Environmental teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Arctic deserts. Environmental teeb meem thiab lawv ua

Lub Arctic occupies ib tug cheeb tsam nyob rau high school latitudes, tus ciam uas yog lub Arctic vajvoog. Nyob rau lub cev tsis kho ecosystem ntawm thaj av ntawd twb muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem ntawm tej yam ntuj tso yam thiab tib neeg kev ua ub no. Qhov tsab xov xwm teev cov kev tej teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Arctic deserts thiab tag nrho lub cheeb tsam, nrog rau cov Arctic hiav txwv nrog cov seas, coasts thiab Islands tuaj.

Cov ib puag ncig teeb meem ntawm lub Arctic

Ntuj thiab thaj nta ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog txuam nrog rau nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub siab latitudes thiab cov predominance ntawm tus tsum ecosystem. Nyob rau hauv 1991, rau tej tseem fwv ntawm lub teb chaws nrog lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub Arctic vajvoog, txais yuav ib lub tswv yim los tiv thaiv cov ib puag ncig ntawm lub Arctic. Tom qab 5 xyoo, tau kos npe nyob rau hauv Ottawa tshaj tawm thiab tsim lub Arctic Council. Lub ntsiab hom phiaj ntawm nws cov hauj lwm muaj feem xyuam rau cov sustainable kev loj hlob ntawm lub Arctic cheeb tsam. Cov uas twb muaj lawm UN tej kev pab cuam, namely, UNEP tau pom cov loj tej teeb meem:

• kev ua qias tuaj ntawm lub Arctic seas los ntawm roj khoom;
• ntiaj teb no sov, ua rau lub melting ntawm lub ncov qaumteb qabteb dej khov khwb;
• kom nyob rau hauv kev nuv ntses thiab lwm yam nqaij ntses ntau lawm;
• hloov ib puag ncig ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub Arctic;
• yuav txo tau ntawm ncov qaumteb qabteb tsiaj;
• intensive shipping.

kev nyab xeeb kev hloov

Daim ntawv qhia tsam arctic suab puam tam sim no nyob los ntawm cov chaw me me nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Greenland thiab Eurasia, North America, lub archipelago thiab cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm cam hais tias qhov nruab nrab huab cua kub nyob rau hauv lub Arctic vajvoog ntsuas ua sai tshaj nyob rau hauv lwm cov cheeb tsam. Qhov no twb coj mus rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso chaw, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tej zaum nws yuav ploj.

Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog sov rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tsam arctic suab puam qhov txhia chaw hloov los ntawm tundra. Nws threatens lub extinction ntawm ntau hom ntawm muaj thiab fauna nruj heev heev rau tus uas twb muaj kub ntsuas. Nyob ntawm hauv paus txawm Arctic haiv neeg, ib yam nkaus thiab, yog muaj kev pheej hmoo, vim hais tias lub neej ntawm cov pejxeem rau centuries tsim nyob rau hauv ze kev koom tes nrog tus muaj thiab fauna.

Lub melting ntawm Arctic cov nab kuab thiab cov daus

Lavxias teb sab Hydrometeorological pab rau yav dhau los 30 xyoo muaj tau ib tug yuav txo tau ntawm cov dej khov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub seas rau sab qaum teb. Tus nqi ntawm melting tau nce nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev tshawb no lub sij hawm qhia ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm cov dej khov cover 2 lub sij hawm. Kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub XXI xyoo pua, cov dab mus ntxiv. Environmental teeb meem yuav tsum exacerbated seas, piv txwv li, dej Arctic qhov chaw lub caij ntuj sov yuav luag tag free ntawm dej khov. Yav tas los, yuav tsum qhib rau tus dej phiab ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv. Cov kev hloov yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj loj ntawm ib tug deb ntawm pua pua los yog txhiab tus kilometers ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv.

Paug huab cua thiab dej

Ntsiab tej teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub arctic suab puam thiab tundra yog txuam nrog rau cov kev hloov ntawm huab cua masses ntawm tus industrialized cov cheeb tsam ntawm sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob Russia, Central thiab Northern teb chaws Europe. Muaj yog ib tug tsis ntawm thiaj li hu ua acid los nag - aqueous lub ntsiab ntawm cov leej faj thiab nitrogen oxides. Tej deposits adversely cuam tshuam lub tag nrho lub cev tsis kho ecosystem Arctic puas ib tug nyias txheej ntawm av nyob rau hauv lub tundra, adversely cuam tshuam cov dej ua si ntawm tus kab mob no uas yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim hauv qab no.

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem, thab plaub tej teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub arctic suab puam - yog tsuas thiab thauj. Lub cheeb tsam kuj muaj cov tub rog hauv paus thiab muaj chaw ua tej yam ntuj tso raw cov ntaub ntawv. Lub ecosystem ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg:

• emissions thiab effluents uas muaj qhauj thiab pej xeem hlauv taws xob;
• khoom noj khoom haus ntau lawm thiab ua ntawm hydrocarbons (roj thiab cov nkev);
• hnyav hlau thiab lwm yam twj ntawm metallurgical ntau lawm;
• tej yam tej yam tshuaj lom (phenol, ammonia thiab lwm tus);
• heev heev kuab paug los ntawm nqaum bases;
• pov tseg ships kev khiav hauj lwm rau nuclear roj.

Forecasts ntawm cov ib puag ncig qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub Arctic

Kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb polar cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, lub arctic suab puam tsam nyob rau hauv particular, yuav ntxiv yuav tsum tau raug mus haib anthropogenic pa phem. Kom tus nqi ntawm cov ua hauj lwm rau lub continental txee, qhov twg lub extraction thiab tsheb thauj mus los ntawm natural resources twb hnyav ncawv raws li nram no. Kaum ntawm txhiab ntawm cov roj derricks tso roj nyob rau hauv lub Arctic, raws li ib puag ncig cov koom haum, txhua thib ob ntawm lawv tshwm sim to ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv.

Environmental teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub arctic suab puam tsam. tsis biodiversity

Lub fauna ntawm tus mob khaub thuas hws khov tshav puam ntawm lub Arctic vajvoog yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm mammalian hom. Cov tsiaj reptiles thiab amphibians nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov noog hom yog hais txog 4 sij hawm siab tshaj hais tias ntawm cov tsiaj. Qhov no yog piav los ntawm lub siab muaj ntawm cov noog, lawv raws caij nyoog migrations, muaj peev xwm loj leeb tshaj ntev ncua kev nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov zaub mov. Nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj thiab tus ntug dej hiav txwv, qhov chaw uas muaj me me qhov chaw ntawm lub arctic suab puam, cov fauna yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov noog. Muaj walruses, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, polar bears, arctic hma, lemmings. Qhov tseem heev heev cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Waterfowl - ib tug os, eider os, guillemots thiab auks.

Environmental teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub arctic suab puam tsam txuam nrog cov "rookeries" - txawv txawv zos ntawm cov noog. Lawv yog cov lam tau lam ua vim hais tias ntawm shipping yuav tsum tau lawv tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm yug me nyuam lub sij hawm.

Xwm txuag nyob rau hauv lub Arctic vajvoog

Kws txawj hais tias tseem ceeb raug mob rau lub cev tsis kho ecosystem ntawm lub Arctic ua kev yos hav zoov. Piv txwv li, lub poachers nyob rau hauv cov dej sau mus rau Russia txhua xyoo ua txog 300 polar bears.

Lwm yam ib puag ncig ntshai heev txawm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, uas yuav tsum tau ceaseless xim ntawm ib puag ncig cov koom haum:

• tej degradation;
• ua tib neeg siab;
• kom tus nqi ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg teeb meem;
• kev nyab xeeb kev hloov.

Ib txhij nrog lub melting ntawm cov dej khov cheeb tsam no yog tseem txo permafrost, muaj txaus ntshai hydrometeorological phenomena rau dej ntws teej tug mus rau qhov no pas dej ua ke. Neeg thiab alien pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub Arctic vajvoog kuj suffers los ntawm cov pa phem lam tau lam ua xwm ntawm thaj av ntawd. Cov ib puag ncig teeb meem ntawm lub Arctic muaj tsis tsuas regional, tab sis kuj ntiaj teb no tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Federation rau lub preservation ntawm cov tsiaj qus, tiv thaiv xwm los ntawm cov pa phem thiab degradation tsim Arctic reserves. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv: Kandalaksha, Great Arctic, Wrangel Island, Taimyr.