Tsim, Science
Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Luv luv biography Butlerova AM
Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov phau ntawv ntawm Science News for KIDS - tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab chemist, qhov tus tsim ntawm scientific lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov organic Science News for KIDS, qhov tus tsim ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov organic tebchaw, kwv yees thiab piav qhia isomerism loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov organic tebchaw thiab tsim ib co ntawm lawv (methenamine, formaldehyde polymer thiab PR.). Tsis tas li ntawd, Alexander, uas nws pab mus rau science qhuas D. I. Mendeleev, sau tej hauj lwm rau beekeeping thiab ua liaj ua teb.
Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: ib tug luv luv biography
Lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog yug Cuaj hlis 15, 1828 nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm cov qub tub rog, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, tus tswv tsev. Nws txiv Mikhail twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub 1812 tsov ua rog, thiab tom qab lub resignation ntawm nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub koob yawm txwv lub zos Butlerovka. Niam, Sophia Alexandrovna, tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 19, tam sim ntawd tom qab yug tus me nyuam. Nws tseem yog menyuam yaus siv nyob rau hauv Butlerovke Alexander thiab yawg tus qub txeeg qub tes - lub zos Podlesnaya Shantala, qhov twg cov phauj nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv. Thaum 10 xyoo me nyuam tub twb raug xa mus rau ib tug private nce tsev kawm ntawv, qhov uas nws tau mastered Fabkis thiab German. Nyob rau hauv 1842, tom qab ib tug txaus ntshai hluav taws kub nyob rau hauv Kazan, lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib kaw, thiab Sasha pauv mus rau lub 1 st Kazan chav xyaum tes taw. sau kab thiab nroj tsuag, xav xav nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS thiab nqa tawm nws thawj thwmsim nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv Butlerov. Cov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib tug tawg, thiab lub txim rau nws ua dab tsi rau Alexander - lub xaus nyob rau hauv lub thawv txias nrog ib tug quav hniav nyob rau nws lub hauv siab, "tus poj chemist."
tub ntxhais kawm ntawv xyoo
Nyob rau hauv 1844, Butlerov A. M., uas nws biography yog permeated nrog txoj kev hlub rau Science News for KIDS, los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kazan, uas yog ces qhov chaw ntawm lub natural kev tshawb fawb. Thaum xub thawj, cov me nyuam tub twb nqa los ntawm kev kawm txog tsiaj txhu thiab botany, tab sis, ces nws tus paj laum nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lectures KK Klaus thiab N. N. Zinina kis mus rau Science News for KIDS. Nyob rau lawv cov tswv yim rau cov neeg koom haum, ib lub tsev kuaj, tab sis lub ntsiab ntawm cov tswv, tej zaum vim hais tias Zinin tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, muaj butterflies.
Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1849 Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, uas tau thov N. I. Lobachevsky thiab K. K. Klaus, nws mob siab rau nws tus kheej los qhia thiab lecturing rau lub cev geography, physics thiab Science News for KIDS. Thiab Alexander yog ib qho zoo heev orator, yuav kiag li tuav cov neeg tuaj saib lub mloog ua tsaug rau cov clarity thiab rigor. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub lectures ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Butlerov lectured laj mej pej xeem muaj. Cov ua yeeb yam Kazan cov neeg tuaj saib tej zaum xav fashionable theatrical productions. Tau txais ib tug master degree nyob rau hauv 1851, tib lub xyoo nws yuav Nadezhda Mikhailovna Glumilino - tus muam tus ntxhais Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova. Nws tiv thaiv nws doctoral thesis nyob rau hauv 3 xyoo nyob rau hauv Moscow State University rau hauv lub ntsiab "Nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb roj." Tom qab hais tias nws tau raug xaiv los nyob rau hauv lub extraordinary Kazan University, ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab ib tug tag nrho cov xib fwb ntawm Science News for KIDS. Los ntawm 1860 mus 1863 tawm tsam nws yuav muab ob npaug rau Acting Rector, lub principalship muaj ib tug es tsis yooj yim lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv: Curtin pam tuag thiab bezdna unrest uas cuam tshuam cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab professorial qauv.
Txawv tebchaws mus cov teb chaws Europe
Alexander koom tes rau cov dej num ntawm lub Economic Society ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kazan, luam tawm cov khoom nyob rau ua liaj ua teb, botany thiab floriculture. Biography Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich muaj peb mus ncig ua si txawv teb chaws, cov thawj ntawm cov uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1857-1858 gg. Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij mus xyuas cov teb chaws Europe, qhov twg nws twb tau nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj kev lag luam thiab tau ntsib nrog rau cov tshuaj laboratories. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv Paris, nws ua hauj lwm rau yuav luag rau lub hlis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich mloog mus rau lub lectures ntawm muaj koob European minds li Becquerel, E. Mitscherlich, J. von Liebig, Bunsen RV, thiab ua rau cov acquaintance ntawm Friedrich Lub yim hli ntuj Kekule - German chemist.
Rau nws rov qab mus rau Kazan Butlerov AM, uas nws biography yog ntawm kev txaus siab tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tiam sis kuj txawv teb chaws, nws hloov dua siab tshiab lub tshuaj kuaj, thiab txuas ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm methyl pib los ntawm Wurtz. Nyob rau hauv 1858, tus paub txog sab ib txoj kev tshiab ntawm synthesizing methyl iodide, thiab nqa tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm uas muaj feem rau cov rov qab los ntawm nws cov derivatives. Nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm methylene diacetate yog formaldehyde polymer - saponification khoom ntawm tus yeeb tshuaj, kev soj ntsuam ntawm thwmsim rau uas yog tus hexamethylenetetramine thiab metileninat. Yog li, Butlerov thawj tag nrho synthesis ua qab zib.
Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: luv luv txog lub achievements ntawm tus paub txog
Nyob rau hauv 1861 Butlerov ua nyob rau hauv Speyer, thaum lub Congress of German kws kho mob thiab kws tshawb fawb, nrog rau cov lus qhuab qhia "Nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj qauv ntawm qhov teeb meem", uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv paub nrog rau lub xeev ntawm Science News for KIDS txawv teb chaws overpowering paj nyob rau hauv lub fundamentals ntawm Science News for KIDS los ntawm lub theoretical taw tes ntawm view thiab nws tus kheej thwmsim ua rau tag nrho cov kev ua si.
Tseem ceeb sib nrauj ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm Butlerov
Lavxias teb sab zaum sab lub kaw kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv thiab cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm complex organic tebchaw tshaj tau piav isomerism ntau yam ntawm lawv, nrog rau peb pentanes, ob isomeric butanes, ntau yam alcohols. Tsis tas li ntawd Butlerov kev tshawb xav ua rau nws tau mus twv seb tej zaum tshuaj kho mob thiab kev piav qhia txog lawv.
Yog li, nyob rau hauv nws lub hom phiaj ntawm Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov:
- tsom tsis ua hauj lwm muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm Science News for KIDS theories;
- Nws nyuab siab qhov overriding tseem ceeb ntawm lub atomic kev tshawb xav;
- txhais tshuaj qauv raws li lub tsev ntawm rog affinity teej tug atoms, uas atoms influencing (ncaj qha los yog kov) rau txhua tus lwm yam, muaj kev cob cog rau lub hom tshuaj lom neeg;
- 8 tiam cai hais tseg tshuaj tebchaw;
- thawj them xim rau qhov txawv ntawm qhov reactivities ntawm txawv tebchaw, vim lub sab los yog ntau dua lub zog uas lub atoms yog kev cob cog rua, raws li zoo raws li ib feem los sis tag nrho cov expenditure affinity units nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua bonds.
Kev kho Lavxias teb sab chemist
Biography Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha luv luv piav nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, nrog rau cov hnub ntawm nws lub neej thiab qhov loj tshaj ua tau nyob rau hauv science. Nyob rau account ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm thwmsim tsim kom paub meej tias nws lub hom phiaj. Tus paub txog, pre-tsim, qhia nyob rau hauv 1864, tus qauv ntawm tertiary butyl cawv nyob rau hauv 1866 - isobutane, nyob rau hauv 1867 - isobutylene. Tsis tas li ntawd kawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov qauv ntawm ethylene thiab cov pa roj carbon ua lawv polymerization.
Nyob rau hauv 1867-1868 gg. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog txoj kev txaus siab ntawm zaum nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nws raug tsa xib fwb ntawm Science News for KIDS ntawm St. Petersburg University. Cuag nws pab neeg ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj, Mendeleev hais txog originality Butlerov qhia, tsis yog ib qho extension ntawm lwm tus neeg txoj hauj lwm, tab sis yog nws tus kheej.
Nyob rau hauv 1869 Butlerov thaum kawg tsawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, qhov uas nws tau raug xaiv los extraordinary, thiab ces zoo tib yam academician ntawm lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences. Lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog heev kom nquag plias: cov xibfwb hais ntxiv nws thwmsim, zoo nyob kev tshawb xav ntawm tshuaj qauv, mus koom nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej.
Kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib tus paub txog
Nyob rau hauv 1873, nws tau pib kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS , thiab tau lectured ntawm cov ntawv no. Kuv sau tau cov thawj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm scientific kev tswj, raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm tshuaj qauv - "Introduction to tag txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov organic Science News for KIDS." Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov yog tus founder ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab chemists, hu ua tsis "Butlerov tsev kawm ntawv." Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Science News for KIDS nquag xav nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog xav nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm tus tshuaj yej nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, teb thiab beekeeping. Nws phau ntawv "Yuav ua li cas mus tsav lub muv" thiab "Bee, nws lub neej thiab lub ntsiab cai ntawm paub tab paub xav muv" pheej republished, thiab cov magazine "Lavxias teb sab beekeeping ntawv" raws li nws tau nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1886.
Nyob rau hauv 1880-1883 gg. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, ib tug luv luv biography uas ciaj nrog nthuav thiab tseem ceeb discoveries rau science, yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Physico-kev zej zog. Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm, tus paub txog heev npaum li cas xav nyob rau hauv spiritualism, uas nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv Aksakov lub qub txeeg qub tes nyob rau hauv 1854. Tom qab ntawd, Lavxias teb sab chemist zoo txuam nrog nws tus poj niam nkauj muam nraug nus Aksakovym A. N., luam tawm los ntawm lub Journal ntawm spiritualism "Psychical tshawb fawb" thiab hotly defended ua ntej foom phem rau nws paub thiab cov phooj ywg nws mob siab rau.
Tus nqi ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS
Lub tsum ntawm Alexander yuav tsum tau tawm nyob rau hauv 1875, tom qab 25 xyoo ntawm kev pab cuam. Council ntawm St. Petersburg University tsiv tawm ob zaug no lub sij hawm ntawm 5 xyoos. Qhov kawg qhuab qhia Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Butlerova twb muaj peb hlis ntuj 14, 1885. Nws noj qab haus huv ua tsis tau tejyam, undermined los ntawm khaus scientific ua hauj lwm thiab kev ua si: tag nrho cov ntawm ib tug Sudden Butlerof tuag nyob rau hauv lub qub txeeg qub tes ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 5, 1886. Scholar faus nyob rau hauv lub zos toj ntxas haiv neeg Butlerovki, tam sim no defunct, nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg lub tsev teev ntuj.
Butlerova ua hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej tau txais thoob ntiaj teb paub, nws scientific lub tsev kawm ntawv yog xam tau tias yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Science News for KIDS nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab cov biography Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha yog txoj kev txaus siab ntawm kws tshawb fawb thiab menyuam kawm ntawv. Alexander tus kheej yog heev charming thiab ntau yam txiv neej nrog ib tug sociable, qhib-minded, zoo-natured thiab condescending yam ntxwv rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
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