Chloroplast - ib tug ntsuab cell organelle

Chloroplast - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm mus tas li cell organelles. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov txheej txheem ntawm planetary tseem ceeb - photosynthesis.

Zuag qhia tag nrho cov qauv ntawm txoj kev npaj dvuhmembrannyh organelles

Txhua organelle muaj ib tug saum npoo apparatus thiab Internal cov ntsiab lus. Chloroplasts thiab mitochondria yog lug ntawm prokaryotic cell - kab mob nrog nucleus. Nplaim cov organelles apparatus muaj ob week sib cais los ntawm ib qhov chaw. Spatially thiab anatomically lawv tsis txuas mus rau lwm cov yam ntxwv qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb thiab muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub zog metabolism. Mitochondria yog organelles ntau hom ntawm fungi, cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj. Lawv pab rau ATP synthesis - ib yam khoom uas uas yog ib tug zoo ntawm lub zog cia hlwb. Chloroplast - nws kuj dvuhmembrannaya organelle, uas belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm plastids.

Ib tug ntau yam ntawm plastid

Nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas muaj sia nyob muaj peb hom ntawm plastids. Nws yog chloroplasts, chromoplasts thiab leucoplasts. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv cov xim, cov yam ntxwv nta thiab zog. Chloroplast - ib tug plastid ntsuab, muaj chlorophyll xim. Txawm hais tias nws yog feem ntau vim lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm yam dyes, lawv yuav ua tau xim av, thiab xim liab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm tes algae. Ib txhij chromoplasts yeej ib txwm tsis muaj kob. Lawv lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi - yog lub cia ntawm cov as-ham. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qos yaj ywm tubers muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Chromoplasts - plastids yog muaj carotenoid pigments. Lawv muab cov xim rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Luj lug dawb lias hauv paus hniav ntawm carrots thiab beets, paj nplaim yog ib tug tawm piv txwv ntawm no.

Plastids yuav hloov. Thaum chiv thawj lawv tshwm sim los ntawm lub hlwb kev kawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas yog me hlwv surrounded los ntawm ob week. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hnub ci zog yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv chloroplasts. Cov laus, cov nplooj thiab stems ntawm lub chlorophyll pib mus ua txhaum down. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ntsuab plastids yog hloov mus rau hauv chromoplasts.

Cia peb muab ib tug ob peb ntau cov piv txwv. Sawv daws pom tias nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg yoojyim hloov xim. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov chloroplasts yog hloov mus rau hauv liab, daj, bardovye plastids. Cov tib transformation tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm qos tubers tig ntsuab: nyob rau hauv leucoplasts pib tsim chlorophyll. Cov theem kawg ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub plastids yog chromoplasts raws li lawv tsis tsim lwm yam uas zoo sib xws lug.

Yuav ua li cas yog pigments?

Xim, muaj nuj nqi thiab cov qauv ntawm cov chloroplast vim lub xub ntiag ntawm tej yam tshuaj - pigments. Los ntawm qhov lawv yog organic tebchaw, coloring ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Chlorophylls yog cov feem ntau ntawm lawv. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm algae thiab ntau dua cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, carotenoids yog feem ntau kuj pom. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau zoo-paub nyob yam. Nyob rau hauv kev, tag nrho cov nroj tsuag, ib co hom kab mob, kab, ntses thiab noog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muab cov xim rau cov ntau yam lub cev, carotenoids yog lub ntsiab muag pom pigments, muab ib tug yeeb yam thiab xim xaav.

Tus qauv ntawm daim nyias nyias

Tsob nroj chloroplasts muaj ib tug muab ob npaug rau daim nyias nyias. Ntxiv mus, ib tug tus sab nraum. Ib tug nrog ntaub ntawv excrescences. Lawv qhia rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm chloroplast, hu ua lub stroma. Txij li thaum lub puab membrane ua txhua yam lug thiab tshwj xeeb - thylakoids. Dig muag, lawv yog ca odnomembrannye tank. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau singly los yog tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv sib tsub sib nias ntawm 5-20 daim. Lawv hu ua grana. Pov tseg rau lug thylakoid pigments. Lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav yog cov chlorophylls thiab carotenoids ua tau ib tug yuav txhawb tau lub luag hauj lwm. Lawv yog cov tsim nyog rau photosynthesis. Lub stroma kuj muaj ib tug qauv ntawm DNA thiab RNA, pob kws starch thiab cov ribosome.

Lub zog ntawm chloroplasts

Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm ntsuab plastids - synthesis ntawm cov organic tshuaj los ntawm inorganic vim mus rau lub teeb lub zog. Nws khoom no yog ib tug polysaccharide ntawm piam thaj thiab oxygen. Qhov no tsis muaj roj ua tsis taus pa ce ntawm tag nrho quavntsej rau lub ntiaj teb tias nws yuav tsis yooj yim sua. Qhov no txhais tau tias photosynthesis yog ib tug vitally ceeb ntawm planetary tseem ceeb.

Tus qauv ntawm lub chloroplast tau nyob rau hauv nws lwm yam kev khiav dej num. Nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm ib tug plastid tshwm sim ATP synthesis. Tus nqi ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog lus dag nyob rau hauv lub tsub zuj zuj thiab cia ntawm ib qhov nqi ntawm lub zog. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tshwm sim ntawm dej siab tej yam kev mob: lub xub ntiag ntawm txaus dej, hnub ci zog zaub mov. Thaum lub sij hawm lub chav kawm ntawm lub tseem ceeb heev kev ntawm cov ATP yog cleaved tso tawm ib qhov nqi ntawm lub zog. Nws yog noj thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, lub zog, tu tub tu kiv, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb heev muaj dab. chloroplast zog kuj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm cov plastids yog tsim lipids, membrane cov nqaijrog thiab enzymes muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv photosynthesis.

Lub ntsiab lus photosynthesis

Chloroplast - ib qhov txuas ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov ib puag ncig. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm photosynthesis tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov pa, tab sis lub voj voog ntawm cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv cov xwm, hydrogen, tswj ib tug tas mus li muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cua. Qhov no txoj kev txwv cov concentration ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, li no tiv thaiv lub tsev cog khoom nyhuv, overheating ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto, thiab txoj kev tuag ntawm muaj ntau yam nyob beings rau lub ntiaj chaw. Plastids chloroplasts, uas yog organelles ntawm hlwb nqa tawm ib qho tseem ceeb functions, txiav txim lub hav zoov ntawm lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb.