Erlih Volf Iosifovich - Soviet kws sau paj lug: biography, creativity

Nws lub npe yog tsis nrov, tab sis nws coj tau li ntawd, npaum li cas warmth thiab kev tu siab ... Lub siab admirer ntawm Armenia, ib tug tub ntxhais ntse kws sau paj lug thiab ib tug zoo txiv neej, Sergei Yesenin lub tragic thiab untimely tuag phooj ywg, crushed los ntawm ib tug yoj ntawm kev tsuj, tab sis tsis nco qab lawm - Erlih Volf. Nws - tus neeg sau ntawm lub amazing paj huam, cov me nyuam cov phau ntawv thiab loj tej hauj lwm uas tau ua classics ntawm Soviet ntaub ntawv.

Volf Iosifovich Erlih, Biography

I. hma twb yug los rau hli ntuj 7, 1902 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Simbirsk, lub tsev neeg ntawm cov Volga Germans. Nws txiv - ib tug kws muab tshuaj, Erlih Iosif Lazarevich. Niam - Anna Moiseevna muam - Tolkacheva Mirra losifovna.

Volf Erlih kwv huam thiab dab neeg ua ntej pib sau ntawv thaum kawm nyob rau lub Simbirsk chav xyaum tes taw. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm nws, nws nkag mus hauv lub University of Kazan. Chiv, nws kawm nyob rau tom tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab ces pauv mus rau lub keeb kwm thiab Philology. Nyob rau hauv 1920, nws tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub 1 tso kom muaj kab muaj kev hwv Kazan. Lub civil tsov ua rog yog ib tug tub rog liab tub rog, GPU Secretary of Education ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan Committee.

Volf Erlih tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Petrograd nyob rau hauv 1921. Thaum xub thawj nws kawm nyob rau tom nroog University nyob rau hauv cov zajlus thiab artistic kws qhia ntawv, tab sis, hmoov tsis, yog lawb tawm mus rau cov tsis muaj sawv. Nws yog ib tug active koom tes nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv thiab kev sau ntawv sib cav tswv yim, tuaj mus rau hauv nrov thaum lub sij hawm "Kev txiav txim Imagist". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus Ehrlich, nyob rau hauv nws ib txhia ntawm cov Leningrad paj huam phev Polotsk, Nikolay Grigorov Ivan Afanasyev, Soloviev, Gregory Shmerelson. Nyob rau hauv 1925, hma txais kev pab raws li Ehrlich lub luag hauj lwm dej num ntawm thawj lub tsev ntawm lub Leningrad Council.

Tus thawj nqe

Nws thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam hu ua "Hma lub hnub" Erlih Volf tso nyob rau hauv 1928. Tom ntej no tuaj "Cov phau ntawv ntawm memoirs," thiab ces "Arsenal". Tom ntej no yog cov "Phau Ntawv kwv huam" sau, tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1934, ces "Kev txiav txim ntawm sib ntaus sib tua" (1935). Nyob rau hauv 1929, Ehrlich sau tau ib zaj paj huam hais txog Sofe Perovskoy paub revolutionary, organizer assassination ntawm huab tais Alexander II. Nyob rau hauv lub 30s nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv "Leningrad" magazine editorial board, ces - nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "offensive." Nyob rau hauv 1932 nws tau mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb - Dawb Hiav txwv-Baltic kwj dej. Tag nrho 1935 nyob rau hauv lub Far East, nrog rau lwm yam neeg sau ntawv los tsim "Volochaevskaya hnub."

Thaum nws twb paub

"Cov phau ntawv ntawm verses" Hma Ehrlich yog yooj yim thiab meej, ib qho yooj yim mus nyeem, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho ntawm nws cov paj huam thiab prose. Tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm uas tau sau nrog sib sib zog nqus lub ntsiab lus, xav tias-provoking. Nyob rau hauv 1937, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Union ntawm Soviet Writers I. hma luam tawm ob tug me nyuam tus sau ntawm kwv huam thiab ib phau ntawv "Txawv txawv Adventures ntawm cov phooj ywg." Hma Ehrlich hauj lwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv zoo-paub cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine xws li "kev sau ntawv contemporaries," "Liab Hmo ntuj", "Lub hnub qub". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lawv tus kheej tej kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm, Erlih Volf translates los ntawm Armenian. Cov no kwv huam Mkrtich Achemyan, Mkrtich Nagash.

"Lub nco ntawm Yesenin"

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm confronted nrog cov hauj lwm ntawm Yesenin, Wolfe I. twb nyiam nrog lub siab dawb paug, ntawm qhov tob ntawm nws cov kwv huam. Lawv tau ntsib nyob rau hauv 1924 nyob rau hauv Leningrad, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv acquaintance loj hlob mus rau ib tug muaj zog phooj ywg uas ntawd kub ntev li kom txog thaum lub hnub kawg ntawm lub neej Sergeya Esenina.

Thaum Ehrlich yog twb paub, nws cov kwv huam raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv Leningrad ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine. Cia li zoo li lwm yam neeg sau ntawv, nws koom nyob rau hauv paj huam readings. Nyob rau hauv 1924 Erlih Volf thiab Sergey Esenin twb active nrog nws cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv Leningrad thiab nws cov suburbs, xws li nyob rau hauv Tsarskoe selo. Muaj lawv tau ib tug commemorative yees duab nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub koom haum of Agriculture. Sergey Esenin yeej ib txwm qhia rau Ehrlich lawv muaj tswv yim kev pab them nqi, soj ntsuam lawv tus kheej thiab lawv ncig, cim tias seb thaum uas muaj xwm ceev ntawm lawv cov ntseeg nyob rau hauv txhua lwm yam. Xyoo tom qab Yesenin tuag ntau yuav liam Ehrlich ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws tua neeg, tab sis nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov txog lawv kev sib raug zoo, lawv quivering sov phooj ywg, thiab nws yog tseeb hais tias tag nrho cov xaiv - ib tug dag.

Muaj ib zaug, thaum ib tug neeg sab nrauv ntawm Anna Abramovna Berzin Yesenin kuv nyeem cia li sau ib zaj paj huam, nws "Lub Song ntawm lub Great phiaj los nqis tes". Berzin tau muaj rau luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal. Wolfe I. tam sim ntawd sau cia los ntawm lub cim xeeb rau tag nrho cov paj huam Sergey Esenin tau tsuas yog me hloov thiab kos npe rau. Tom qab lawv sab laug, Anna Abramovna nqa tus ntawv sau rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Lub kaum hli ntuj".

Cov phau ntawv ntawm memoirs prose Ehrlich ua "txoj cai rau cov song," sau nyob rau hauv 1930. Nyob rau hauv phau, tus sau muab piv cov kws sau paj lug nrog tin cov tub rog, nws ua npau suav nyob rau hauv nws pw tsaug zog, uas nws tom qab yuav ib tug kev muaj tiag. Nws xav nyob qhov twg nws xaus Sergei Yesenin, uas tau tuag lawm, thiab qhov chaw uas pib lub Yesenin, uas nws tau pom nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav? Nws ciali yuav tsum tau sib tham txog ntau cov dluab ntawm cov tib neeg, qhov no thiab tuaj mus nrog lawv, idealized. Nyob rau hauv cov memoirs nws piav txog tsuas yog tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov lus tseeb lub npe hu rau nws, tab sis nws nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lub sij hawm, nws yog ntshai ntawm dab tsi yuav tsis txhob dag.

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, I. Wolff hais txog nws kev phooj ywg nrog Yesenin, hais txog ob lub xyoos dhau ntawm tus poj poet lub neej. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws hais kawg zaj paj huam Esenina, uas nws cev rau Ehrlich ua ntej nws tuag.

Zoo-bye, phooj ywg

Nyob rau hauv lub tragic thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1925 Erlih Volf ib tug ntawm cov thawj mus nrhiav tau lub cev ntawm Esenina nyob rau hauv lub tsev so "Angleterre". Loj poob siab tuag ntawm nws tus zoo phooj ywg, nws tseem pom lub dag lub zog mus noj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub ceremonial farewell, uas coj qhov chaw Hlis ntuj nqeg 29 nyob rau ntawm lub Leningrad tsev ntawm Writers rau lub Fontanka River. Tom ntej no Ehrlich thiab Sophia Tolstoy-Yesenin, lub kws sau paj lug lub poj ntsuam, escorted rau hauv lub hleb rau Moscow. Hlis ntuj nqeg 31, 1925 Sergeya Esenina twb faus nyob rau hauv lub tojntxas Vagankovsky.

Armenia

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 20-ies I. hma nrog nws tus phooj ywg Nikolaem Tihonovym mus rau nws tus thawj mus txawv tebchaws los Armenia. Muaj lawv mus xyuas cov Argatse mus rau hauv lub volcanic toj siab ntawm Sevan tsoo Geghama roob, mus xyuas lub monastery, uas City hu Ayrivank. Lub tswv yim los ntawm lub teb chaws no rau Iosifovicha hma, yuav tsis pab tab sis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Yog li ntawd muaj "Alagezskie dab neeg" thiab "Armenia".

Tsis tsuas yog yeej lub majestic xwm ntawm Ehrlich, tab sis kuj cov neeg. Nws hais rau nws tus phooj ywg Nikolai Tikhonov: "... Kuv tau pom ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg, tab sis xav kom pom ntau ...." Thiab nws tsis yog cia li rov qab los rau Armenia. Nyob rau hauv Ararat hav tshwm nrog tswv rau Arakas kuv ua phooj ywg nrog tus ciam teb tiv thaiv, yog zoo siab nrog lub Armenian intellectuals, heev ze rau noj tag nrho cov kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb. Armenia siab engulfed lub plawv Ehrlich. Tu siab, qhov no txoj kev hlub tau ua neeg tuag taus rau nws.

tu ncua

Nyob rau hauv 1937, thaum nyob rau ib qho chaw twg rau Armenia, nws xav sau ib tsab ntawv hais txog cov returnees, tab sis qhov no yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws twb puas tau raug ntes Lub Xya hli ntuj 19 nyob rau hauv Yerevan thiab xa nyob rau hauv escort rau Leningrad. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub kaum ib hlis 19 ntawm lub tib lub xyoo Ehrlich twb raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag rau teej tug mus rau ib tug neeg ua phem lub koom haum Trotskyists uas nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tsis muaj nyob. Qhov kev txiav txim twb tua Kaum ib hlis 24, 1937. Nws yog tsuas yog tom qab 19 xyoo ntawm lub tub rog Collegium ntawm lub Supreme Court Erlih Volf twb exonerated rau cov tsis muaj nws ua roos ib txoj kev txhaum.