Electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav cov nqaijrog

Cov nqaijrog yog qhov tseem ceeb hais nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos. Lawv tsim los ntawm chains ntawm amino acids. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, muaj ntau tshaj 100 hom ntawm cov protein molecules. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb paub lawm ntau yam ntawm kev khiav dej num. Ntawm cov molecules cais fibrinogen, transferrin, immunoglobulins, lipoproteins, albumin, thiab lwm tus neeg. Rho tawm ntawm protein fractions nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, tiam sis feem ntau nrov nrhiav electrophoresis. Xav txog nws cov nta rau hauv kom meej.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Tag nrho cov ntshav cov nqaijrog tsim "tag nrho cov protein". Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj xws li Cheebtsam xws li albumins thiab globulins. разделяет их на эти элементы. Electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav cov nqaijrog cais lawv mus rau hauv cov ntsiab. Qhov no txoj kev enabled lub division coj diagnostics rau qib tom ntej.

tseem

. Molecules tau tsis zoo los yog zoo xwb, hais tias nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas lub electrophoresis yog ua ntshav protein fractions. Nyob rau lawv lub zog muaj feem xyuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov nqi. Ximxoo zog yog txiav txim thiab qhov zoo thiab luaj li cas ntawm cov molecules lawv tus kheej, lawv cov luj. Hais nrog ib tug zoo xwb muaj ib tug zoo adsorption tshaj qhov tsis zoo.

albumin

Lawv pom tau hais tias qhov loj tshaj plaws protein molecules rau tag nrho cov tog nyob rau hauv lub ntshiab. Tus xov tooj no qhia cov protein albumin raws li txoj cai ntawm ntau hauv nruab nrog cev. Raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov hom phiaj ntawm lub lwg me me ua raws li khaws cia colloidal osmotic siab. Nws yuav pab kom cov kua system nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Raws li, nws puas yuav tau piav qhia txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathological tej yam kev mob xws li pulmonary edema, ascites, thiab li ntawd.

globulins

Lawv muab faib ua ob peb pab pawg. позволяет провести их количественное разделение в лаборатории. Protein electrophoresis txoj kev tso cai rau kom nqa tawm lawv ntau sib cais nyob rau hauv lub lab. Ntawm cov Cheebtsam ntawm lub globulins cais:

1. Alpha-1. Cov ntsiab comprise alpha-1-antitrypsin, thiab thyroxine losis tswvyim dabtsi globulin.
2. Alpha-2. Lawv muaj qhov chaw ntawm ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin thiab lwm tus neeg.
3. Beta-hais. Ntawm lawv yog cov lub Cheebtsam ntawm complement, transferrin, beta-lipoprotein.
4. Gamma ib feem. Nws muaj immunoglobulins A, E, F, G, D.

с увеличением частей альфа-1 и альфа-2 указывает на начало воспалительного процесса. Electrophoresis ntawm cov nqaijrog nrog nce feem ntawm alpha-1 thiab alpha-2 ntawd hais qhov pib ntawm o.

cai

Electrophoresis ntawm cov nqaijrog muaj kev cuam tshuam cov noj qab nyob zoo kab mob raws li nram no (nyob rau hauv g / dl):

1. Albumin 3.4-5.
2. Alpha 1 globulin - los ntawm 0.1 mus 0.3.
3. Alpha-2 - los ntawm 0.6 mus rau 1.
4. Beta-globulin - los ntawm 0.7 mus 1.2.
5. Gamma globulin - los ntawm 0.7 mus 1.6.
6. General indicators - los ntawm 6.4 mus 8.3.

zoo ntawm tus mob

Raws li twb hais los saum no, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj txaus sib cais txoj kev uas muaj protein ntau molecules rau tej yam. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau yog cov electrophoresis ntawm proteins. фракции, содержащиеся в определенных биологических средах, могут выделяться только этим способом. Protein fractions muaj nyob rau hauv tej yam lom kawm yuav tsuas muab sau ua ke nyob rau hauv no txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws tso cai rau koj mus nrhiav tau paraproteins. специальный клинический способ анализа. Protein electrophoresis - ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev soj ntsuam tsom xam. Nws enables mus ntes tej kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub molecules, uas muaj peev xwm ua raws li cov tsos mob ntawm tej yam pathologies. – доступный способ диагностики. Electrophoresis protein fractions - ib tug pheej yig txoj kev uas yuav mob. Nws tau ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chaw soj nstuam. Raws li cov undoubted kev pab nws yuav tsum tau lub npe hu ua cov neeg thiab cov kev ceev ntawm muab tau. позволяет выявить изменения: Electrophoresis ntawm ntshiab cov nqaijrog qhia cov kev hloov:

1. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov protein molecules.
2. Lub quantitative piv ntawm cov yam ntxwv hais.

Tau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb

Capillary electrophoresis tso cai mus rau ib co hom proteins. Txawm li cas los, ib co ntawm cov molecules yuav tsis raug kuaj los ntawm no txoj kev. Qhov kos yog albumin. Rau ntxaum tsom xam ntawm cov zauv feem siv electrophoresis. Cov theem ntawm ntau pawg yuav ntsuas los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm tag nrho cov nqaijrog index khoo los ntawm cov txheeb ze kev faib ua feem% ntawm txhua.

nuances

обязательно должен выполняться одновременно с измерением содержания иммуноглобулинов М, А и G. Варианты с большей концентрацией первых двух, которые не могут отдельно исследоваться, необходимо направить на повторный анализ. Electrophoresis ntawm cov nqaijrog muaj yuav tsum tau ua ib txhij nrog cov kev ntsuas ntawm immunoglobulins M, A thiab G. Variants nrog ntau dua concentration ntawm thawj ob lub, uas tsis tau soj ntsuam nyias, nws yog tsim nyog los xa cov re-tsom xam. Nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm me immunofixation paraproteinovyh pawg.

soj ntsuam daim duab

позволяет обнаружить начало течения патологий почек и печени, генетические деформации, формирование опухолей злокачественного характера, активацию хронических и острых инфекций. Electrophoresis ntawm cov nqaijrog tso cai los xyuas txog cov pib uas txaus pathologies raum thiab lub siab, caj lim, tus tsim ntawm phem hlav cim ua kom mob thiab mob kab mob. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws tseem ceeb ib tug xov tooj ntawm "syndromes", uas qhia tau hais tias lub seev suab ntawm tus tsom xam:

1. Tus muaj zog kev faib ua feem ntawm alpha-1 thiab alpha-2 globulins, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm mob-theem cov nqaijrog qhia thaum pib ntawm ib tug mob inflammatory txheej txheem nrog kom ntawm lub complement system. Thaum peb qhia ib tug yooj yim hematology tsom xam nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no yuav qhia tsuas ntau zog ESR thiab leukocytosis.
2. Txo lub meej concentration ntawm albumin qhia mob loj heev mob siab. Tus kab mob siab thiab mob npuas paug tshwm sim thaum tus nqi ntawm cov gamma-globulin. показывает их превышение над альбуминами, необходимо незамедлительно повторить исследование и направиться на комплексное обследование. Yog hais tias protein electrophoresis qhia tau hais tias lawv tshaj tshaj albumin, ib qho mob ceev yuav tsum tau rov hais dua cov kev kawm thiab lub taub hau mus rau lub kev xeem.
3. Ib tug loj tsawv nce ntawm beta-, gamma- thiab alpha-2-globulin nrog ib tug me ntsis txo nyob rau hauv albumin qhia collagenoses, mob mob, malignancy neoplasms benign xwm, kev tsis haum tshuaj, autoimmune pathologies.

nephrotic syndrome

Nws thiaj paub tias yog thaum seev suab kev tshawb fawb qhia ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm pom ntawm cov protein molecules ntawm lub raum tubules thiab xim proteinuria. Cov yav tas yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm albumin feem, thiab ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov uas tsis muaj molecular yuag globulins nyob rau hauv cov zis. Ua ke nrog cov kev vam meej ntawm lub syndrome yog pom intensive synthesis ntawm loj molecules cov pab pawg neeg ntawm alpha-2-globulin nyob rau hauv lub siab. Lawv noog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav dej. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, xws li ib tug qauv yog tsim. Txo albumin, thiab tsub kom tus nqi ntawm cov alpha-2-globulin.

ntxiv

Tseem ceeb protein losses tsis ceev nephrotic syndrome. Lawv cim thiab Laella kab mob, uas nws kim heev kev kub nyhiab, pathologies ntawm lub digestive system thiab li ntawd. Thaum Abuse hnyuv proteinogram seev suab qhia ib tug thawj ntawm albumin cov ntsiab lus thiab ib tug simultaneous nce nyob rau hauv feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov pab pawg globulins. Tswj lub protein theem yuav ua tau tiav los ntawm kev ua tau zoo electrophoresis. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav ua kom paub cov tshuaj, protein hloov ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv cim txo nyob rau hauv lub gamma-globulins tshuaj mob mob loj heev immunodeficiency mas yuav kis tau los yog congenital xwm. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, kom paub tias cov tiav kev soj ntsuam daim duab yog ntxiv pom zoo los mus txiav txim cov ntsiab lus ntawm immunoglobulin M, A, G.

paraproteinemia

Electrophoresis yog suav hais tias yog tib txoj kev uas tso cai rau nws mus ntes. Paraproteinemia - cov tsos mob nrog hnyav pob loj hlob benign thiab phem xwm. Txuam nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm monoclonal tshuaj raws li zoo raws li tawg tsam ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo mus rau ntau yam myeloma thiab tej yam leukemias. Rau ntau yam thiab lub tsev lag luam ntawm paraprotein protein chains nws yog pom zoo kom ua tau ib tug hloov electrophoresis - immunofixation. Yuav kom txoj kev kawm siv Helium phaj nrog antiserum.

Cov yam ntxwv fractions rau lub electrophoretic nkhaus

1. Transthyretin (prealbumin). Nws nruab nrab raum protein. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub albumin, txawv luv luv-nyob ib nrab-lub neej. Prealbumin uake thyroid hormone thauj protein rau vitamin A. Nws cov ntsiab lus pub rau peb rau kev tsom xam mov ntawm cov nqaijrog ntawm lub peripheral ntaub so ntswg. Thaum tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev noj haus thiab daim siab mob muaj yog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nws qhia.
2. Alpha-1-lipoproteins. Lawv sawv cev rau ib yam faintly cheeb tsam ntawm alpha-1-globulin thiab albumin. Lub qhov ntev ntawm tus thawj aav yog txhais los ntawm lub theem ntawm cov lwm yam hais. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub alpha-1- antitrypsin, -fetoprotein, -microglobulin. Nyob rau hauv mob o sau tseg pom darkening.
3. Alpha-1 antitrypsin. Nws caj ces variability yog manifested hloov zog cov nqaijrog, txhawb siab muaj nuj nqi kev ntsuam xyuas, mob npuas paug. Tawm tsam tom qab uas cev xeeb tub cim poob.
4. Alpha-1-fetoprotein. Nws yog ib tug marker ntawm hepatic pathologies thiab congenital hlav nyob rau hauv thaum mob.
5. Gamma-globulins. Zone yog yus nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim lub zog ntawm cov immunoglobulin cov chav kawm M thiab G.
6. Fibrinogen. Nws yog ib tug protein nyob rau hauv cov ntshav txhaws system. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm gamma thiab beta globulins. Nyob rau hauv mob o cai nce nyob rau hauv fibrinogen. Rau hauv loj heev siab tsis ua hauj lwm, disseminated intravascular coagulation qhia ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nws qib.

Monoclonal immunoglobulins yog pom xwb nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm pathology.