Ci thiab qab zib xim (pictured). Qhuav thiab kev luj xyuas ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qab zib

Lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm peb tau ua thiaj li paub hais tias peb feem ntau tsis txawm paub tias cov neeg tej yam me me uas ua tau peb lub neej. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav haus dej haus tshuaj yej los yog kasfes, tej zaum peb yuav ua siab loj coj lub qab zib yuav txhim khu lub tsw. Tab sis li cas yog cov khoom no? Yuav ua li cas xim qab zib? Yog nws ci? Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub rhawv nyob rau hauv lub khw xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov khoom. Ntau nyob ntawm lub hom ntawm cov khoom. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov xim uas siv lead ua qab zib, nws yog dawb, thiab yog hais tias tus pas nrig, lub variants tej zaum yuav txawv.

tseem ceeb khoom noj khoom haus

Muaj ob peb hom sucrose, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab hu ua qab zib. Nws muaj ib tug high zaub mov muaj nqis, raws li nws yog yooj yim digestible carbohydrates. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws yog phua rau hauv ob lub Cheebtsam (fructose thiab piam thaj), thiab sai li sai tau nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Los ntawm tus txiv neej no yog tau nyob raws li zib - qhov chaw ntawm cov ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov zog uas lub cev xav tau kev pab rau lub hnub. Tab sis nws concentration yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj qhov txhia qhov, vim hais tias nws yuav ua tau kom mob loj heev. Qabzib muaj cov lus rov nyhuv rau lom los yog tej yam siab cov kab mob. Nws muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau lub cev, li ntawd nws yog tej zaum txhaj ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, qab zib yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv rau qhov kev npaj ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub confectionery kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, caramel, meringues thiab dragees 80-95% muaj ntawm no qab zib, qhob noom xim kasfes thiab candies - 50%, hmoov - los ntawm 30-40%. qab zib xim yuav txawv, nws nyob rau ntawm dab tsi cov khoom nws tau ua thiab seb ntxiv tshuaj dawb tso coj qhov chaw.

Keeb kwm ntawm foundations

Is Nrias teb yog lub birthplace ntawm tus hlub qab zib. Lo lus nws tus kheej muaj ancient Indian cov hauv paus hniav, tab sis tau txais nws los ntawm Greek rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. European pioneers ntawm cov khoom no yog cov Loos. Lawv yuav nws nyob rau hauv tsev thiab nqa mus rau lawv tsev. Intermediary nyob rau hauv xws trading ua tim lyiv teb chaws, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog ib tug xeev ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws. Cov khoom no yog manufactured los ntawm qab zib pas nrig. Thawj cia lub kua txiv, thiab ces, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob, muaj qab zib noj. Cov xim ntawm lub qab zib, uas twb tau, yog xim av.

Thaum lub sij hawm, cov neeg Loos pib loj hlob pas nrig nyob rau hauv yav qab teb Spain thiab Sicily, tab sis nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lawv lub xeev tag nrho lawm yog nres. Lavxias teb sab qab zib thawj nyob rau hauv lub XI-XII centuries. Tab sis nws paub qhov saj ntawm tsuas xaiv, uas yog, tus tub huabtais thiab nws entourage. Peter kuv txiav txim siab tias kuv yuav tsum los tsim cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab qhib thawj "Lub tsev ntawm qab zib" nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. Tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim. Tom qab tag nrho, lub raw khoom tseem yuav tsum tau muab mas los ntawm txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1809 nws tau ua ib tug kov nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, raws li nws twb pom hais tias cov piam thaj yuav tau muab rho tawm los ntawm lub zos cov hauv paus hniav cov qoob loo - beets. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov khoom no tsis tuaj nrog ib lub rooj ntawm tag nrho cov inhabitants ntawm Russia, thiab tus nqi ntawm tau yog tsuas yog ua txhua txhua xyoo.

xim av qab zib

Raws li hais saum toj no, qhov no zoo ntawm cov khoom qab zib ua los ntawm pas nrig. Lub muaju yog them nrog zib suab thaj (suab thaj), thiab qhov no vim cov xim thiab tsis hnov tsw ntawm qab zib. Lub tshuab yog haum yooj yim (phoov yog ua, thiab ces nws yuav hau), tab sis tseem nws muaj nws tus kheej specifics. Hom ntawm xim av qab zib yog ib tug heev heev. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov zib suab thaj uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub muaju. Feem ntau vim kev ntxoov ntawm no zoo no yog hu ua "kas fes" los yog "tshuaj yej". Manufacturers yog Tso cov khoom no raws li ib tug khoom kim heev thiab eco-friendly, uas tsub kom nws tus nqi. Tab sis nutritionists ceeb toom hais tias vim lub fact tias qab zib yog ntxuav, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav muaj xws li pliaj impurities thiab caloric cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no tsis muaj qis tshaj li niaj zaus. Feem ntau, cov kev kawm muaj piam thaj xim yog tiav los ntawm tshuaj dawb tso ntawm carbonic acid, los yog cov leej faj dioxide.

Siv los ntawm beet

Ib tug tho kev nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog pom tau hais tias Andreas Margraf, uas luam tawm nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1747. Nws qhia lub peev xwm rau extracting qab zib los ntawm beet paus cov qoob loo. Nws kuj piav txog yuav ua li cas no, uas twb nqes los rau peb hnub. Nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv Achard sim los tsim kom tau ib tug cog rau zus tau tej cov khoom qab zib, tab sis yog hai. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1806 nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm Napoleon, zus tau txheej txheem muaj lawm launched. Nws ntseeg hais tias qhov no yuav pab Fabkis ua ntau tus kheej thiab tsis yog nyob ntawm seb txawv teb chaws tuaj txawv teb chaws.

Tus thawj cog rau zus tau tej cov no raw khoom nyob rau hauv Russia twb ua nyob rau hauv 1806, tab sis lub resulting khoom yog haum nkaus xwb rau distillation mus rau hauv dej cawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1897 nyob rau lub teb chaws ua hauj lwm twb 236 factories, uas ua ke ua los 45 lab tons ntawm qab zib rau ib xyoos. Lub tshuab uas siv ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub beet yog raws li nram no: los ntawm txoj kev diffusion rho tawm los ntawm lub hauv paus phoov, nws yog dhau los ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej rau nkauj nraug sis plawv hniav preheated kua rau 60 degrees, nyob rau lub nkauj nraug tshaj dej. Ces tus lim kua txiv nrog txiv qaub thiab carbonic acid. Cov uas ua concentrate yog evaporated kom txog thaum muaju tsedyat thiab muab tso rau hauv ib tug centrifuge, uas cais cov yam khoom los ntawm zib suab thaj. Cov khoom tau twb qhuav thiab npaj nrog txawv tsi ntsees ntawm qab zib sucrose.

Yuav ua li cas xim yog lub qab zib beet zaum yuav tau muag? Qhov tseeb cov lus teb - dawb, tej zaum tsuas yog ib lub me ntsis zas daj.

organoleptic zog

Organoleptic - ib txoj kev uas yuav ua rau nws tau los mus txiav txim qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov tsis totaub, namely pom, lub rooj sib hais, saj, tsis hnov tsw thiab kov. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qab zib manufactured nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xuab zeb. Kws txawj, ua ntej uas lub qhov muag ntawm manufactured khoom, ntsuam xyuas cov xim ntawm lub qab zib, seb nws muaj ib tug ci, dab tsi nws qab qab li. Qhov tseeb tiag mas, nws yuav tsum muaj xws li ntawm tib yam loj thiab zoo ntawm lub muaju uas tau qhia lub ntsej muag thiab ci. Lub tsw thiab saj raws li lub qhuav teeb meem thiab nws cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau qab zib, tsis muaj impurities. Dissolve nyob rau hauv dej, nws yuav tsum tau siab thiab xim ntawm cov dej yog tsis tau hloov. Xim ntawm qab zib - dawb, lub teeb daj ntxoov ntxoo yog tau. Yuav Tsum vaj tse - fluidity tsis tau lumps.

pob qab zib

Qab Zib-tub hu ua ntxiv kom zoo zoo qab zib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub yav tas los piav granulated qab zib. Nws cov khoom no zoo heev rau lub thaj chaw ntawm nws cov "txheeb ze". Tsim cov khoom ntawm lwm lub vajvoog purification thiab recrystallization. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los mus ua kom nws txawm ntau concentrated. Tom qab nws xa mus rau cov xovxwm, uas tsim khoom tuav, phua rau hauv daim. Cov xim thiab ci ntawm qab zib nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau dawb nrog ib tug xiavlus tinge tau, tsis muaj impurities, tab sis ib txhia tej qauv yog tsis nyob ntawm no. Saj thiab tsis hnov tsw yuav tsum kuj yuav dawb ntawm impurities, cia li qab zib.

maple qab zib

Dhau li ntawm tus zoo-paub ntau yam, muaj ntau ntau uas yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov qab zib maple. Nws ntau lawm pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj Canada. Raw cov ntaub ntawv rau nws yog lub kua txiv ntawm lub qab zib maple. Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj thiab lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm tsob ntoo no yeej yog drilled rau zus tau tej cov kua, uas pib ntws tawm ntawm lub qhov. Nws comprises mus txog 3% ntawm qab zib. streaming txheej txheem ntxiv rau ob peb lub lis piam, uas tso cai rau koj mus ua ib tug ncaj loj npaum li cas ntawm kua txiv yuav tsum tau. Nws yog kho, namely evaporation, li no muab "maple phoov", thiab twb los ntawm nws extract qhov kawg khoom. Ib tsob ntoo ib lub xyoo yuav coj 3 mus rau 6 phaus ntawm qab zib.

Cov neeg nyob hauv zos tau ntev dhau rau no qab zib, tsis nco qab txog txawv teb chaws xaiv. Qhov ntau li ntawd vim hais tias nws yog ob peb lub sij hawm sweeter tshaj li niaj zaus. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov xim ntawm qab zib yuav tsum tau, ces peb yuav tau hais qhov tseeb hais tias cov xim av, maple phoov vim hais tias nws muaj xws ntxoov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no qab zib yog heev pab tau, vim hais tias nws yog neeg nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov vitamins B

jaggery

Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Asia ua lwm hom suab thaj - xibtes los yog yagre. Ua li no, haum ntau hom ntawm xibtes ntoo. Hluas cobs flowering ntoo ua nqaij ntuag, ntawm uas ntws lub qab zib kua txiv. Feem ntau rau tej ntau lawm yog xaiv txiv maj phaub tsob ntoo, tab sis kuj yog ib tug zoo sau yuav sau los ntawm lub Arengo los yog xibtes ntoo. Ib xyoo nrog ib tug nroj tsuag Extract mus 250 kg ntawm kua txiv, cov sucrose concentration uas achieves 20%. Yog hais tias neeg ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm ua kom tu koj tsob ntoo, koj yuav tau siv nws rau ntau xyoo.

Ib yam li nyob rau hauv lwm yam technologies, nws yuav siv evaporation, tab sis nws yog ua li cas nyob rau hauv ib tug txiv maj phaub plhaub uas muab cov khoom ib tug semicircular zoo. Siv nws rau ib tug ntau dua raws li los ntawm cov producers lawv tus kheej, uas yog hais tias lub zos. Yog hais tias xav, yog xim dab tsi yog qhov qab zib rho nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, peb yuav teb hais tias xim av. Yog hais tias koj ntxiv rau tshuaj yej los yog kasfes, nws yuav ua kom ib tug haus dej xwb tsis qab zib, tab sis kuj muab nws ib tug unrivaled tsw.

sorghum qab zib

Twb tau nyob rau ancient Tuam Tshoj, muaj yog ib tug xyaum los ua ib sweetener los ntawm sorghum. Thaum lub sij hawm lub American Civil War hais sim cov mov ntawm pas nrig qab zib nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb lub xeev. Qhov no tau coj mus rau kis ntawm lwm yam, namely sorghum. Tab sis tom qab no cov txheej xwm, cov ntau lawm tsis tau tsim, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm raw khoom yog ib tsob nroj heev seeb. Ib tug muaj teeb meem yog hais tias lub resulting kua txiv yog nplua nuj tsis tau tsuas yog sucrose tab sis kuj ntau mineral ntsev, uas inhibit qhov kev tsim ntawm ntshiab muaju. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg qhuav kav feem ntau ntawm cov xyoo, sorghum yuav ua tau ib tug heev tsim nyog hloov rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm qab zib. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim hais tias cov tshwj xeeb machinery los yog cov khoom yuav tsis tau rau nws sau qoob. Nyob rau hauv txee ntawm lub khw, cov khoom no yog heev yooj yim mus nrhiav tau, tab sis peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias qab zib yuav tsum tau amber xim. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov phoov.

Yog li, qab zib - ib yam khoom uas yog nrees nyob rau hauv peb lub neej. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim los mus txiav txim nws zoo, cov kws txawj xyuam xim rau tej yam tseem ceeb raws li saj, zoo lawm, tsis hnov tsw thiab xim ntawm lub qab zib. Photo nws ntau yam ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau nplooj ntawv txog kev noj haus txhua hnub. Qhov no yuav pab koj xaiv ib tug zoo dua cov khoom. Koj yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias cov xim ntawm lub ntsev thiab suab thaj yog sib txawv heev: ntshiab dawb ntsev, thiab piam thaj yuav muaj ib tug ntxoov ntxoo ntawm daj los yog txawm yuav xim av, nyob ntawm seb lub hom.