Nyom pub: tshis rue, clover, alfalfa, clover qab zib. Pab zog, sau qoob

Ib xyoos ib zaug los yog perennial zaub noj grasses - nqi cov qoob loo uas yog zus rau cov tsiaj pub. Yus ib tug zoo tawm los, tus nqi noj haus thiab muaj ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb thiab ntau yam luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntxiv dag zog rau lub fodder puag. Loj hlob lawv nyob rau ntsuab zaub noj, silage, haylage, hay, nyom noj mov thiab raws li grazing culture.

Nyom nog - ib tug tseem ceeb khoom noj khoom haus vim hais tias nws muaj protein, carbohydrates, fiber, thiab ntau yam vitamins and minerals uas tseem ceeb rau tej kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj. Nws cov nyiaj txiag muaj nqis nyob ntawm cov khoom noj haus, tsim tau, palatability ntawm tsiaj nyeg, raws li zoo raws li lub loj heev nyob rau hauv txawv cheeb tsam.

Hom nog grasses

Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog cultivated ntau tshaj 80 cov tsiaj ntawm no kab lis kev cai, thiab muaj txog 5,000 natural pawg neeg thaj av.

Tag nrho cov nyom fodder raug muab faib ua 4 pawg:

• taum;
• cereals;
• sedge;
• uas muaj nplooj loj.

Rau lub duration ntawm lub neej ntawm cov nyom fodder muaj peev xwm yuav annuals thiab perennials.

Cov tsev neeg ntawm legumes

Taum nog nyom rau nog pawg neeg thaj av ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv me me, tab sis muaj ib tug ncaj high pub zog: cov kab lis kev cai yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv protein thiab yog zoo heev noj los ntawm cov tsiaj. Qhov tseem ntau clover (liab, dawb, liab), qhaus corniculatus, alfalfa, daj, tiaj nyom, thiab lwm yam nyob qib.

Cov tsev neeg ntawm grasses

Qhov no pab pawg neeg yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov cheeb tsam (tsuas yog deserts) thiab muab feem ntau ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm pasture nog los yog quav nyab (feem ntau mus txog 80-90%). Feem ntau cov cereals muaj lub siab tawv meej mom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais lawv tus mob. Thaum lub sij hawm senouborki thaum lub sij hawm qhuav cov tshuaj ntsuab yog zoo li las nplooj, uas yog cov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw. Qhov tseem ntau cereals xws li plaub, quackgrass, Ostrets li al.

Sedge nyom fodder

Yuav kom qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj ntsuab muaj xws li nroj tsuag ntawm cov tsev neeg Cyperaceae thiab Juncaceae. Cov haiv neeg yog hais tias yuav ntawm me ntsis nqi nyob rau hauv lub pub txoj kev npaj, thiab theej phem heev noj los ntawm cov tsiaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj tsam ntawm lub hav zoov tsam feem ntau ua li lub ib thooj ntawm quav nyab (dej sedge, Carex slender, thiab lwm tus). Thiab nyob rau hauv cov suab puam thiab semi-suab puam, muaj ntau sedges yog tseem ceeb nog nroj tsuag.

motley nyom

Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li tag nrho lwm cov botanical tsob nroj tsev neeg. Grasses - tiaj nyom nyom nog, uas muaj peev xwm tej zaum yuav mus txog 60-70% ntawm cov zaub. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm lawv yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg economic tseem ceeb. Nroj tsuag ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntau noj tshaj cereals, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm lawv yog tsawg npaum li cas noj los ntawm cov tsiaj vim hais tias ntawm cov ntsim saj, thorniness, pubescence thiab lwm tus neeg. Me me cov ntsiab lus grasses (cuff, dandelion, cumin, etc.) Nyob rau hauv lub sawv ntsug (20%) - ntshaw siv vim hais tias cov mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg txoj kev palatability thiab pub nws cov nyuj.

Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj uas pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub herbage hay siv yog undesirable, vim hais tias:

• nws displaces lub nqi ntau legumes thiab cereals;
• ntawm cov grasses pom ib tug ntau ntawm cov nroj (teb bindweed, nroj tsuag daj thiab lwm tus neeg.) thiab tshuaj lom (tshuaj lom buttercup, hellebore, milestones lom aconite thiab lwm tus neeg.) nroj tsuag.

Pub txhua xyoo grasses

Lub peculiarity ntawm txhua xyoo zaub noj grasses hais tias lawv txoj kev loj hlob phaum yog tiav tsis pub dhau ib lub xyoo, thiab lawv tuag. Tseb rau greenery rau noj, silage, raws li zoo raws li muab ib tug concentrated pub. Ib xyoos ib zaug grasses muab high loo ntawm ntsuab loj, muaj ib tug high zaub mov muaj nqis, muaj ib tug luv luv loj hlob rau lub caij.

Vim lub fact tias cov nroj tsuag txiav nyom yuav siav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 50-60 hnub, cov haiv neeg yog indispensable rau intermediate cov qoob loo, nyob rau hauv ib tug tibneeg hu tauj coob ob peb.

Ib xyoos ib zaug grasses raug muab faib ua ob hom:

• taum;
• Bluegrass (cereals).

Ib xyoos ib zaug legume nog cov qoob loo uas sown nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov nqi tshaj plaws nroj tsuag - caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj no vetch, rank, fodder lupine, ornithopus.

Cereal grasses yog ntau kub-hlub annuals, lawv cog nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-rhuab av rau lub sowing ntawm thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav cov qoob loo. Cov nqi ntau tshaj yog: Sudan nyom, ntshai, sorghum, txhua xyoo ryegrass, Siberian millet, pearl pias thiab lwm tus neeg.

Perennial nog grasses

Perennial nog nyom - sowing herbaceous nroj tsuag, lub neej expectancy ntawm uas ntau tshaj ib xyoo. Yog zus rau cov tsiaj pub.

Lub culture muaj ntau tshaj 50 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv sown feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nyom mixtures, uas muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau zaub noj zoo thiab av fertility. Tseb ntshiab cov qoob loo thiab tsim cultivated pastures yog qoob loo tig.

Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, perennial grasses yog tsim heev maj mam, overgrown nrog weeds thiab yuav ua tau tsawg loo. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tau pom zoo tom qab sowing cereals los yog kab qoob loo nyob rau hauv composted quav los yog cov av.

Perennial grasses thiab fodder raug muab faib mus rau hauv:

• PoÅ (nyom). Feem ntau: Timautes, brome, perennial ryegrass, nplej nyom, ryegrass siab, Kentucky Bluegrass, ryegrass mnogoukosny, slender Wheatgrass, cov vaj txiv nyom, bentgrass dawb, thiab liab fescue, foxtail thiab lwm tus neeg.
• Legumes: alfalfa, clover dawb, liab clover, clover liab, sainfoin, qhaus corniculatus.

Yuav kom tsim ib tug heev tsim nyom yuav tsum tau yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntsiab ua liaj ua teb cov kev coj ntawm cov sau qoob rau kab lis kev cai.

tshis rue

Kozljatnika koom mus rau ib tug perennial tshuaj ntsuab ntawm tsev neeg ntawm legumes. Qia branched erect, feem ntau nws nce mus txog ib qhov siab ntawm 1 m, lub thiab fertile xau yog tau loj hlob mus txog 1.5 m. Cov hauv paus system muaj ib tug pas nrig ntaus, germinates thiab 80 cm nyob rau hauv qhov tob. Nyob rau lub ntsiab paus ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv ua. Ua ntej, lawv tsim horizontally mus rau 30 cm thiab ces yuav ciaj sia thiab tsim tshiab stems.

Nplooj imparipinnate stemmed nroj tsuag, mus rau 30 cm.

Tshis tus rue - nog nyom nrog daj ntseg violet los yog xiav paj zoo li neeb, uas yog sau nyob rau hauv-inflorescence txhuam. Rau ntawm txhua lub kav yeej yuav tsum tsim nyob rau ntawm 3-5 daim. Fruiting tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj thiab Lub kaum hli ntuj. Taum loj me me (2-4 cm ntev), tsaus txiv kab ntxwv, luag xim av, 3-7 nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo noob. Tshis tus rue muaj ib tug es qeeb txoj kev loj hlob, thiab yog hais tias nws tsis yog kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg hlob mus rau 20 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab, nws yog feem ntau cov workpiece yog pauv mus rau lub xyoo tom ntej.

Noob yuav tau muaj qhov zoo tshaj ntawm germination mus rau 8 lub xyoo.

Tshis tus rue yog heev te-resistant nroj tsuag uas muaj peev xwm zam zoo txawm heev hnyav winters.

2 paub hom no tsob nroj oriental tshis rue (tshuaj ntsuab fodder) thiab lam.

txhua xyoo ryegrass

Zoo heev nog tsob nroj, muab zoo ntsuab fodder thiab quav nyab. Ntsuab loj muaj 3.2% protein, 2.3% protein, 8% kev noj haus fiber. Nws eagerly noj los ntawm nyuj, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug zoo noj rau kev noog. Ib xyoos ib zaug ryegrass nyab nutritionally tsis inferior hay ntawm ntshai, Sudan nyom thiab lwm yam cereal qoob loo. Tsiaj txhu noj zoo thiab straw. Ib xyoos ib zaug loo ntawm quav nyab - txog 7-8 t / his ntawm ntsuab loj - mus 20-30 t / ha, lub noob - 0.5-0.6 t / ha.

Ib xyoos ib zaug ryegrass muaj siab otavnost, thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij muab 2-3 mowings. Tom qab lub thib ob txiav nyom loj hlob ntaug yuav siv tau raws li pasture nog kom txog thaum lig ntog, vim nws tolerates me caij nplooj zeeg frosts.

melilot

Qhov no unpretentious txhua xyoo los yog biennial legume, muaj peev xwm loj hlob nyob rau hauv heev neeg pluag, zeb, stony thiab av nplaum xau, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj topsoil. clover nroj tsuag yog tsis ntshai ntawm ntsev nrog rau nws thiab alkaline xau, tab sis tsis tso acidic av muaj dej thiab sib quas ntus hnyav av, nrog rau cov nyob ze sib thooj ntawm cov dej rooj. Lub hauv paus system yog muaj zog thiab zoo tsim, yog li no tshuaj ntsuab yuav muab ib tug zoo qoob loo nyob rau hauv arid tej qhov chaw uas lwm nog cov qoob loo hlawv. Thaum txaus qhov ntau ntawm nag sau ntsuab loj muaj peev xwm mus txog mus txog 8.7 tons / ha.

clover tsob nroj yog ntse siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, tab sis kuj rau ntsuab quav.

Noob yuav ciaj sia nyob rau tom ib tug kub ntawm los ntawm 2 mus rau 50 C °, tua yuav mas khov -6 ...- 5 ° C, thiab txias-resistant perennial ib co ntau ntau yam yog te tsis ntshai 40 ° C.

Qab zib clover yog ib tug tseem ceeb high-protein fodder nroj tsuag, uas yog tsis nutritionally ua tsis tau zoo clover, alfalfa thiab sainfoin. Nws muaj peev xwm feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv meadows, tsis muaj ntau ntau, roadsides.

Nws yog ntuj qhuav heev-resistant, txias-resistant thiab resistant mus cog cov kab mob thiab kab haum rau greenery, silage thiab zaub nyuj. Yuav zus nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si mixtures, raws li zoo raws li lawv tus kheej.

dawb clover

Hlob zoo nyob rau hauv zeb, loamy weakly acidic los yog nruab nrab xau. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm cov nyom (clover) yog tau paj thiab tsim noob. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo ntawm lub neej los tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw muaj peev xwm loj hlob mus txog 9-10 xyoo.

Nyom (clover), dej thiab hnub-hlub, te resistant. Nws yog zoo tshaj plaws zus nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj noo txias kev nyab xeeb, qhov muaj yog tsis muaj dej.

Sowing dawb clover yog ib qho zoo heev nog nroj tsuag uas muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov protein. Pritaptyvanie nyuj thaum grazing tsis inhibit cov nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, nws muaj txhawb rau ib tug zoo dua sprawl. Cog ib legume uas txoj av fertility. Nws xam nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog Timautes nyom mixtures, ryegrass thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag pab txoj kev pub zoo pasture nyom - nce protein cov ntsiab lus, phosphorus, muaj roj, calcium, poov tshuaj, thiab thiaj li fiber. Cov tawm los ntawm ntsuab loj nyob rau hauv lub meadows - txog 60-120 kg / ha, hay txog 18-35 kg / ha, noob 3.0-5.0 t / ha.

alfalfa

Qhov no yog ib tug perennial nyom nog legumes. Siv ob yam li ntsuab fodder, thiab tau txais high quality quav nyab. Alfalfa noob no kuj siv rau lam hom phiaj. Culture pab txoj kev av qauv, raws li tau zoo raws li nitrogen-enriched av, rhuav tseg cov nroj tsuag. Yus siab kuj rau ntuj qhuav heev thiab lub caij ntuj hardiness. Nyob rau hauv herbage tej zaum yuav tuav mus txog 10 xyoo los yog ntau txawm tias. Tom qab txiav hlob maj mam.

Qhov no nroj tsuag prefers pub dub av, hav zoov-steppe av zoo ua qoob, peat thiab xim av gray xau thiab lwm yam txiv qaub-nplua nuj av. Alfalfa hlob tsis zoo rau waterlogged thiab hnyav av nplaum xau.

Qhov no nroj tsuag muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov vitamins and protein. Nws yog zoo digested cov los ntawm herbivores. Alfalfa noob sown ob nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv admixture.