Fodder grasses: piav qhia

Tsiaj txu - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb ceg ntawm ua liaj ua teb. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los xyuas kom meej qhov giant (nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no scale) domestic tsiaj pub. Tsis kawg luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev daws no tsis yooj yim teeb meem ua si fodder cereals. Ntau yam, tus nqi noj haus, unpretentious nroj tsuag pab kom tiv nrog qhov teeb meem no.

cereals

nyom tsev neeg twb yuav luag xya puas thiab rau caum genera thiab ntau tshaj kaum ib thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab hom. Lawv muaj sib txawv siv:

• khoom noj khoom haus (nplej, rye, thiab lwm tus);
• nog (Timautes, cov vaj txiv nyom , thiab lwm yam)
• siv raws li ib lub tsev khoom (xyoob);
• papermaking (papyrus);
• raws li ib txoj kev ntawm combating av yaig (muaj zog paus system yuav ua rau nws tau mus kho cov xuab zeb dunes);
• nyom (qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau kuj mus tsuj);
• hniav (mas rau dai kom zoo ntawm loj heev lawns los yog chaw ua si).

Cereals tau ua raws li cov nroj tsuag. Lawv kis cov qoob loo, orchards, Downing lwm cultivated nroj tsuag. Ib tug tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm ib tug couch. Txawm tias qhov no tshuaj ntsuab no yog feem ntau mowed rau hay, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv nees cov yug me nyuam.

Ua tau, fodder cog nyom - qhov no nyom ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cereals, uas yog siv raws li pub ua liaj ua teb cov tsiaj. Qhov no yuav ua tau quav nyab, ntsuab hnav khaub ncaws, pasture, silage los yog grain.

Lawv kis thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, loj hlob txig rau tag nrho cov continents, xws li Antarctica. Qhov no neeg ib txwm nyob hu ua lub Antarctic plaub hau nyom, los yog Deschampsia Antarctica, thiab yog muab teev - txhua xyoo Bluegrass. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv cereal cov qoob loo nyob txog 30% ntawm lub acreage. Lug siv tej yam ntuj tso thiab cultivated pastures.

Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cereals. Lawv yog ib qhov chaw uas zoo, as pub rau tag nrho cov tsiaj txhu hom. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los ua ib tug txhim khu kev qha cov zaub mov uas qhaj ntawv los yog tsis txaus tej yam ntuj tso grasslands thiab pastures, tsis muaj kev siv ntawm sown fodder grasses. Nyob rau hauv cog qoob loo siv lawv muaj peev xwm mus hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, pom nws thiab ua tawm los ntawm tom ntej qoob loo.

hom ntawm grasses

A tsev neeg ntawm pub grain sawv cev los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj ob peb classifications:

• Lub neej expectancy:

- annuals;

- long-term;

• los ntawm hom ntawm tillering:

- rhizome;

- ryhlokustovye;

- plotnokustovye;

• Qhov siab ntawm cov nyom:

- Nees;

- poluverhovye;

- lub grassroots;

• los ntawm cultivating lub siab:

- kev cai;

- qus.

Hauj lwm ntawm cereal:

• Qia. Hu culm, feem ntau yog hollow, phua ntshav. Yeej, nqaij mos neodrevesnevevshaya, tab sis tseem muaj tsob ntoo zoo li zoo - xyoob. Nws hlob sai sai, yuav ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm 30 meters.
• Tua. Yuav vegetative thiab generative. Branching inflorescence tsam los yog nyob rau hauv tillering.
• Nplooj. Vos, feem ntau yog tsis muaj kav sessile, lub qhov chaw mos yog tsis tau kaw. Depart los ntawm txhua node los ntawm ib tug, ib tug los ntawm ib tug. Teem nyob rau hauv ob opposite kab rau tus kav.
• Cov hauv paus hniav. fibrous system zoo absorbs thiab accumulates cov dej thiab cov as-ham.
• Inflorescence. Muaj ob peb hom: panicles, pob ntseg, pob ntseg, tassels, plumes (ntsia hlau loj panicles). Tag nrho cov inflorescence muaj ob peb paj.
• Paj. Feem ntau hermaphroditic (muaj cov pistil thiab Stamens), inconspicuous, me me, tsis muaj perianth qhia tau meej heev. Tus kheej los yog cua-pollinated.
• Txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Hu weevil (colloquially - grain), pericarp tsis yog separable los ntawm cov noob, zes qe menyuam - Ib Jack (ib ovule yog ib tug hluas muaj kab noj hniav).

Vegetative tu tub tu kiv tshwm sim, cov noob los sis siv rhizomes.

perennial

Perennial nog nyom loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso pastures thiab hayfields, siv nyob rau hauv mixtures. Cov neeg sawv cev hedgehog, ryegrass, Timaute, brome, beardless, foxtail thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws yuav ntse loj hlob thiab tsim cov qoob loo li ob peb lub caij nyoog. nws yog los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm xyoo:

• thiav ntawm me me - 2-3 xyoo;
• nruab nrab thiav - 4-5 xyoo;
• ntev-sawv - ntau tshaj 5 xyoos.

Tag nrho cov perennial zaub noj grasses ntoo khaub lig-pollinating. Cua pollination tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov lub sij hawm. Rau grasses raug yog osypaemost noob.

annuals

Ib xyoos ib zaug nog grasses nyob ib xyoos. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj xws li ntshai, pob kws, Sudan nyom, txhua xyoo ryegrass, hlaws millet, sorghum, oats thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lawv feem ntau sown nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm mixtures, xws li sorghum rau silage ntxawm. Sudan nyom muab ib qho zoo heev tawm los ntawm quav nyab nrog ib tug muaj protein ntau cov ntsiab lus. Panic muaj proven nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub ntsuab siv. Nws pib tu thaum lub sij hawm ncaws ntawm panicles, yog noj los ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm ua liaj ua teb. tsiaj thiab cov noog.

qus

Nog grasses yuav ua tau qus. Cov nroj tsuag muaj lug faib nyob rau hauv lub steppe thiab hav zoov steppe aav. Lawv yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab hom khoom noj khoom haus, tsis tsuas yog rau cov ua liaj ua teb cov tsiaj, tab sis kuj rau cov tsiaj qus ungulates. Fibrous paus system nti yuav av, kom lub loj expanses ntawm steppe nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv.