Cov ntawv kab lus: cov tsiaj, txawv txav, siv

Txhua lo lus hauv Lavxias muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Qhov no yuav pab qhia txog kev hais lus tseeb thiab kev xav. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov lus muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm associative thiab muaj ntxiv leb nqi, uas feem ntau yog portable. Tej lexical vaj tse nquag siv los ntawm paj huam thiab sau ntawv los tsim tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, thiab ib tug uas zoo sib xws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus tau raug hu ua cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev sau ntawv txoj kev taug. Lawv muab cov ntawv nyeem coj los qhia thiab pab qhia kom tseeb dua lawv cov kev xav.

Hom kev kos duab thiab kev pom zoo

Cov tropes cais adjectives, kev sib piv, metaphors, impersonation metonymy, paraphrase, synecdoche, litotes, hyperbola. Muaj peev xwm mus saib lawv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov kos duab ua hauj lwm tso cai rau peb kom peb to taub txog cov ideological hom phiaj ntawm tus sau, txaus siab rau cov wealth ntawm kuj zoo kawg Lavxias teb sab lus. Thiab kev siv ntawm tropes nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej hais lus yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib tug neeg uas yog literate, kab ke, leej twg hais tau meej thiab expressively.

Koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas hauv cov ntawv nyeem thiab kawm paub siv cov kev sau zaj dab neeg rau koj tus kheej li cas?

Cov lus nrog cov qauv ntawm kev kos duab

Cia peb kawm saib cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov sau ntawv zoo li cas.

Yog li, cov kab lus sau - cov lus qhia txog qhov lawv tseem ceeb - qhia tau tias txawm yog ib tus neeg tsis muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Nws tsuas yog to taub lawv cov essence. Ua li no, cia peb tshuaj xyuas ntau yam kev txhais lus, uas feem ntau ua rau cov teeb meem loj tshaj.

Ua piv txwv thiab kev ua haujlwm

Tsis zoo li kev sib piv, uas muaj ob yam khoom los yog qhov tshwm sim - qhov qub thiab qhov uas tau muab coj los sib piv, cov kab kev sau no tsuas muaj qhov thib ob. Hauv kev piv txwv, kev zoo sib xws tuaj yeem hais hauv cov xim, ntim, daim ntawv, lub hom phiaj, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm no yog cov piv txwv ntawm xws siv lus nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab: "hli saib ntoo", "tav su pa".

Impersonation yog txawv los ntawm ua piv txwv qhia hais tias sawv cev rau ib tug xav paub ntau dua duab ntawm lub "poob nthav tsa cov cua pov thiab moaned tag nrho hmo ntuj."

Teev lus, suab paj nruag, periphrasis

Cov ntawv kab lus no feem ntau tsis totaub nrog cov lus hais saum toj no. Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov teeb meem no, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas lus nyob hauv lub ntsiab lus yuav ua tau raws li nram no:

• cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov tseeb hais tias nws muaj xws li: "noj ib lub phaj";
• tus sau thiab nws ua hauj lwm, "nco ntsoov txog tag nrho cov Gogol";
• kev txiav txim thiab ib qho kev ntsuas rau nws commission, "lub zos twb ibtxhi swords";
• cov kev kawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm uas nws yog los, "iav ntawm lub exhibition";
• chaw thiab cov neeg tam sim no muaj, "lub nroog tsis tsaug zog."

Synecdoche feem ntau implies ib quantitative kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab phenomena, "ces txhua leej txhua tus yog aiming rau Napoleon."

Perifraz

Qee zaum cov neeg sau ntawv thiab cov kws sau paj huam, xav paub ntau dua thiab kev tsim duab, hloov lub npe ntawm ib yam khoom los yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev qhia nws cov cim tseem ceeb. Peripheral pab cuam tshuam dua thiab txuas cov kab lus hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Xav txog cov piv txwv ntawm cov zajlus txoj kev: "ci ntsa iab steel" - ib tug dagger, "tus sau ntawm" Mumu "- Ivan Turgenev," lub qub poj niam nrog ib tug rab liag "- tuag.