Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy - neeg uas xav tau qhov tseeb ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy, artist ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 19th caug xyoo, mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li qhov tus tsim ntawm domestic painting neeg uas xav tau qhov tseeb qauv nyob rau hauv kos duab. Nws nquag muaj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb realism nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li cov khoom nyob rau lub hom phiaj ntawm daim duab. Muaj ntau ntawm nws paintings yog pom tau hais tias classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Tus sau yog ib tug tswv ntawm portraits, keeb kwm thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem scenes.

cov ntaub ntawv kawm vitae

Kramskoy, artist, nto moo rau nws tiag paintings, tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1837 nyob rau hauv Voronezh xeev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab hauv chav kawm ntawv tsev neeg. Nws kawm tiav ostrogorzhskoe tiag tiag lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm tsev neeg lub neeg txom nyem tsis muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv kom lawv txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv high school. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub zos Duma, nws tau los ua xav nyob rau hauv cov yees duab retouching. Tsis ntev, nws tus kws qhia ntawv yog M. Tulin uas qhia nws cov qauv rau kev painting. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab Kramskoy, ib tug artist zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rau nws portraits, nws tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov uas nws pib nws fruitful artistic hauj lwm, uas ntawd kub ntev li kom txog thaum lub cia li tuag nyob rau hauv 1887.

Kawm ntawm lub academy

Nyob rau hauv 1857, nws tau los ua ib tug thwj tim ntawm Academician Markov, uas tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv keeb kwm painting. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb nws tau txais ob peb medals rau ob qho tib si nws paintings thiab cov ntawv luam ntawm paintings los ntawm lwm yam nyuab rau kev cai dab qhuas ntxhais. Ib tug me me kub puav pheej ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej nto moo neeg pleev kob tau txais ib tug painting rau rau siab ua biblical kawm.

Rau cov artist lub npe nrog rau txoj kev yuav tau txais ib lub xeev cov nyiaj laus yuav tsum tau xa mus rau cov kev sib tw ua hauj lwm rau cov theem ntawm cov Scandinavian sagas. Txawm li cas los, Kramskoy, artist, mob siab rau ib tug tiag duab ntawm cov txheej xwm thiab muaj tswv yim txoj kev ywj pheej, nrog rau kaum peb lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm tig mus rau tus Academy ntawm Management nrog ib tug thov kom tshem tawm lawv los ntawm kev sib txeeb, pum nws siab tias lawv xav kom sau rau ntawm tej yam uas yog lawv tus kheej xav. Tom qab ntawd tus hluas painters teem lawv artistic neeg loj leeb, uas, li cas los xij, yog short-lived, txij li thaum nws cov tswv cuab tsis ntev txiav txim siab tsiv mus nyob rau lub xeev cov ntsiab lus.

"Peredvizhniki"

Neeg pleev kob rau Kramskoy, uas nws paintings twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm nws ua hauj lwm tau ua ib tug iconic kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev cai lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws, los ua ib tug ntawm cov organizers thiab ideological inspirers ntawm lub koom haum. Nws cov tswv cuab defended lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm realism nyob rau hauv kos duab, active kev thiab cov pej xeem txoj hauj lwm ntxias. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, tus sau defended lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm realism. Nws ntseeg hais tias cov painting yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog yuav credible, tab sis kuj dais tus cuj pwm thiab kev kawm cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm tshwj xeeb ua txoj infused.

Nyob rau hauv lub 1870s, tus sau tsim ib tug tag nrho series ntawm zoo kawg li portraits ntawm nws nto moo contemporaries: nws sau rau cov duab ntawm Tolstoy, Nekrasov, Shishkin, Tretyakov thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv no series, ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm ib tug portrait ntawm lub artist Kramskoy tsim los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv 1867. Qhov no web muaj ib tug high degree ntawm realism raws li tus so ntawm nws ua hauj lwm lub sij hawm.

Portrait ntawm Nikolai Nekrasov

Muaj ntau portraits ntawm tus sau yog sau nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem paintings. Xwm li nyob rau lawv yog hais neeg nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, yog li cov paintings yog scenes ntawm lub neej thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej.

Ib qho piv txwv yog tus naas ej ua hauj lwm ntawm cov artist, "Nekrasov thaum lub sij hawm lub" Xeem Songs "," 1877-1878 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv daim duab no, cov artist teem tawm mus qhia tus naas ej kws sau paj lug ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub kawg lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv lub artist lub chaw ua hauj lwm ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm lub ntsiab ntawm tib neeg puas siab puas ntsws yaam puab paub, ntawm nws tawm tsam nrog txoj kev tuag, los yog muaj kev poob siab. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm masters ntawm cov kev kawm muaj tsis muaj kev sib dimension, raws li nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov painters. Nws yeej ib txwm tsom sib ntaus sib tua tus ntsuj plig nrog tus kab mob no thiab feem ntau ntau muaj kev tswj kom qhia no lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no daim duab.

Poj niam portraits

Tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo ua hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv - nrag "Lub Hmoob." Artist Kramskoy hais ntxiv txog qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm nws cov qauv. Nws nyuab siab tias nws yog ib qho nroog fashionistas, li ntawd, ua tib zoo txiav txim rau nws zoo li: ib tug nplua nuj plaub lub tsho tiv no, flirty headdress zoo nkauj hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab fabrics.

Schedule ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub keeb kwm yav dhau los no painting yog ntawm ob qhov tseem ceeb: nws yog nyob rau hauv ib taws kub nnyiab ya, raws li cov neeg sau ntawm tag nrho cov peb paub tsom rua lub elegant cov tub ntxhais poj niam. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam pleev xim portraits ntawm cov artist Ivan Kramskoy. sau lub paintings yog ib tug txawv mus ob peb vas.

Yog hais tias tus poj niam nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no daim duab qhia tau hais tias ib tug zoo siab kaj siab lug teeb, tus qauv nyob rau hom ntaub khov heev "Hluas nkauj nrog nws rab liag," los ntawm contrast, yog muaj nyob rau hauv yooj yim, txawm mob heev lub sij hawm ntawd thaum nws ciali tso txhua lwm tus neeg thiab yog nkaus self-absorbed. Yog li ntawd, nws lub ntsej muag, raws li txwv mus rau lub tsos ntawm ib tug neeg txawv, qhia sib sib zog nqus concentrated txawj xav, kev tu siab thiab kev tu siab lub teeb.

"Inconsolable kev tu siab"

Qhov no duab twb pleev xim rau hauv 1884, tshwm sim los ntawm cov artist tus kheej kev tu siab, uas poob nws tus tub. Yog li ntawd, raws li ib tug poj niam, muaj nyob rau hauv kev quaj ntsuag hnav ris tsho, paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus poj niam ntawm tus sau.

Qhov no painting txawv los ntawm lwm yam tej hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm hais tias tag kev cia siab, uas nws yog imbued. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub canvas qhia tau hais tias ib tug nruab nrab-hnub nyoog poj niam nyob rau hauv ib tug dub hnav ris tsho. Nws sawv tom ntej no mus rau ib lub thawv tag nrho ntawm paj. Nws tu siab yog qhia tsis nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm, uas yog heev tej yam ntuj, thiab txawm free, thiab nws ob lub qhov muag thiab tsiv nws ob txhais tes, uas nws presses ib tug khaub hlab rau nws lub qhov ncauj. Qhov no painting yog tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub artist thiab Lavxias teb sab kos duab nyob rau hauv feem ntau.