Electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab thiab zis. Electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab cov nqaijrog: txoj cai tseem ceeb

Nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav muaj yog ib tug txheej ntawm protein Cheebtsam. Lawv yog cov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qauv thiab muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ib puag ncig, kev hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv no dlaim thiab sib cais ntawm tag nrho cov protein, uas localizes rau cov ntshav rau ntau yam protein fractions. Nyob rau hauv kev lub ntshiab electrophoresis paub qhov ntau piv ntawm tus neeg protein Cheebtsam cov lug. Nws yog tsim nyog los mus txiav txim seb ib tug tib neeg ntau yam pathological phenomena, xws li kab mob los yog mob cancer. Nws yog protein electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev qhov mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob.

Lub essence ntawm txoj kev

Rau cleavage protein fractions siv electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm uas yog raws li nyob rau txawv muaj ntawm cov protein cheebtsam hauv cov generated hluav taws xob field. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav no ntau yog thiab tuav, tsis zoo li txheej txheem tag nrho cov ntshav tsom xam. Tab sis qhov no electrophoresis qhia tau hais tias ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov protein ntau cov zauv feem, qhov xwm thiab raws li ntawm cov pathological txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ib tug general daim ntawv. Analysis ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tso cai kho mob cov tub txawg yuav nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi tus piv ntawm cov protein fractions cai nyob rau hauv tib neeg, thiab los mus txiav txim lub specifics ntawm cov pathology xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv ib tug tej kab mob.

Hom ntawm protein fractions

Feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab tib neeg lom kua los yog ntshav, roos proteins. Tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov cai yog tsis pub dhau 60-80 g / l. Kom meej tsom xam cov electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab rau ntawm daim ntawv. Txoj kev tshawb no yog lub feem ntau txoj kev tsom xam. Lub ntsiab nruab nrab yog ib tug tshwj xeeb lim daim ntawv. Nws lub ntsiab feature - tus siab absorbability. Tej daim ntawv yuav nqus dej ntau tshaj nws hnyav nyob rau hauv 130-200 lub sij hawm. Nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv electrophoresis rau ntawm daim ntawv tsuas kav 4-16 teev. Nws yuav tsev uas muaj protein ntau lug. Tom qab ntawd, daim ntawv sawb kho nrog tshwj xeeb inks rau kev tsom xam. Cov txheej txheem no yog lub feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob lub chaw soj nstuam. Vim tus ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no protein feem, tsis zoo them, tsiv mus rau lub zoo them electrode. Vim lub protein Cheebtsam ntawm cov ntshav yog muab faib ua 5 fractions paub:

• albumin;
• α ₁ globulins;
• α ₂ globulin;
• β - globulin;
• γ-globulin.

Albumins tsis zoo them, yog me me piv nrog rau lwm cov zauv feem, molecular ceeb thawj. Vim qhov no ceev npaum li cas ntau tshaj li tus so ntawm lub tog, thiab lawv nyob furthest los ntawm cov pib cheeb tsam. Thawj peb fractions globulin txav ntawm ib tug qeeb qeeb ceev vim hais tias ntawm qhov nyhav. Tab sis qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ceev yog kaw nyob rau hauv γ-globulins. Cov roj ntsha yog hnyav thiab loj, tus kwv tij rau lwm qhov ntev. Lawv them nyiaj yog yuav luag nruab nrab, yog li no protein feem yog tsis txav mus rau starting kab.

qhov yuav tsum tau siv

Tam sim no, electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab ntsuam yog feem ntau ua rau muaj tseeb mob ntawm tus kab mob no. Qhov no tsom xam tej zaum yuav muab raws li ib tug kws kho mob, li ntawd, cov kws kho mob nqaim profile. Indications yuav tsum yog nyob rau kev tshawb fawb:

• ntau yam mob;
• tus mob xwm ntawm tus kab mob;
• pathological dab nyob rau hauv lub connective ntaub so ntswg;
• nrog los ntshav;
• phem neoplasms.

Kev npaj rau tus me nyuam ntawm kev tsom xam

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov soj ntsuam tau yog lawm, tsawg kawg yog 8 teev ua ntej rau cov ntshav pub dawb yog tsim nyog muab los noj txais tos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los pom zoo rau kev noj tshuaj, yog tias muaj, nrog rau cov kws kho mob.

Piv txwv ntawm cov ntshav

Rau cov tau raug yuam overstated, nws yog tsim nyog los txo tau ntawm cov ntshav txhaws rau kev txiav txim ib tug protein cov zauv feem thiab tag nrho cov protein. Electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshiab yog nqa tawm zoo zoo, raws li muaj ib tug yuav ua rau muaj distortion ntawm cov kev tshwm sim vim fibrinogen. Nws yuav nkaum txawv txav cov nqaijrog los yog tsis meej pem nrog lawv.

qub qhov tseem ceeb

Tsis pub dhau hnub tom qab hnub uas tus qauv yog npaj txhij rau kev ntsuam xyuas rau electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab proteins. Norma tau txais kev kawm pawg nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus:

1. Tag nrho cov protein - 63-82 g / l.
2. Albumin - 40-60% ntawm tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov zauv feem.
3. α-globulins ₁ - 2-5%.
4. α-globulins ₂ - 7-13%.
5. β-globulins - 8-15%
6. γ-globulins - 12-22%.

Yuav tsum tsom xam

Hloov cov nqi ntawm tej protein feem nyob rau hauv lub nce los yog tej zaum yuav qhia txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug pathology. Yog xav tau kev txhim khu kev qha ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov no yuav tsum tau electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab proteins. Txiav suab ntawm cov kev tshwm sim txhawb kev kho mob cov tub txawg mob thiab kev xaiv ntawm kev kho mob.

Qhov nce nyob rau hauv albumin

Nyob rau hauv lub pib, txiav txim rau qhov nyiaj ntawm albumin nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm cov kev tshwm sim. Qhov nce nyob rau hauv no feem yuav tham txog lub cev qhuav dej. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim yog hais tias tus neeg mob muaj kev ib lub caij nyoog ntuav los yog mob nyob rau hauv lub digestive system. Albumin kuj nce tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kub yus ib tug loj cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

txo albumin

Ntau npaum li cas txaus ntshai, yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub cev txo tus nqi ntawm cov albumin, tej zaum nws yuav hais lus ntawm qhov nram qab no pathologies:

1. Mob ntawm ob lub raum thiab lub siab.
2. Pathology ntawm tus mob huam.
3. Kis kab dab.
4. Teeb nyob rau hauv cov hlab plawv system.
5. Los ntshav.
6. Malignancies.
7. Sepsis.
8. Rheumatism.

Ib me ntsis txo nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov albumin kuj yuav:

1. Nyob rau hauv expectant niam.
2. Nyob rau hauv excess koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj.
3. Thaum lub sij hawm ntev ua npaws.
4. Nyob rau hauv hnyav haus luam yeeb.

Hloov tus naj npawb ntawm α1-globulins

Txo tus nqi ntawm cov a1-globulins kaw nrog ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm α ₁ -antitrypsin. Ua tib yam taw tes nyob rau hauv exacerbation ntawm o nyob rau hauv lub cev, mob ntawm lub siab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lwj.

Txo α2-globulins

Sau npe nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab zib, mob ntawm lub pancreas, nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos nrog daj ntseg nyob rau hauv kab mob siab lom keeb kwm. Nws qhia tsis yog, kauj noj cov zaub mov.

Qhov nce nyob rau hauv α2-globulins

Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nram no tej yam kev mob:

1. Inflammations, tshwj xeeb nrog rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm purulent exudates (mob ntsws o thiab lwm yam dab nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm kua paug).
2. Connective cov ntaub so ntswg mob (e.g., rheumatic kab mob).
3. Malignancies.
4. Lub sij hawm ntawm rov qab tom qab kub nyhiab.
5. Raum kev koom tes.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, xws li ib tug tshwm sim yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntshav hemolysis nyob rau hauv vitro thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev kawm no.

Nce β-globulins

Hyperlipidemia yog qhia nyob (ua tus nqi ntawm cov lipids nyob rau hauv cov ntshav), daim siab thiab lub raum pathology. Yuav kuaj nrog rau kev qhib lub plab lub rwj, thiab hypothyroidism (thyroid teeb meem ua hauj lwm). Txo cov zauv feem tau saib xyuas ntawm gipobetalipoproteinemii (nce nyob rau hauv cov ntshav tivthaiv betalipoprotein).

Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub feem ntawm γ-globulins

Qhov no faction muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws cov tswv cuab immunoglobulins. Yog li ntawd ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv γ-globulins kaw ntawm swb nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum ib tug ntau yam ntawm tus kab mob, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub inflammatory txheej txheem, kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab hlawv kev raug mob. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm γ-globulins muaj cai nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas mob tus kab mob siab. Yuav luag tib yam teeb meem no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm mob npuas paug. Nyob rau hauv loj heev zaum ntawm tus kab mob no tus nqi ntawm cov protein γ-globulin feem ho siab tshaj albumin. Nyob rau hauv tej yam mob tej zaum yuav tsis nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm γ-globulins, thiab yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hloov cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav - paraprotein. immunoelectrophoresis - kawm ntxiv yog ua li cas los mus txiav txim rau qhov xwm ntawm xws li ib tug kev loj hlob. Qhov no txawv yog raug rau myeloma Waldenstrom tus kab mob thiab pathology.

Ua tus nqi ntawm cov γ-globulins kuj xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv cov nram no pathologies:

• lupus erythematosus;
• endotelioma;
• tsim kev mob caj dab rheumatoid;
• osteosarcoma;
• mob lymphocytic leukemia;
• Candidiasis.

Txo tus nqi ntawm cov γ-globulins

Cov poob nyob rau hauv γ-globulins raug muab faib ua 3 hom:

1. Nyoj (raug rau cov me nyuam los ntawm peb mus rau tsib lub hlis).
2. Congenital (tsim tom qab yug tus me nyuam).
3. Idiopathic (thaum qhov ua rau ntawm kev loj hlob tsis tau tsim).

Secondary txo sau npe nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau havzoov ntawm lub cev. Tsis ntev los no nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum yog nce kev tsom xam seb puas muaj tus kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm prealbumin. Feem ntau, xws li ib tug kev tshawb nqa tawm cov neeg mob uas muaj nyob rau hauv intensive kev saib xyuas.

Txo tus naj npawb ntawm prealbumin yog qho tseem ceeb heev thiab yog xeem los mus txiav txim cov lug ntawm protein deficiency nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg mob. Thaum lub sij hawm tus tsom xam ua rau prealbumin kho protein metabolism nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob.

zis electrophoresis

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tej kev tsom xam yog zoo li kev ua tau zoo electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab technology. Nws yog nqa tawm rau ib tug ntau yog mob los yog nrhiav kom tau ntawm lwm yam kev txawv txav. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, xws li ib tsom xam yuav pab kom paub tias cov neeg mob hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm proteinuria.

xaus

Electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab thiab zis - ib qho tseem ceeb txoj kev nyob rau hauv qhov mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob kab mob. Tsaug rau cov kev tshawb fawb vib this thiab cov neeg, lawv pab los mus txiav txim lub hom pathology. Yog mob - ib tug txoj kev uas yuav kho kho mob thiab tag nrho rov qab.