Dawb nqe - yog dab tsi? Anthology ntawm Lavxias teb sab vers Libre

Cov tsab xov xwm yuav muab suav hais tias xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li free nqe. Yuav ua li cas yog nws, dab tsi yog nws tus yam ntxwv, keeb kwm thiab sib txawv los ntawm ib sab nrhiav - tag nrho cov no yuav tsum los sib tham. Peb pib nrog ib tug txhais.

Nta free nqe

Lavxias teb sab free nqe - ib tug tshwm sim uas generates ib tug ntau sib cav tswv yim. Literary critics thiab paj huam debating txog qhov muaj yog ib tug dawb nqe ntawd yog dab tsi nws "muaj hnub nyoog" ... Muaj txawm tias ib tug sib cav tswv yim hais txog seb puas yuav siv qhov no heev lub sij hawm tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub science, kev cia siab rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm zaum 1910-1920 xyoo, mas Tynyanov (nws portrait yog qhia hauv qab no), muaj ib tug ncaj clear-txiav mus kom ze rau qhov kev nkag siab txog dab tsi free nqe nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

Qhov no xyov hom paj huam, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug zoo ib yam rejection uas muaj cov hom yog ib tug "theem nrab nta" yam ntxwv ntawm poetic hais lus: lub syllabic 'meter', suab xaus sib dhos, izosillabizma, isotonicity thiab kev stanzas. Tsis muaj yam qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav pab peb txiav txim seb tus dawb nqe. Yuav ua li cas yog nws, koj yuav to taub zoo dua los ntawm muab piv nrog nyob ib sab cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog nthuav tawm ntawm lub kawg.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm free nqe

Dawb nqe lus no, yog li to taub, yuav tshwm sim xwb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob qhov twg lub teb chaws caij system yog tsim rau ib tug high degree. Cov no yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub Fabkis thiab German nqe lus no, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub tom ntej no - cov lus Askiv hais lus thiab Lavxias teb sab. Thaum resemblance preliterate ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nqe lus no, feem ntau molitvoslovnogo, nrog niaj hnub no tus dawb nqe lus no, ib tug yuav tsum lees hais tias nws yog heev ntau haiv neeg phenomena nyob rau hauv keeb kwm cov ntsiab lus uas. Lus dab neeg, qhov ncauj "predverlibr" tshwm rau kev lig kev cai, "uas tsis yog-free" nqe nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Qhov no kev lig kev cai tau ua rau peb centuries. Ib tug niaj hnub tsim los ntawm "predverlibra". Nws tau tshwm sim los ntawm phasing tawm tus sau phau ntawv ntawm cov neeg los yog lwm yam sab nraud cov tsos mob ntawm lub nqe li ua tsis tsim nyog rau cov paj huam rau lawv tus kheej, thiab rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv uas yog ua ntau sophisticated.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias "zoo xws li cov" rau cov dawb nqe neeg tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 19th thiab txawm lub 18th pua, muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws paj huam. A. Sumarokov (nws portrait yog muab saum toj no), piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1747 luam tawm 19 phau ntawv nws tsim cov phau ntawv, qhov chaw uas lawv tau muab tso rau transcriptions ntawm lub Psalms. Subtitles, uas tau nruab nrog cov phau ntawv, cov nram qab no: "cia li raws li lub Hebrew". Lawv nrhiav tus niaj hnub soj ntsuam yog heev full-fledged free nqe.

Lavxias teb sab free nqe nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19

Muaj ntau cov kwv huam tsis muaj 'meter', suab xaus sib dhos, thiab lwm yam tsoos cwj pwm nyob rau hauv cov paj huam los ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, uas txhais rau hauv lub Fabkis los yog German sau phau ntawv thiab dawb do xyaum lawv, nyob rau hauv ib yam ntse uas era. Cov no sau phau ntawv yuav tsum tau qhia los ntawm Ivan Turgenev, AA tseeb, Mikhailova. Thaum kawg, Nikolay Yazykov (nws portrait yog muab saum toj no) nyob rau hauv 1840, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv dab neeg paj huam hu ua "Thaum siv Parnassian tswv ..." nqa tawm lub xyaum ua tej yam, uas tau ua heev nrov li cov pab tswvyim ntawm free nqe lus no, thiab (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog) nws tw 20 caug xyoo. Nikolay Yazykov kaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov rhymed prose metric ib feem ntawm nws cov lus, thiab nyob rau hauv "kem" - ib tug uas yog devoid ntawm nta xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus, uas yog, yog ib tug dawb nqe (nws yog dab tsi, koj twb paub). Cov piv txwv, thiab lwm leej lwm tus nyiam, txawm li cas los, ib tug tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntau. Sergey Kormilov, niaj hnub stihoved, muaj mus rau nws hu marginality. Lub fact tias qhov no paj huam (free nqe) yog ib hom ntawm "rau lub margins" ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - translations, parodies, transcriptions, humorous kwv huam.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab free nqe nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th

Lub foregoing kuj siv mus rau tus thawj kev ntawm free nqe ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv M. Kuzmin, lawv K. Balmont thiab Bryusov tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm free imitations ntawm txawv teb chaws paj huam. Thiab nyob rau tib lub Kuzmin, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv L. Semyonov thiab Dobrolyubov - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ncaj qha imitation ntawm sab ntsuj plig pej xeem nqe. Nrog kev xav txog cov Roerich, nws free nqe - qhov no paj huam, uas ntxiv kev txawj ntse ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj, thiab cov thawj kuaj devoid ntawm marginality, ntshiab vers Libre.

Nws piv txwv uas peb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Gippius, Thaiv, Kamensky, Sologub, Torsion, Guro, Khlebnikov ... Kuv twv nws yog yooj yim yuav tsum tau hu ua paj huam ntawm lub nyiaj hnub nyoog, leej twg yeej tsis tig mus rau dawb nqe tshaj li cov neeg uas muab rau nws.

Dawb nqe yog outlawed

Lavxias teb sab free nqe nyob rau hauv lub 1920-30s. Nws qhia txoj hmoo ntau mus rau ib tug plurality ntawm lub teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv cov txheej xwm. Thawj nws tshaj tawm lub thiaj li hu ua orthodox saib ntawm proletarian kos duab. Me ntsis tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm "kev kawm los ntawm cov classics," nws twb ntshai raws li ib tug khoom ntawm tus decomposition ntawm bourgeois kos duab. Nws yog ib, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muab lub free nqe outlawed. Tus sau phau ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua yog nthuav thiab fruitful ua hauj lwm nrog daim ntawv no ntawm paj huam (G. Obolduev V. Mazurin, Neldihen S., D. harms) tau hla nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

kev ncaj ncees

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lig lub sijhawm xyoo 1950 - thaum ntxov 1960, free nqe dua tuaj tawm ntawm qho. Txawm li cas los, nws rov qab tsis tau ntev: no mas, yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov hauj lwm ideological txiav npluav, tab sis cov saj, lub editorial barrier (tsis tsawg nruj) txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm. Tsis tshua muaj ntaub ntawv vers Libre Rylenkova N., K. Nekrasov V. Soloukhina V. Buric tsis nrog tsis zoo thuam los ntawm tsoom fwv. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tsis muaj advertising, nws free nqe luam tawm xws masters ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam raws li I. Selvinsky, Ushakov, Vinokurov, Konstantin Simonov, Boris Slutsky thiab Dmitry Samoilov L. Ozerov, Voznesensky , Yashin, V. Bokov, A. Shestinsky - sau phau ntawv, hais txog qhov sib txawv chaw nyob rau hauv phau ntawv tswv yim zoo txhim.

"Dawb nqe sij hawm"

Nyob rau hauv 1980-1990, muaj los ib tug "lub sij hawm ntawm vers Libre." Qhov no lub sij hawm twb npaum li cas los ntawm cov tib zaj paj huam Tatiana Danilyants, Moscow kws sau paj lug (pictured saum toj no). Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov paj huam tsis muaj 'meter' thiab zaj lus sib dhos mam li nco dheev pib yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine, anthologies thiab collections ntawm copyright. Thiab tam sim no, ib tug tshiab tej teeb meem dua domestic vers Libre. Cov neeg uas sau ntawv mus rau lawv ob peb xyoo lawm, txais mus sib ntaus sib tua rau lub "purity ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem." Lawv pib ua tiv thaiv ntau yam polymetric hybrid ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv uas lub sij free nqe (teeb meem teeb meem) yog nyob ib sab mus rau lub metric, lus sib dhos thiab lwm yam "muaj mob loj" cov ntaub ntawv.

Ntau yam ntawm "free nqe" thiab "dawb nqe"

Sau phau ntawv xa ib tug tshiab yoj, uas tsis muaj los ua ib lub ntiajteb txawj nqus xovxwm, nyob rau hauv uas nws quab matured zoo es qhuav thiab laconic free nqe V. Kupriyanov, A. Mets, V. Buric, on qhov tsis tooj, nws yog yuav tsum tau hu mus rau free polymetric daim ntawv. Lawv rightly ntseeg (los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm kev nkag siab, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog tus terminology), uas tej kev txwv ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej, nrog rau cov siv rejection ntawm cov nqe lus muab feeb coj - yog tsis muaj txoj kev ywj pheej. Yog li sawv cov txim hluav taws xob ntawm "free nqe" thiab "dawb nqe lus no," uas tag tsis meej pem raws li tus sau phau ntawv ntawm tej hauj lwm, thiab kev txawj nyeem ntawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, raws li hais saum toj no, nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm nqe niaj hnub no, muaj ib tug nruj system ntawm lub tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv nws free nqe (vers Libre) - ib tug zoo-txhais kev sau ntawv tshwm sim. Raws li rau installation, polymetric, hybrid thiab lwm yam zoo xws ntaub ntawv, rau lawv muaj lawv tus kheej, yog tseem heev nruj thiab kev npe. Feem ntau ntawm cov paj huam, txawm li cas los, to taub hais tias. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev sib tham ua nrog advertising thiab lwm yam ntxiv-txawj hom phiaj.

Kev ua ub no K. Dzhangirov

"Anthology ntawm Lavxias teb sab vers Libre" - ib tug zoo-paub sau, tso ua ke Karenom Dzhangirovym. Nws twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1991. No sau muaj xws li cov dawb nqe ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nws yog notable rau lub fact tias ib tug ntawm cov thawj ntawm nws hom. Los ntawm txoj kev, Karen Dzhangirov xam tau tias yog ib tug Maestro ntawm Lavxias teb sab free nqe. Nyob rau hauv 1980 nws tau hloov rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm paj huam nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, democratize nws, yuav ua rau muaj rau ob leeg sau phau ntawv thiab kev txawj nyeem ntawv.

Thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm cov dawb nqe

Yog li, nws yog ntseeg hais tias dawb nqe - ib tug txawj lub sij hawm, uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov nram qab no nta: nws muaj tej nuj nqis suab xaus sib dhos tsis loj thiab nws cov kab cov txheej txheem raws qhov ntev. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhais tau ntau precisely, lub nram qab no cov tswv yim yuav tsum tau muab faib: dawb paug nqe lus no, free nqe lus no, tws prose, paj huam nyob rau hauv prose.

txhoov prose

Cas, nws yog ntseeg hais tias yog qhov teeb meem tej yam me me lus nyob rau hauv prose nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov fragmentary kab, koj tau free nqe. Qhov no yog vim hais tias ntawm ib tug formal point of view. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tsis tshua muaj tseem ceeb thiab yam dab tsi uas yuav variously muab faib mus rau hauv kab ib tug thiab tib zaj uas luag. Xws li yog "tws prose" yog feem ntau hais raws li free nqe. Piv txwv ntawm cov kwv huam, txawm free, tsis tau sib txawv los ntawm prose, tab sis yog tus kawg ntawv nyeem yuav ua tau heev melodic. Cuaj kaum, nws tsis yog free nqe lus no, vim hais tias nqe vaj lug kub kab tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm decomposition.

Kwv huam nyob rau hauv luag

Kwv huam nyob rau hauv luag (tsis muaj lus sib dhos) - yuav luag tib yam tws prose, tab sis ntau lyrical. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm melodious, nplua nuj intonations. Nws muaj harmonies, zoo hais. Yog tsis muaj kab so no paj huam yuav tsum tau muab. Dawb nqe nyob rau hauv no hais txog coincides nrog tus duab ua ntej rau peb. Stanzas ntawm cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv prose yog ib tug tas mus li nyeem. Nws yog ib tug heev zoo nkauj poetic ntaus ntawv, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim hnub. Poets lovers nta feem ntau resorted mus rau nws mus nkaum flaws - kev los yog semantic.

dawb paug nqe

Dawb nqe yuav tsum tau txawv los ntawm dawb paug nqe lus no, uas kuj yog ib tug zoo ntawm bezrifmennogo versification. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau tam sim no lub suab thiab loj, nyob rau hauv tib kab. Phau ntawv tsim nyob rau hauv lub zaj paj huam. Qhaj ntawv ntawm zaj lus sib dhos yog tus tsuas yog assumption. Technically, qhov no yog nej ib tug yooj yim ua kom yuam kev, tab sis nws yog paj huam, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog "sublimated kev txiav txim zoo." Cov dawb paug nqe daim ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov ancient paj huam ua tau raws li kev lig kev cai sib dhos paj huam nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb tsis tau npaum li cas lawm. Niaj hnub no, dawb paug nqe feem ntau stylized pej xeem epic. Sib dhos yog ignored txhob txwm tshaj tawm.

Yog li ntawd, free nqe - ib tug txawj lub sij hawm uas yuav tsum tau txawv los ntawm lwm yam kev tswv yim. Nws yog synonymous nrog lub sij hawm "free nqe."