Keeb kwm thiab kev cai monuments ntawm Bashkortostan. Koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan: attractions

Txhua haiv neeg pab pawg neeg yog destined kom dhau lawv txoj kev ua kov yeej lub sij hawm nyuaj los yog raug kev txom nyem kev tsim txom. Tab sis tsis muaj lub zoo-ua rau ib tug ntau dua los yog tsawg raws li yeej tsis ua ib tug era. Lub keeb kwm ntawm Bashkortostan yog tsis muaj exception. Peb twb nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm cov neeg no muaj kev xyiv fab thiab kev tu siab, yeej thiab swb, hwjchim ci ntsa iab thiab txaj muag. Yuav ua li cas recount heev heev epics, uas hais txog Batyrov thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb personalities ntawm yav dhau los. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, niaj hnub Bashkiria - ib tug heev muaj kev vam meej koom pheej ntawm cov cai ntawm cov autonomy nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation (Urals economic cheeb tsam). Tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm. Monuments ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan "qhia" hais txog nws cov centuries-laus lig kev cai.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Bashkirs li haiv neeg tsim txawm nyob rau hauv qhov kuv th. N. e., thiab los ntawm lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw uas zoo heev pib kis Islam, uas yog destined mus ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Nws yog kev lom zem ntau ib tug ntseeg pab mus rau preservation ntawm keeb neeg ntawm cov neeg, assimilation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog noj mus rau hauv tus account uas lub Bashkirs lossi unusually "muaj hmoo" nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Golden Horde thiab cov Khazar Turkic Khaganate, Bulgarskim Khanate. Qhov no yog ib tug theej tej yam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv kev koom ua ke ntawm cais Bashkir pab pawg neeg. Tsis ntev los no lossi nyob rau txawv nrog txhua lwm yam thiab lub zos nyob sib ze haiv neeg.

Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm tau tuaj, thiab lub sij hawm rau feuds tshaj. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI keeb kwm ntawm Bashkortostan ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv channel - cov pejxeem kis mus rau Lavxias teb sab pej xeem, nyob rau hauv lub tutelage ntawm Tsar Ivan qhov txaus ntshai. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws muab ib lub sij hawm kom txhob muaj tus infighting thiab kuj ib txwm loj hlob. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv thaj av ntawm lub Bashkirs pib los mus txav mus rau lub lwm haiv neeg, xws li Tatars, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurt, Mordvinians. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cia li ua Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainians, raws li zoo li lwm yam inhabitants ntawm cov loj heev lub teb chaws, ib yam nkaus thiab, pib tshawb tshiab ib ncig.

Nws twb kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub Bashkirs nyob rau hauv lub wake ntawm cov feem ntau senseless thiab tsis hlub leejtwg li Lavxias teb sab revolt ntawm 1773-1775. Qhov no yog thaws rov los tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus nplua nuj lus dab neeg, tab sis kuj tau muab nws ib lub teb chaws hero - Salavat Yulaev, uas yog pom tias yog ib cov companions ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub neeg pluag uprising Emelyana Pugacheva.

Tom qab ntawd nws yog tus Bashkir Autonomous Soviet koom pheej (txij li thaum 1920). Nws los ua ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws muaj chaw zov me nyuam (tshuaj thiab petrochemical kev lag luam) nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub yav tas yog maj hloov mus rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan nrog nws Kurultai, t. E. Ib bicameral parliament thiab tus thawj tswj hwm. Lub capital yog lub nroog ntawm Ufa, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1574 rau lub site ntawm ib tug ancient hais sib haum ntawm lub hauv paus txawm haiv neeg. Bashkortostan daim ntawv qhia muaj xws li 54 kev tswj cheeb tsam tsev. Ntawm lawv, 21 lub zos thiab 4434 lub zos. Cov pejxeem muaj exceeded 4 lab tus tib neeg, ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv Bashkiria feeb meej nyob rau hauv Ufa thiab cov Ufa cheeb tsam.

Ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kev cai monuments ntawm Bashkortostan

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, xws li ib tug ntev thiab nyuaj txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yuav tsis tau reflected nyob rau hauv lub sculptures thiab cov pov thawj ntawm yav dhau los eras. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Bashkortostan nyob rau hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv yog hais txog ob txhiab ntau yam ntawm monuments ntawm architecture, kos duab, kab lis kev cai thiab archeology.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws monuments ntawm Bashkortostan (daim ntawv teev):

• Tus thawj mosque.
• Monument rau Salavat Yulaev thiab Aleksandru Matrosovu.
• Aksakov neeg lub tsev.
• Mausoleum (ntxa) Bendebike.
• Qhov tsua Shulgan-Tash.
• Ntawm Cathedral ntawm cov Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb.

National chaw ua si thiab reserves paub deb tshaj cov koom pheej thiab li qhia siv kuj nyiam tshiab qhua.

Silent monuments ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm Bashkortostan, displaying tej dab noj qhov chaw nyob rau cov haiv neeg, feem ntau yuav qhia rau ib tug ntau ntau tshaj txawm archival cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis lawv tus nqi yog undeniable los ntawm tej taw tes ntawm view. Qhov no siab siv mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev teev tiam, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub haiv neeg. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau tej txawv teb chaws thiab multi-kev cai dab qhuas lub koom haum, uas yog lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan.

Ntawm Cathedral ntawm cov Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb

Ufa no lub tuam tsev, uas twb ua nyob rau hauv 1903-1909 gg., Yog yog ib tug peb-storied cib tsev nrog ib lub tswb pej thuam thiab dome ntawm ib dome studded nrog hlau ntoo. Pawg ntseeg no twb destined kom ciaj sia lub nyuaj xyoo tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg nws twb tseem kaw, thiab lub chav yog muab tso rau hauv cov huab cua kev cob qhia. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, muaj ib tug yeeb yam ua yeeb yam qhib, disfiguring thaj chaw tshaj Vocabulary. Tsuas yog tau nyob rau hauv lub sunset ntawm lub Soviet era, nyob rau hauv 1991, rov qab mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm lub diocese. Reconstruction ntawm lub Nativity ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Cathedral tau qeeb rau 15 xyoo, tab sis hauv lub tsev ntawm ntuj-xiav xim nrog kub ncaws thiab zoo nkauj painting yog tus tshaj plaws capacious Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv lub capital.

Tus thawj mosque

Bashkortostan kab lis kev cai yog ib tug tiag tiag li imprint ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm no - tus thawj lub tsev teev ntuj los ua nyob rau hauv lub mosque nyob rau hauv xyoo 1830, uas Ameslikas yog ib lub pob zeb tsev nrog ib tug hluas minaret. Tom qab ntawd nws tau rebuilt ob peb lub sij hawm. Qhov no mosque yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia, thiab lub sij hawm tuaj ntawm nws suav ze li ntawm ib txhiab tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, thaum nws ua madrassas thiab Lavxias teb sab-Bashkir ob-xyoo kawm ntawv qib siab. Rau 30 xyoo (1960-1991). Tsuas yog tus mosque tsis tau nres cov kev ua ub nyob rau hauv Ufa.

mausoleum Bendebike

Keeb kwm monuments ntawm Bashkortostan muaj xws li lub qhov ntxa, uas supposedly twb lub ntiaj teb txoj kev ntawm kuj zoo kawg cov poj niam - Bendebike. Nws yog vim nws exceptional txawj ntse thiab yog vim li cas, muaj peev xwm mus xaus tsov rog ntawm lub Bashkirs thiab Kazakhs. Lub tuam tsev no yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug octahedron nrog ib tug dome ua los ntawm bricks ntawm ob xim - qhov tseem ceeb yog grey thiab liab Christmas txog yam tshiab tua.

Nws yog noteworthy uas Bendebike yog tsis Hanshi los yog kav. Nws cia li hais tau paub qab hau poj niam ntawm noble yug, uas tus Council tau mloog tag nrho cov thawj coj ntawm cov pab pawg neeg. Nws lub npe yog honored tsis tau tsuas yog lub Bashkirs, tab sis kuj nyob sib ze haiv neeg, raws li nws txoj kev txawj ntse koob meej yog zoo kawg thiab. Hais txog nws thiab nws tus txiv muaj ntau ntau legends thiab dab neeg.

Aksakov neeg lub tsev

Keeb kwm thiab kev cai monuments ntawm Bashkortostan tseem tuaj ib qho ntawm feem nthuav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm architecture, tsev, ua nyob rau hauv 1909-1920 gg. Raws li yuav pom twb los ntawm lub npe, tus neeg lub tsev fij tseg rau lub cim xeeb ntawm cov koj txawj daim duab Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova, thiab kev tsim kho peb tes num txawm tshaj tawm ib tug kev sib tw rau Russia. Nyiaj sau thoob plaws Ufa. Siv cov kev faib twb nqa tawm tshaj 10 xyoo, txawm hais tias qhov tshwm sim yog nqi nws - txawm tom qab yuav luag ib xyoo pua Aksakov tsev looker nrog nws cov cim architecture. Nws weaved ob peb yeej: Lavxias teb sab Classicism, Baroque thiab East Asian, nrog ntev qhov rais slits. Lub tuam tsev no yog tsim nyog rau embody lub duab ntawm ib tug multinational koom pheej, qhov twg peacefully coexist ob Lavxias teb sab thiab Bashkir. Txij li thaum lub kawg ntawm lub 30s muaj muaj opera thiab tus neeg dhia tes, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hais tias ib tug ob peb xyoos dhau los Aksakov tsev regained nws lub npe qub.

Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam ib lub teb chaws uas tsis honored nws heroes thiab nrhiav kom muaj kim npe nyob rau hauv centuries. Thiab lub warriors nyob hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev uas niaj hnub Belarus yog ib txwm ib tug ntau ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, lub keeb kwm thiab kev cai monuments ntawm Bashkortostan - yog ib tug ceeb toom ntawm lub teb chaws heroes, tsis nco qab hais tias nws yog tsis tau.

Salavat Yulaev

Qhov twg lwm tus tso nws lub monument yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes, raws li yog hais tiv thaiv lub inhabitants ntawm tag nrho cov kev phem no? Monument rau Salavat Yulaev - yog tsis yog ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab cov coob Equestrian pej thuam nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj yog ib tug lub teb chaws cov khoom muaj nqis, nws yog txaus siab ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan.

Nws coj peb xyoo lawm sculptor Soslanbek Tavasieva tawm mus recreate cov duab ntawm lub hero, uas mus tiv thaiv qhov yuav ntawm Catherine lub Great. Thiab es tsis txhob ntawm sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv sab, nws tuaj koom lub siab tawv Pugachev.

Cov cam khwb cia ntawm bronzed hlau, yuav Salavat Yulaev nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb heev lub caij ntawm kev txiav txim siab txog kev hloov mus rau Pugachev. Nws ciali yuav tsum tau hu ua raws li nws, yog li tacitly qhia tshiab tiam ntawm inhabitants ntawm Bashkortostan ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm tus tib neeg ntsuj plig thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv.

Alexander Matrosov

Lub cim xeeb ntawm cov heroes ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg. Nws yog xws li ib tug nco lab ntawm Alexander Matrosov - 19-xyoo-laus tu ncua cov tub rog ntawm lub 2nd infantry Battalion cais, txias Lub ob hlis ntuj hnub obscuring nws lub cev ib tug German tshuab rab phom. Raws li ib tug version, nws tau yug los vim hais tias ntawm Bashkiria. Yog li ntawd peb tsim nyob rau hauv Ufa nyob rau hauv lub 6 th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub yeej bronze pej thuam, depicting Matrosov nyob rau hauv groundsheet nrog ib rab phom rau ib tug pedestal ntawm liab marble - rau edification ntawm xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv.

Monument Nagomu Mihailu Aleksandrovichu

Monument rau cov tsim ntawm Ufa - ib tug tshiab kuj monument. Nws yog teem cia li 7 xyoo dhau los. Nws cim tus tswv xeev, uas yog qhab nia rau nrog pib thiab lub nroog vaj tse. Rau hnub tim, muaj ib tug monument nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm lub yim ntawm Lub peb hlis ntuj, nyob rau outskirts ntawm lub capital ntawm cov koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan. Txawm li cas los, nws yog vam hais tias thaum lub sij hawm, qhov no monument yuav muab nws qhov chaw alongside lwm lub teb chaws heroes.

Friendship monument

Friendship ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab lub Bashkir neeg ntau tshaj 450 xyoo, tab sis thaum pib ntawm nws muab tso rau Ivan Grozny nyob rau hauv lub deb 1557. Nws coj nyob rau hauv nws koojtis, kev txom nyem los ntawm sab hauv strife thiab tyranny Golden Bashkirs. Thiab hnub no lawv muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Yog li pib ib tug tshiab era thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Bashkortostan. Tom qab plaub centuries, nyob rau hauv 1957, lub cim xeeb ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim txiav txim siab los perpetuate, tsim ib Friendship Monument. Lub monument nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hniav tsis muaj ib tug kov (35 meters siab). Ob tug poj niam nrog laurel wreaths nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes, yog nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm tus hniav, sawv cev rau lub Bashkir thiab Lavxias teb sab neeg, thiab laurel "hais lus" hais txog qhov nyob mus ib txhis thiab unbreakable phooj ywg nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Monument rau cov Heroes ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig thiab lub Civil War

Cov xwm txheej no ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov revolt tiv thaiv txhua lwm yam tsis tau tsuas yog nag hmo tus phooj ywg, tab sis kuj cov ntshav txheeb ze. Rau Russia, feem ntau woeful ntawm steel nyob rau hauv no hais txog thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog thiab cov poj Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig.

Yuav luag 40 xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv Bashkortostan nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov heroism ntawm lub teb chaws monument tau tsa, nplooj siab rau cov neeg koom ntawm cov txheej xwm. Nyob rau hauv pedestal yog ib lub tsev mus rau ob peb cov nuj nqis: Red Army tub rog nrog ib rab phom, ib tug kws ntaus hlau nrog ib tug rauj, ib tug dog dig liaj ua teb, nyob rau hauv uas nws ob txhais tes es tsis txhob ntawm lub niaj zaus ua liaj ua teb cov cuab yeej froze rab phom. Cov nuj nqis, uas yog npaj los sawv cev rau ib tug tej yam pab pawg neeg ntawm cov pejxeem, tau kaw ib mortally pig tub rog cov neeg laus, zoo li cov me nyuam nyob ze leej txiv. Qhov no underlines txoj kev sib sau ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub tawm tsam rau lawv txoj cai.

Memorial "Tusiab Niam"

Lub feature ntawm no monument yog hais tias nws yog nplooj siab rau tag nrho cov tub rog uas raug tua thaum noj ib feem nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos tsis sib haum los ntawm 1951 mus 2003, lub monument yog ib tug bronze daim duab ntawm ib tug niam uas npog nws lub ntsej muag, raws li yog hais heev tu siab thaum uas lawv cov me nyuam. Nyob ze ob steles ntawm dub granite, uas yog carved cov npe ntawm cov poob.

Lub legacy ntawm Xwm

Keeb kwm thiab kev cai monuments ntawm Bashkortostan yuav tsis tsim ib tug holistic daim duab, yog hais tias lawv tsis txuam lub txiaj ntsim ntawm leej niam lub ntiaj teb. Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws muaj ntau tshaj ib puas txawv attractions ntawm qhov.

Bashkir State Xwm Reserve

Lub uniqueness ntawm no cheeb tsam yog tias nws emphatically yog muab faib ua ob halves: ib - nyob rau hauv ib tug array ntawm yav qab teb Krakow, ua ntawm hnyav plutonic pob zeb nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, lwm yam - lub Ural-Tau - muaj softer. Reserve - ib tug tshwj xeeb tej yam ntuj tso complex, uas yog nto moo tsis tsuas yog ib tug zoo kawg mix ntawm txawv tsiaj ntawm cov muaj, tab sis kuj relics uas yuav kom nyob ntawm no rau txhiab xyoo.

National chaw ua si "Bashkiria"

Nws lub teb chaws npog txog 82 hectares, qhov twg koj yuav nrhiav tau ntau hom ntawm tsawg tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj teev raws li endangered. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj cov txheej txheem, thiab xws li tej yam ntuj tso monuments ntawm Bashkortostan li Karst choj, Xyooj tus clearing, huam Kutukov-Sumgait.

State Ntuj Reserve "Shulgan-Tash"

Ntuj monuments RB muaj xws li kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam pov tseg ntawm tus dej ntws thiab dawb Yuryuzan. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsawg hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, cov noog thiab cov ntses, nws attracts lub qhov tsua Shulgan-Tash (Kapova qhov tsua). Nws yog ib tug archaeological site ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb, uas nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm yog tus ancient cov neeg, raws li muaj tim khawv los fwm pob zeb paintings thiab ornaments.

Natural Park "Muradymovskoe Noj tsau hwv lawm" yog notable rau lub fact tias nws dim hauv lub qhov tsua, nyob rau hauv uas ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv lub thawj inhabitants ntawm lub Urals. Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv no tej cheeb tsam muaj ntau tshaj plaub caug qhov chaw, xws li tej qhov tsua Feem ntau cov Labirintovaya, Ice, Novo thiab Staromuradymovskie. Chaw nres tsheb peb pog koob yawg koob pom nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov tsua nquab.

Niaj hnub nimno Bashkiria - kiag li charming cheeb tsam, khaws cia rau hauv lub cim, relict xwm, diluted teb chaws xim. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis mus poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus thawj zaug, nws twb tsis muaj hwj chim tshaj lub sij hawm nws tus kheej. Xwm lovers yog pom zoo kom mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws thiab txaus siab rau ntau yam zoo nkauj qhov chaw uas abound card ntawm Bashkortostan.