German tank T-4: kev ua tau zoo yam ntxwv

Tsis muaj ib tug nyob rau "Krupp" nyob rau hauv 1936 yuav tau xav hais tias qhov no loj heev tshuab, nruab nrog ib luv luv-phom infantry them nyiaj yug, thiab suav hais tias raws li ib tug chaw hauj lwm, yuav tsum raws li lug siv nyob rau hauv lub German pab tub rog. Nrog rau qhov kawg tshwm sim ntawm 9000 units tau ua qhov tseem loj heev tank, kev faib tawm puas tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, zus tau tej cov uas, txawm cov tsis muaj ntaub ntawv sawv mus rau lub heev kawg hnub ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe.

Hackney Wehrmacht

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias muaj cov tub rog tsheb, niaj hnub tshaj ib tug German tank T-4 - "Tsov", "Panther" thiab "huab tais Tsov", nws tsis tsuas yog feem ntau ntawm cov Wehrmacht, tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov neeg tseem ceeb cov pawg ntawm cov SS. Lub daim ntawv qhia kev vam meej tej zaum cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub loj hull thiab turret, yooj yim txij nkawm, kev cia siab thiab robust chassis, uas txhab rau array ntawm ntaj los sis phom, muab piv nrog Panzer III. Txij li thaum tus qauv A F1 earliest modifications, siv luv luv 75mm chim maj tau hloov los ntawm "ntev", nrog F2 rau H, nrog ib tug heev npaum high-ceev phom pub los ntawm Pak 40 uas yuav tiv nrog Soviet KV-1 thiab T -34. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, lub German tank T-4 (yees duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) lig outclassed Panzer III li qhov loj tshaj plaws, thiab nws muaj peev xwm.

Tus tsim ntawm lub tsab "Krupp"

Chiv nws twb assumed tias cov German tank T-4, kev yam ntxwv uas tau hais tseg nyob rau hauv 1934 vaffenamtom, yuav pab raws li lub "coj lub tsheb" mus nkaum nws yeej muaj tseeb luag hauj lwm ntawm txwv tsis pub cov nqe lus ntawm lub Versailles Treaty.

Kev Koom Tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tswvyim coj Haynts Guderian. Qhov no tshiab qauv yog yuav lub tank ntawm infantry kev pab txhawb nqa thiab muab tso rau hauv lub rear tank pawg. Nws twb npaj tau hais tias nyob rau theem ntawm battalion, ib tug xws li lub tsheb yuav tsum poob rau txhua txhua peb lub Panzer III. Rau hauv sib piv, T-3, nruab nrog ib tug standard 37mm Pak phom 36 nrog zoo los tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv, ib tug luv luv lub cev howitzer Panzer IV yuav tau siv tawm tsam tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv, blockhouses, bunkers, anti-tank phom thiab artillery txaus.

Chiv, tus luj txwv ntawm cov kev sib ntaus los lub tsheb yog 24 tons. TXIV NEEJ lub tuam txhab, Krupp thiab Rheinmetall-Borsig ua peb prototypes thiab Krupp yeej lub ntsiab daim ntawv cog lus. Lub ncua kev kawm ntawv yog thawj zaug kiag li tshiab, nrog rau cov alternating log. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog uas cog noob rau nruab tub ntxhais caij nplooj ntoos hlav, muab zoo dua ntsug sib txawv. Muab piv nrog rau yav dhau los system, nws twb ua tau ntau ntseeg nkaws, tab sis qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug tshiab tank kom txhob ntxiv kev loj hlob. Krupp tau rov qab mus rau ib tug ntau tsoos system nrog plaub dual log tsheb thauj khoom thiab nplooj springs, rau ib qho yooj yim txij nkawm. Kuv npaj rau ib tug neeg coob ntawm tsib - peb twb nyob rau hauv tus pej thuam (commander, gunner thiab loader) thiab ib tug neeg tsav tsheb nrog ib tug xov tooj cua neeg teb xov tooj - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Lub sib ntaus sib tua compartment yog kuj khab seeb, nrog paub rear engine compartment soundproofing. German tank T-4 nyob rau hauv (ib tug yees duab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog illustrated) nruab nrog on-board kev sib txuas lus system thiab ib tug xov tooj cua.

Txawm hais tias nws yog tsis heev npaum li cas, tab sis asymmetrical lub cev Panzer IV, tus pej thuam yog txav los ntawm 6.5 cm mus rau sab laug, thiab lub cav - 15 cm mus rau sab xis. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ncaj qha mus cuag lub nplhaib rau cov kis yees kom sai xa nws. Thawv mos txwv li nyob rau hauv txoj cai.

Lub chiv keeb, tsim thiab ua nyob rau hauv 1936 nyob rau Krupp AG Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Magdeburg, twb xaiv Waffenamt yuav ua li cas Versuchskraftfahrzeug 622. Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv lub pre-tsov rog tshiab nomenclature nws sai sai los ua lub npe hu ua Pz.Kpfw.IV (Sd.Kfz. 161).

Lub tank muaj ib tug roj av cav Maybach HL108TR peev xwm ntawm 250 liters. s., thiab ib lub thawv 75 c SGR tsib rau pem hauv ntej thiab ib tug rov qab iav. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev rau ib tug ca saum npoo ntawm lub xeem yog 31 km / h.

75 hli cannon - tsawg ceev Kampfwagenkanone (KwK) 37 L / 24. Nws yog ib lub cuab tam npaj rau firing heev zoo li kev ua vaj tse chaw tiv thaiv. Cuaj kaum ib co muaj peev xwm muab ib tug anti-tho projectile Panzergranate, uas nws ceev yog 440 m / s. Nws yuav txeem 43 hli daim ntawv ntawm hlau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 700 m. Ob tug phom MG-34 twb txiav caj npab, coaxial ib leeg nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tshuab.

Tus thawj batch tank ntaus A cev ris tsho ua rog thickness tsis pub tshaj 15 hli thiab ntauwd - 20 mm. Txawm hais tias nws twb tau hardened hlau, xws tiv thaiv yuav mas tsuas si, teeb artillery thiab grenade tawg tsam.

Early "luv luv" pre-series

German tank T-4 Ib yog ib hom ntawm pre-series ntawm 35 units ua nyob rau hauv 1936. Tom ntej no yog tus Ausf. B hloov commanding dome tshiab engine Maybach HL 120TR, tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm 300 tawm litres. ib tug., raws li zoo li tshiab ua kis tau tus mob SSG75.

Dua li ntawm qhov nyhav ntxiv, lub siab tshaj plaws ceev zog rau 39 km / h, thiab kev tiv thaiv tau ntxiv dag zog. armor thickness mus txog 30 mm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub inclined tsev nyob feem thiab 15 hli rau lwm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tshuab rab phom twb muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tshiab daug.

Tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm 42 ntau lawm tshuab switched rau German tank T-4 C. Lub thickness ntawm lub armor nyob rau turret muaj ntau zog rau 30 mm. Cov yuag tag nrho yog 18,15 tons. Tom qab lub caij 40 units nyob rau hauv 1938, lub tank lawm los ntawm lub installation ntawm ib tug tshiab cav Maybach HL 120TRM rau tom ntej no puas tsheb. Nws yog ib zajlus kom uas ua raws li kev hloov kho D. «Dora" peev xwm yuav txawv los ntawm cov tshiab khiv ntsia tshuab rab phom rau ntawm lub cev thiab coj lub embrasure. Lub thickness ntawm lub sab armor ntau zog rau 20 mm. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov 243 tsheb ntawm cov qauv no tau ua, qhov kawg ntawm uas - nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1940s. Kev hloov kho D yog qhov kawg pre-ntau lawm, tom qab uas qhov hais kom ua tau txiav txim siab los tsim kom tau scale.

standardization

German tank T-4 yog tus thawj loj-scale E series, uas pib ua thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog. Txawm tias muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab cov lus ceeb toom hais ib tug tsis muaj ces hwj chim ntawm ib tug 37-hli phom Panzer III, nws hloov yog tsis yooj yim sua. Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib tug tov rau kev soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawm lub Panzer IV Ausf. Kev hloov kho D twb teem nruab nrab ceev ntawm 50 mm phom Pak 38. Thawj zaug kev txiav txim ntawm 80 units tso tseg tom qab lub Fabkis phiaj los nqis tes. Lub tank battles, nyob rau hauv particular, tiv thaiv cov British "Matilda" thiab Fabkis "B1 bis", thaum kawg nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov ris tsho ua rog thickness yog tsis txaus, thiab tob tob hwj chim yog tsis muaj zog phom. Lub Ausf. E tshuav barreled phom KwK 37L / 24, tab sis lub thickness ntawm pem hauv ntej armor twb tau nce mus txog 50 hli, 30 hli steel phaj hauv ob sab phlu, raws li ib tug ib ntus kev ntsuas. By Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1941, thaum no cov kev hloov kho tau hloov los ntawm Ausf. F, nws cov mus txog 280 units.

Xeem "luv luv" qauv

Lwm cov kev hloov kho ho hloov German tank T-4. Paub meej ntawm thaum ntxov qauv F, F1 renamed thaum ib tug tom ntej no hloov vim kev hloov ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej npog phaj 50-hli phaj thickness thiab ua rau kom lub sab qhov chaw ntawm lub nkoj thiab turret rau 30 mm. Tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub tank sawv mus rau ntau tshaj 22 tons, uas tshwm sim los lwm yam kev hloov, xws li ua cov dav ntawm lub lem ntawm 380 rau 400 mm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo siab rau hauv av nrog cov coj kev hloov nyob rau hauv nro thiab ob tsav tsheb log. F1 tau ua nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov 464 units los hloov nws nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1942

Tus thawj "ntev"

Txawm muaj tej cuab yeej-tho projectile Panzergranate Panzer IV tsawg-tshaj tawm phom yuav tsis tau thaum nws ib tug zoo-armored tsheb hlau luam. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm tus dabtsi ntsiv phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv lub USSR nws yuav tsum tau muab txiav txim siab rau ib tug loj txawj tej yam ntxiv ntawm cov T-3. Yog tam sim no muaj kev ntsuas Pak 38L / 60, uas nws cov hauj lwm zoo twb paub tseeb hais tias, npaj rau installation nyob rau hauv tus pej thuam Panzer IV. Nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1941, lub tsab tau ua tiav, thiab nws twb npaj los tsim. Tiam sis ua ntej battles nrog Soviet KV-1 thiab T-34 lawm 50 hli phom, raws li siv nyob rau hauv Panzer III, twb txiav nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm ib tug tshiab, ntau haib qauv Rheinmetall lub tuam txhab raws li caliber phom 75 hli Pak 40L / 46. Qhov no coj mus rau lub KwK 40L / 43, kuj ntev-caliber nruab nrog ib tug muzzle nres, uas txo rov qab. Tus tshaj tawm los ntawm lub projectile Panzergranade 39 tshaj 990 m / s. Nws yuav txeem 77 hli armor ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog li 1850 meters. Txij thaum nws tsim nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1942, thawj tsab ntawm tus serial ntau lawm ntawm F2. Los ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj ntawm 175 units tau ua. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj German tank T-4 F2 twb renamed nyob rau T-4 G, tab sis ob hom vaffenamta xws li Sd.Kfz.161 / 1. Nyob rau hauv ib co ntaub ntawv, ib tug qauv hu ua F2 / G.

hloov cov qauv

German tank T-4, G yog ib tug paub embodiment nrog F2 hloov txog hlau savings los ntawm siv lub hnyav frontal armor nyeem tas nyob puag. Pem taub hau glacis twb amplified tshiab 30-hli phaj, ib tug tag nrho thickness ntau zog rau 80 mm. Uas yog txaus rau kev vam meej fab ntxeev mus rau Soviet 76-hli phom thiab 76.2-hli anti-tank rab phom. Chiv peb txiav txim siab los coj mus rau cov txuj no tsuas ib nrab ntawm cov ntau lawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1943, Adolf Hitler tus kheej kom tag nrho cov kev hloov. Txawm li cas los, tshuab hnyav zog rau 23,6 tons, pom tsawg muaj peev xwm ntawm cov chassis thiab powertrain.

German tank T 4 hauv undergone tseem ceeb cov kev hloov. Ntauwd peepholes raug tshem tawm, lub cav tiv cav tseb thiab cua thaum uas tsis muaj kub yog zoo, ib qho ntxiv txheej ntawm spare log tuav tseg thiab clamps rau khiav mus glacis. Lawv kuj tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug ib ntus kev tiv thaiv. Tau tshiab taws, ua ntxiv dag zog rau thiab cov kev hloov kho ntawm lub cupola.

Nyob rau hauv tom qab versions, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1943 muaj ib tug sab armor rau lub nkoj thiab turret, thiab haus luam yeeb grenade launchers. Tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, muaj ib tug tshiab, ntau haib phom KwK 40L / 48. Tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm 1 275 standard thiab 412 enhanced zus tau tej cov tso tsheb hlau luam txav ntawm Ausf.H. qauv

Cov yooj yim version

German tank T-4 H (yees duab hais hauv qab no) nruab nrog lub tshiab long-barreled phom KwK 40L / 48. Ntxiv hloov kev txhawj xeeb qhov yooj yim ntawm ntau lawm - tau muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib peepholes, siv common qhov chaw nrog rau cov Panzer III. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kom txog thaum tom ntej no cov kev hloov kho Ausf. J nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1944 tau sau 3774 machine.

Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1942, "Krupp" tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim rau lub tank mus kiag li sloped armor, vim hais tias ntawm lub nyhav ntxiv yuav tsum tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab chassis, kis tau tus mob thiab tejzaum nws lub engine. Txawm li cas los, ntau lawm pib nrog ib tug tshiab version Ausf.G. German tank T-4 tau txais ib tug tshiab gearbox ZF Zahnradfabrik SSG-76, ib tug tshiab set ntawm xov tooj cua noj (FU2 thiab 5, thiab nrog kev sib txuas lus). Lub thickness ntawm cov frontal armor ntau zog rau 80 mm tsis muaj tus nyiaj siv ua haujlwm los xij. H hnyav mus txog 25 tons sib ntaus los iav, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws ceev poob mus rau 38 km / h, thiab nyob rau hauv tiag tiag kev sib ntaus los tej yam kev mob - txog li 25 km / h, thiab ntau tsawg nyob rau hauv ntxhib struts. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1943, lub German tank T-4 H los ua them nrog muab tshuaj txhuam "Zimmer", kho cua ntxaij lim dej, tus pej thuam twb ntsia anti-aircraft tshuab MG 34.

Xeem simplified qauv

Xeem Tank, German T-4 J, yuav mus nyob rau Nibelungwerke nyob rau hauv St. Valentin, Austria, raws li Vomag thiab Krupp tam sim no ua lwm yam kev pab raws qib, thiab twb raug mus rau simplification, ntau focused rau loj ntau lawm thiab yog tsis tshua muaj kev txhawb los ntawm cov crews. Piv txwv li, lub fais ntauwd raug tshem tawm, leveling yog ua li cas manually, uas muaj zog txog 200 litres Roj tank peev xwm, ua kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam ntawm mus txog 300 km. Lwm yam kev hloov kho nrog qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub pej thuam ntawm tus saib lub qhov rais, thiab anti-aircraft tshuab loopholes nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov kho cov pa luam yeeb grenade. "Zimmer" yog tsis muaj lawm siv tau raws li protivokumulyativnymi «tiab» Schürzen, hloov nrog cheaper mesh panels. Lub tsev nyob ntawm lub engine radiator twb tseem yooj yim zog. Drive poob ib rov qab rau cov menyuam. Muaj ob tug phuam npog ntsej muag nrog nplaim taws arresters, raws li zoo raws li lub mount rau lub 2-tuj crane. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub SSG 77 kis tau tus mob siv los ntawm Panzer III, txawm hais tias nws twb qhia meej meej overloaded. Txawm tias muaj tej sacrifices, vim hais tias ntawm lub qhov tso hoob pob ntawm Allied khoom siv tau raug teeb meem, thiab ib tug tag nrho ntawm xwb 2970 tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm Lub peb hlis ntuj 1945 los ntawm 5000 npaj.

kev hloov kho

• Jagdpanzer IV - tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau txaus tank nyob rau hauv lub series T-4, tsawg tsawg thiab zoo heev yos hav zoov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias xis nyob rau hauv ltalis thiab Normandy. Nyob rau hauv 1943, 1980 units tau ua.
• Sturmgeschütz IV - phem Tank muaj ib tug pov thawj superstructure thiab riam phom Sturmgeschütz III. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1140 lub tsheb.
• Panzerbefehlswagen IV - hais kom ua post, nruab nrog ib lub teeb hauv xov tooj cua noj, ib tug tag nrho teev ntawm electronics thiab thaiv. Siv los saib artillery kev txhawb nqa, infantry thiab cua them nyiaj yug rau armored pawg. Roomy thiab txhim khu kev qha - qhov no yog tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws German tub rog tank.
• Panzerbeobachtungswagen IV - ib tug zoo-txawm peem rau tsheb ntawm artillery soj, nrog rau cov Wespe thiab Hummel self-propelled phom.
• Sturmpanzer IV Brummbär - ib qho ntawm feem impressive German ACS 150 mm phom, uas tau txais kev pab raws li lub chiv keeb rau cov tsim Heuschrecke thiab Dicker Max.
• Flakpanzer IV Möbelwagen - tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug them nyiaj yug rau huab cua tiv thaiv nrog ib tug hluas 37-hli phom. Nws twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1944-45 (240 units) pab kom txawm peem rau txoj kev poob ntawm supremacy nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.
• Flakpanzer IV Wirbelwind - txhais tau tias VOP nruab nrog ultra-npaum chetyrehstvolnym 20mm Flakvierling. Ua ntau tshaj 100 chav nyob. Lwm 66 units, nruab nrog 37 hli cannon ib Ostwind.
• Geschützwagen III / IV Hummel - ACS chassis Panzer IV thiab nrog qhov chaw Panzer III. Nws ua ntau tshaj 666 chav nyob, ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau muaj kev vam meej German self-propelled phom ntawm txhua lub sij hawm.
• Panzerjager III / IV Nashorn - tsis tshua muaj neeg vam meej fighter tank nruab legendary 88 hli phom. Nws raug nqi tsawg tshaj "Tsov". Ua 473 lub tsheb.
• Geschützwagen III / IV Schlepper - ua 150 units nrog tib arrangement.
• Bergepanzer IV - German armored rov qab lub tsheb, ntau haib tshaj cov version raws li nyob rau hauv lub Panzer III. Nyob rau hauv tsawg pluas kuj ua thiab amphibians Panzerfahre Landwasserschlepper.
• Bruckenleger IV - launched choj. choj ntev yog 56 m. manufactured 24 units.

German tank T-4: kev ua tau zoo yam ntxwv

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tseem muaj sia nyob tom qab lub ntiaj teb ob Panzer IV tso tsheb hlau luam twb tsis poob los yog muab scrapped thiab siv rau lwm yam hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws xws li Bulgaria thiab Syria. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj lawm nruab nrog tus tshiab Soviet hnyav tshuab rab phom. Lawv coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub Golan Heights thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo 1965 tsov ua rog, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Rau-Hnub ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1967. Niaj hnub no lub German tso tsheb hlau luam T-4 yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yuav teev cia thiab private collections nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab dozens ntawm lawv yog cov tseem nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm mob.