov Muslims, nrog victories nyob rau hauv 43 loj battles thiab yeej tsis tau swb lawm. Nws nkag mus hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb raws li ib tug ntse heev ntawm cov tub rog lub tswv yim. Historians hais tias nws mingled kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm Genghis Khan, Tamerlane thiab tactical txhab ntawm Napoleon lub hwj chim. Ib tug ntawm nws nyiam sayings mus: "Cowardice yuav tsis sim haum kuv lub neej, thiab lub siab tawv tsis txhob txo nws." Nyob rau hauv nws pab tub rog prevailed nruj kev qhuab qhia, cov tub rog tau distinguished siab tawv thiab muaj peev xwm mus dramatically hloov rau txoj hauj tsis muaj ib tug ntev siege.

Chiv nws yog tawm tsam cov Muslims thiab tus Yaj Saub Muhammad, tiv thaiv nyob rau sab ntawm lub Quraish thiab twb pom hais tias nws muaj peev xwm mus ua tub rog, defeating cov Muslims nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Uhud.

Islam coj ib tug 7 xyoo nyob rau hauv ib tug kab AH, raws li thaum ntxov raws li 8 xyoo tiv thaiv rau tus Yaj Saub, uas qhia nws zoo kawg li muaj zog thiab muaj peev. 10 AH nrog nws ib tug loj ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Najran hloov dua siab tshiab rau Islam, thiab nyob rau hauv '13 yeej ib tug naas ej yeej ntawm Yarmuk, thaum yuav luag tag nrho cov Syria tog nrog cov Muslims.

Nws yog heev disciplined thiab txawj xav warrior, tab sis tej zaum kuj ua tus npaj txhij txog tus cwj pwm: ib zaug, ua nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, yeem tshuav cov tub rog thiab mus rau Hajj. No nws twb muab tshem tawm los ntawm nws ncej raws li commander pem hauv ntej. Tab sis, muab nws ua tau, los ntawm tus ncej voenokomanduyuschego tag nrho pab tub rog nws tseem tsis tau twv kom rau txim rau loj - nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws lub siab, tactical kev txawj ntse ntawm kev sib ntaus los, thiab assertiveness twb paub zoo. Tom qab, lub Caliph Omar cuaj kaum tso nws thiab tig mus rau kev tsov kev pab cuam.

Tuag Khalid ibn al-Walid nyob rau hauv 58 xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 643 (21 th AH) los ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Homs, nyob rau hauv Syria muaj thiab faus.

Yuav ua li cas Sayfullaha thiaj hu ua?

Saifullah - nyob rau hauv Arabic txhais tau tias "rab ntaj ntawm Allah." Yog vim li cas yog nws ib tug paub qab hau commander tau txais ib lub npe menyuam yaus?

Nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov Byzantines, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv Muta, Khalid yog thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau sab ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad. Lub sib ntaus sib tua heev heev, nws tua tag nrho cov chav tsev commanders, thiab tsis ntshai abtsi Khalid coj hais kom ua. Nws xaiv ib tug tshwj xeeb tawm tactics kom tsis txhob swb thiab tsis poob tub rog. Rau kev ua siab loj thiab muaj peev ntawm tus Yaj Saub nws tus kheej hu ua nws Sayfullahom. Txij thaum ntawd los, ces nws ua siab mos qhia thiab hu ua.

tub rog exploits

Nyob rau account ntawm Khalid dozens ntawm loj yeej thiab tsis muaj tsawg tus me ntsis battles. Nws muaj ib tug lub koob npe nrov hais kev txiav txim siab thiab hnyav yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los qhia monstrous phem, sparing tsis muaj ib tug, tsis muaj teeb meem uas sawv nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev. Qhov loj tshaj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsim ntawm Islam yog:

• sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv Byzantium nrog Mute (thawj Khalid nyob rau hauv tus chij ntawm tus Yaj Saub);
• lub conquest ntawm Mecca;
• Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hunain (muaj yog ib tug siab tawv tub rog twb tiag raug mob);
• lub siege ntawm Ta'if;
• sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov yaj saub cuav Huvaylidom nyob rau hauv Buzahe thiab ua kom tiav yeej ntawm tus yeeb ncuab;
• Yamamah peb hlis ntuj nyob rau hauv thiab nws yeej;
• Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Valadzhe, yog ib lub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws battles;
• Ua tsov ua rog nrog rau lub Sassanid Iran nyob rau hauv Iraq (ob lub hlis ntawm tsiv sib ntaus sib tua - thiab winning Sayfulaha ob txhais tes);
• sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Adzhnadin los ntawm cov uas peb yuav to taub qhov ntau ntawm Khalid kev txawj;
• qhov loj tshaj yeej ntawm Yarmouk, nyob rau hauv uas yeej hais txog 40,000 Byzantine cov tub rog.

Zaj lus piv txwv ntawm tus poj warrior

Sayfullaha deathbed mus xyuas ib tug phooj ywg zoo. Qhov zoo warrior tsom nws kuv ceg thiab hais tias:

- Koj puas pom ib tug qhov chaw ntawm no loj tshaj lub xibtes, uas yuav tsis tau them nrog nti thiab qhov txhab?

Txhua ceg ntsia thiab hais tias:

- Tsis muaj, kuv tsis pom.

Khalid ibn al-Walid pom qhov thib ob txhais ceg, thiab nug tib yam. Thiab ib zaug dua Kuv tau txais nyob rau hauv teb mus rau lub tsis kam muab. Tom qab ntawd nws hais kom tshawb xyuas lub caj npab thiab npog tas ib ce, nug tag nrho cov tib.

- Tsis muaj, Nyob zoo, nws yog ib tug ntev kev ncua deb ntawm lub nti yog me npaum li cas tshaj lub xibtes! Yuav ua li cas yog nws tau los mus ciaj sia tom qab thiaj li muaj ntau cov kev raug mob?

Khalid sadly teb hais tias:

- Kuv twb twv rau tus tuag ntawm txhiab ntawm battles, tab sis yog vim li cas kuv ho tsis tuag nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los?

Ib tug neeg paub qab hau phooj ywg teb hais tias:

- Oh, Khalid! Koj muaj peev xwm tsis tuag nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua - cov poj yaj saub muab koj lub npe ntawm lub "Ntaj ntawm Allah". Thiab nws yuav tsum lawm rab ntaj ntawm Allah nyob rau hauv lub battlefield ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm cov tsis ncaj ncees lawm? Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua!

Thaum ib tug phooj ywg yuav ploj mus, Khalid ibn al-Walid sadly hais rau nws tus tub qhe, hammam, tswm seeb qhia rau nws:

- Kuv tuag zoo li ib tug camel nyob rau hauv cov suab puam. Kuv tuag nrog kev txaj muag, dag nyob rau hauv txaj.

Khalid mosque

Thaj neeb cov ntse heev-general yog nyob rau hauv Homs (Syria), qhov zoo heev mosque nyob rau hauv lub yeeb koob ntawm nws exploits ua tau dua nws, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nyob rau hauv 2013 nws cov kev puas tsuaj. Tom qab lub zos ntawm qhov teeb meem , Syrian Thawj Tswj Hwm muab ib tug decree ntawm lub restoration ntawm lub keeb kwm monument.

Nyob rau hauv Bashkortostan, Sterlitamak nyob rau hauv muaj ib tug mosque, kuj ua rau lub yeeb koob ntawm Al-Walid nyob rau hauv 2010.

Ashab al-Kiram

Cia, nws txhais tau tias "feem ntau cov ncaj ncees companions ntawm tus Yaj Saub Mohammed", uas yog muab faib ua peb pawg:

• Muhajirs (neeg txawv teb chaws mus rau Mecca uas tshuav tsev neeg thiab tag nrho lawv tej khoom ntiag tug rau lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev ntseeg);
• Ansar (lub hauv paus txawm cov neeg ntawm Makkah);
• Sahaabah (cov neeg uas hloov dua siab tshiab rau Islam nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw).

Emigrants thiab Ansar nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm coj noj coj ua commanders, governors, thiab cov Sahaabah yog cov transmitters ntawm Hadith (narrations ntawm lub deeds ntawm cov cev Vajtswv Txojlus, nws lub neej, kev xav). Hadiths yog cov hauv paus ntawm kev zoo thiab kev cai lij choj qhuab qhia cov Muslims. Followers ntawm no kev lig kev cai tseem txaus siab rau enormous kev nplua nuj thiab kev sib hwm ntawm cov neeg ntseeg.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, to taub companions yog cov uas tau muaj lub cib fim nyob mus saib tus Yaj Saub Mohammed, tsis muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li cas - tsib feeb los yog ib tug lub neej. Lub npe ntawm tag nrho cov neeg yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb phau ntawv txhais lus uas teev tag nrho lawv deeds, feats thiab kuj zoo kawg deeds. Muslim kws tshawb fawb cam hais tias tag nrho yog hais txog 12 txhiab tus khub ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad, cov uas yog Khalid ibn al-Walid.

Ntau tshaj 1,400 xyoo dhau los, peb pib thawj kauj ruam ntawm Islam rau lub ntiaj teb - sab ntsuj plig kev pab txhawb nqa cov neeg uas txaus siab nyiaj mus dhau kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub neej nyob rau txoj kev mus rau qhov tseeb, thiab Khalid ibn al-Walid nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Islam sawv nyob rau hauv lub forefront ntawm, Revered los ntawm tag nrho cov Muslims ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.