Fodor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky: Pentateuch

Lub tswvyim ntawm "Pentateuch" mus rov qab mus rau hauv phau Vajlugkub thiab txhais tau tias tsib phau ntawv - tsib qhov chaw, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas rau noob neej yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate, vim hais tias lawv - thaum pib ntawm Vajtswv tej lus tshwm sim rau cov txiv neej. Thiab yog dab tsi yog "tus poj Dostoevsky Pentateuch"? Yog soj ntsuam ua ke nyob rau hauv nws lub luag hauj lwm thiab tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv.

Dostoevsky thiab qhov tseeb

Ua ntej peb yuav pib sib tham txog cov novels uas sau Dostoevsky (Pentateuch), kuv xav hais tias ib tug ob peb lo lus hais txog cov neeg sau yog leejtwg lawm. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau tsis muab lub scale ntawm cov nuj nqis Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo. Nws ua hauj lwm tau ib puas thiab tsib caug xyoo, nws tseem yog ib tug inexhaustible qhov chaw rau kev tshawb fawb thiab foundations ntawm linguists, txawj critics, philosophers, psychologists, filmmakers thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Tag nrho cov no hais lus ntawm lub hauv paus rau cov kws ntawv, tab sis ntau heev tshaj dua - hais tias mus rau hnub no tsis tau solved ib co tseem ceeb daim card los ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, tus ntsuj plig, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm nws cov lus. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsis, tsis tau thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav daws tau vim hais tias nws yog muab zais qhov tseeb, lub sab saum toj ntawm uas, zoo li ib tug floating iceberg, qhib lub qhov muag, thiab cov underwater ib feem to taub tsis tau. Tab sis nws yog precisely no incomprehensibility yog lub essence ntawm qhov tseeb thiab qhov essence ntawm Dostoyevsky. Nws, zoo li nws mysterious lus, ces los ntawm lub siab thiab tsis totaub, thiab muab lub deepest kev txom nyem, thiab kev xyiv fab, thiab yuav qhib tib neeg lub siab rau Vajtswv. Tom qab nws, raws li tom qab Fyodor cov phau ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab lub novels ntawm lub Pentateuch, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau nyob twj ywm li qub. Yog tsis yog Vajtswv cov kev tshwm sim?

ntsiab tswv yim

Peb mus txuas ntxiv mus hais lus txog tej hauj lwm uas sau Dostoevsky (Pentateuch). Yuav ua li cas koom siab ua ke no novels? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv tau sau ib tug los ntawm ib tug nyob rau hauv lub kawg lub sij hawm ntawm tus kws lub neej los ntawm 1866 mus 1880. Tom ntej no, thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - lawv yog raws li nyob rau hauv ob lub tswv yim - Vajtswv thiab Russia. Peb tsis tau hais tias Fedor Mikhailovich tsis nyob rau cov teeb meem ua ntej. On qhov tsis tooj, nws tau ntev harbored lawv, "Rummage" twb nrhiav tau rau lub zoo meej zoo qhia lawv, kom txog rau thaum thaum kawg muaj tsis muaj "kev ua txhaum thiab rau txim rau" - tus thawj phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub series "Great Pentateuch Dostoevsky" (daim ntawv teev nram no hauv qab no). Tab sis qhov no quest tsis tsum li. Qhov zoo txawj sau ntawv puv ib ncig thiab mus rau lwm txoj kev. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm nws tshiab tshiab - "Lub ruam." Dostoevsky hais tias nws tshiab tsis zoo siab vim hais tias nws tsis tau qhia ib feem kaum ntawm uas tsim nyob rau hauv nws tus plig. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tsis tsis kam, thiab hlub nws, thiab txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav tau rau perfection ...

tshiab phiaj los nqis tes

Mus rau daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Phau ntawv ntawm Dostoevsky, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv 1872 tshwm tus tshiab "Dab", uas cov kws ntawv muaj siab kev cia siab. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws xav pom ib tug loj exponent ntawm lawv cov tswv yim, txawm nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis ntawm artistry. Tom qab ntawd, qhov no ua hauj lwm yog suav tias yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, tus tshiab-ceeb toom, romance-fulfilling los yav tom ntej, uas, Tu siab, ua ib tug kev muaj tiag.

Tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland" magazine tawm tshiab "hluas" (1875). Thiab sau lub series, sau los ntawm Dostoevsky (Pentateuch), cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj hwj chim ua hauj lwm - "Lub kwv tij Karamazov" (1880). Saum toj no nws, nws ua hauj lwm ntev li ob xyoos, thiab nyob rau hauv nws, raws li cov ntaub ntawv, embodies ib tug ntawm cov tswv yim - cov theem ntawm "sab ntsuj plig kev loj hlob." Raws li cov kws ntawv, rau txhua tus neeg thiab Dostoevsky yog tsis muaj tsuas yog, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los sis lwm mus los ntawm peb successive theem nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm tus - kev coj li hluas (Dmitry), tsis kam ntawm Vajtswv (John), siab sab ntsuj plig (Alyosha).

protagonists

Leej twg yog tus ua kom pom tseeb ntawm Dostoevsky? Lub ntsiab cim ntawm lub series, sau los ntawm Dostoevsky (Pentateuch), - nws yog zoo tib yam cov neeg uas nrhiav kev zoo siab. Tab sis tsis zoo li Pushkin thiab Gogol tus "me txiv neej", lub tswv tsev, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab nobles yog tag nrho ntawm lub dag lub zog thiab kev txiav txim los hloov lawv tus kheej thiab lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm. Zoo siab nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev nkag siab - qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug momentary Library, tsis kom los siav lawv nyob hauv ntiajteb no xav tau kev pab, whims thiab kev ntshaw, thiab kev tshawb fawb rau ib tug universal, qhia ntawv, universal tib neeg kev zoo siab. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv no endeavor lawv ua yuam kev, txhaum txoj cai ntawm Vajtswv. Tab sis lub txim thiab hloov siab lees txim yog inevitable. Cleansing yog unthinkable yam uas tsis tau bridling muaj nuj nqis, tsis tau muab lawv tus kheej "Kuv", tua neeg ntawm ib tug tus kheej "Napoleon" thiab lub tom ntej resignation. Muaj ntau critics liam tus kws uas sau ntev li phem rau nws "pawg ntseeg", uas nws tau raug kev txom nyem tsis nyiam kev tsim txom thiab "ruaj" rau tsim txom. Txawm li cas los, Fyodor Mikhailovich, nws paub txog qhov kev Brunt ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab hloov siab lees txim, nws hais tias nyob rau hauv lub novels ntawm lub Pentateuch, uas tsis muaj no txoj kev mus rau qhov tseeb, txoj kev cawm seej yog tsis tau. Nws tsis yog tus founder ntawm sab ntsuj plig cai ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lawv nrhiav tau los ntawm tus Cawm Seej, thiab nws tsuas nco cov neeg txog lawv.