Atomic oxygen: pab tau zog. Yuav ua li cas yog atomic oxygen?

Xav txog tej yam ib tug priceless painting uas tau txom nyem los ntawm ib tug raug kub. Zoo nkauj xim painstakingly thov nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov xim, tau zoo nyob rau hauv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm dub muaj hmoov quav. Nws yuav zoo li, irretrievably poob masterpiece.

scientific khawv koob

Tab sis ua tsis tag kev cia siab. Painting yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus chamber li uas tshuaj tsim ib tug haib pom, hu ua atomic oxygen. Tsis pub dhau ob peb teev los yog hnub, maj mam tab sis muaj tseeb tua nplooj thiab cov xim pib rov tshwm dua. Them nrog ib lub tshiab txheej ntawm pob tshab cov kua roj vanish, lub painting rov qab mus rau nws qub hwjchim ci ntsa iab.

Nws yuav zoo li uas nws yog khawv koob, tab sis nws yog ib tug science. Cov kev, tsim los ntawm zaum ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb center Glennovskom (GIZ) NASA siv atomic oxygen rau txoj kev txuag thiab kho tshiab ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, uas yuav txwv tsis pub yuav irreparably puas. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw no kuj tau kiag li sterilize phais kev cog hniav tsim los rau cov tib neeg lub cev, uas ho thiaj li txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm o. Rau cov neeg mob uas mob ntshav qab zib, nws yuav ua tau kom cov zib xyuas ntaus ntawv, rau cov uas tsuas ib feem ntawm cov ntshav yuav tsum tau rau kev soj ntsuam yav tas los yuav tsum tau hais tias cov neeg mob yuav tswj lawv tus mob. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yuav textured polymer nto rau zoo dua adhesion ntawm cov pob txha hlwb, uas yuav qhib li tshiab possibilities rau hauv cov tshuaj.

Thiab nws yog ib tug haib tshuaj yuav muab tau ncaj qha los ntawm cov huab cua.

Atomic thiab molecular oxygen

Pa tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Cov pa roj uas peb ua pa hu ua O _2, uas yog, nws muaj ob atoms. Muaj atomic oxygen, cov mis uas - O (atom). Qhov thib peb daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj lub caij - O _3. Qhov no ozone, uas, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb sab sauv cua.

Atomic oxygen nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nto rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsis muaj nyob. Nws muaj ib tug tsis tshua muaj neeg siab reactivity. Piv txwv li, atomic rau oxygen hauv dej ntaub ntawv hydrogen peroxide. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, qhov chaw uas muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob, cov O ₂ molecule yog yooj yim dua lawm tsim atomic daim ntawv. Cov huab cua nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb orbit ntawm 96% muaj atomic oxygen. Thaum qhov kaj ntug ntawm qhov chaw shuttle lub hom phiaj los ntawm NASA nws muaj ua rau cov teeb meem.

Raug mob mus rau qhov zoo

Raws li Bruce ntug dej, ib tug senior physics "Alfaporta" koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov chaw puag ncig ntawm lub ceg Glennovskogo chaw, tom qab thawj ob peb flights ntawm qhov chaw shuttle ntaub ntawv ntawm nws txoj siv ntsia raws li yog hais tias lawv tau them nrog te (lawv twb raug mus rau mob hnyav yaig thiab texturing). Atomic oxygen reacts nrog cov ntaub ntawv organic cladding spacecraft maj ua lawv.

GIZ mus soj ntsuam cov ua ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, soj ntsuam tsis tau tsuas tsim txoj kev tiv thaiv spacecraft los ntawm atomic oxygen, lawv kuj nrhiav tau ib txoj kev uas yuav siv lub peev xwm puas hwj chim ntawm no tshuaj caij rau kev txhim kho lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb.

Yaig nyob rau hauv qhov chaw

Thaum lub spacecraft yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb orbit (uas yog tso tawm kom pom thiab nyob qhov twg manned tsheb raws li ISS), atomic oxygen tsim los ntawm cov residual cua, muaj peev xwm hnov mob nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm lub spacecraft, xwv kom lawv ua puas. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob chaw nres tsheb, fais tshuab tau kev txhawj xeeb uas lub hnub ci roj teeb ntsiab tsim los ntawm polymers yauv sai degradation vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug active oxidizer.

saj zawg zog iav

NASA tau pom ib tug tov. Ib pab neeg zaum los ntawm Glennovskogo tshawb fawb Center tau tsim ib tug nyias zaj duab xis-txheej rau solar panels uas impervious mus rau lub kev txiav txim ntawm kev txhoj puab heev lub caij. Silica los yog iav, yog twb oxidized, ces nws yuav tsis yuav puas ntsoog los ntawm atomic oxygen. Soj ntsuam tau tsim ib tug txheej ntawm pob tshab silica iav, yog li ntawd nyias hais tias nws yog saj zawg zog. Qhov no tiv thaiv txheej yog nrees adhered mus rau lub cob vaj huam sib luag thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm yaig, tsis muaj impairing yam ntawm nws thermal zog. Kev pab them nqi yog tseem ntse tiv thaiv lub hnub ci panels ntawm lub International chaw chaw nres tsheb, thiab muaj kuj tau siv los tiv thaiv lub photovoltaic chaw nres tsheb "Mir".

Raws li ntug dej, solar panels ntse dhau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Harnessing lub hwj chim ntawm

Tom qab koj siv pua pua ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas uas yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm coatings resistant rau atomic oxygen, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm zaum los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb Center Glennovskogo tau kev nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj. Kws txawj pom tau siv lwm yam kev txhoj puab heev hais.

Raws li ntug dej, cov pab pawg neeg pib paub txog qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus nto Science News for KIDS ntawm lub yaig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organic. Thaj chaw ntawm atomic pa xws li hais tias nws yog muaj peev xwm mus tshem tawm tej organics, hydrocarbon, uas yog tsis tsuas hnov mob rau cov pa tshuaj.

Soj ntsuam tau pom muaj ntau txoj kev siv nws. Lawv kawm tau hais tias lub atomic oxygen puv lub silicone nto rau hauv lub khob, uas muaj peev xwm yuav pab tau yog tias koj tsim Cheebtsam nrog ib tug hermetic foob yog tsis muaj lawv raws li txhua lwm yam. Qhov no tus txheej txheem no yog tsim los rau kev sib khi hauv lub International chaw chaw nres tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus zaum pom hais tias lub atomic oxygen yuav restore thiab tswj kom lub puas ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, los txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm aircraft, raws li zoo raws li tau txais txiaj ntsim neeg raws li nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm biomedical daim ntaub ntawv.

Cov koob yees duab thiab portable ntaus ntawv

Muaj ntau txoj kev ntawm lub hwj ntawm atomic oxygen rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cov feem ntau siv lub tshuab nqus tsev lag. Lawv loj mas nws txawv ntawm khau thawv ua ntej installation 1.2 x 1.8 x 0.9 m. Los ntawm kev siv microwave los yog xov tooj cua zaus tawg ₂ O molecules yog lawm lub xeev ntawm atomic oxygen. Lub chamber twb muab tso rau ib tug qauv ntawm cov polymer yaig tus nqi uas qhia lub concentration ntawm cov active tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev.

Lwm txoj kev uas tso npe thov ib yam khoom uas yog ib tug portable ntaus ntawv uas tso cai rau los qhia kom tus nqaim kwj ntawm cov oxidant rau ib tug lub hom phiaj. Yuav ua li khiav roj teeb muaj peev xwm ntawm yuav tsum vov ib tug loj cheeb tsam ntawm lub kho nto.

Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ib tug zuj zus tooj ntawm industries yog xav nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm atomic oxygen. NASA tau npaj ntau yam ntawm kev sib koom tes, ob leeg pheej hmmo ua mus thiab subsidiaries, uas nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob tau ua muaj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv ntau yam ua lag ua luam chaw.

Atomic oxygen mus rau lub cev

Kev tshawb fawb daim ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj lub caij yog tsis tas mus rau txheej chaw. Atomic oxygen, pab zog yog pom tau tias, tab sis lawv muaj ntau yuav tsum tau tshawb, nrhiav tau ntau cov kev kho mob daim ntaub ntawv.

Nws yog siv rau texturing qhov chaw ntawm polymers thiab ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm loj hlob ua ke nrog rau cov pob txha. Lub polymers feem ntau yog ua rau cov pob txha hlwb, tiam sis sib active caij generates kev ntxhib los mos-mus pab tau txoj adhesion. Qhov no ua rau yus mus rau lwm lub pab, uas coj cov atomic oxygen - kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub licas.

Qhov no oxidizer tej zaum kuj yuav siv los mus tshem tawm impurities los ntawm cov biologically active phais kev cog hniav. Txawm muaj cov tam sim no xyaum ntawm sterilizing qhov chaw ntawm kev cog hniav yuav tsis yooj yim rau tag nrho cov tshem tawm ib co kua nplaum ntawm cov kab mob hlwb, hu ua endotoxins. Cov organic tshuaj, tiam sis tsis ciaj sia, li ntawd, lub kom tsis muaj menyuam yog tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm lawv. Endotoxins yuav ua rau o ntawm lub post-implantation, uas yog ib tug loj ua ntawm kev mob thiab tej zaum teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas tsim muab cog.

Atomic oxygen, pab zog uas ua rau nws tau los ntxuav lub prosthesis thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organic, zoo heev txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm post-operative o. Qhov no leads mus rau ib txoj kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab yuav txo tau qhov mob nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob.

Koom Haum Niam rau diabetics

Lub tshuab kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub sensors ntawm piam thaj thiab lwm yam kev kho mob thiab lom saib. Lawv siv acrylic kho qhov muag fibers, textured atomic oxygen. Qhov no kev kho mob pub rau cov fibers lim tawm cov ntshav liab, tas cov ntshiab zoo tshaj kev sib cuag nrog cov tivthaiv tshuaj tsoov saib.

Raws li Miller, Sharon, ib tug hluav taws xob engineer nyob rau Department ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig thiab thwmsim Glennovskogo NASA kev tshawb fawb center, nws yuav ua rau lub xeem ntau yog, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm los ntsuas cov ntshav qab zib xeem yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau me me volume ntawm cov ntshav. Koj yuav tau txais ib koob tshuaj txhaj yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cev thiab kom tau ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm cov ntshav los mus txiav txim rau cov theem ntawm qab zib.

Lwm txoj kev tau atomic oxygen - hydrogen peroxide. Nws yog ib tug ntau npaum li cas haib oxidizer tshaj molecular. Qhov no yog vim qhov yooj yim uas decomposes peroxide. Atomic oxygen tsim los ntawm no, hauj lwm ntau npaum li cas nquag molecular. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los thiab cov tswv yim rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hydrogen peroxide: kev puas tsuaj ntawm molecules ntawm dyes thiab microorganisms.

restoration

Thaum ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab uas muaj feem yuav irreversible kev puas tsuaj rau tshem tawm organic kab mob atomic oxygen tej zaum yuav siv tau, uas tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv lawm qauv. Cov txheej txheem tuskheej tag nrho cov organic khoom xws li carbon los yog soot, tiam sis feem ntau twb tsis muaj cov nyhuv rau cov xim muaj hlau. Pigments feem ntau muaj inorganic keeb kwm thiab yog twb oxidized, thiab qhov no txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsis puas oxygen. Organic dyes tej zaum kuj yuav muab nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev faj count tib lub sij hawm. Cov ntaub yog kev ruaj ntseg kiag, vim hais tias atomic oxygen yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv tauj nrog cov nto ntawm lub painting.

kos duab ua hauj lwm yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus chamber nyob rau hauv uas lub oxidant yog tsim. Nyob ntawm seb cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau hauv daim duab tej zaum yuav nyob twj ywm muaj rau 20 mus rau 400 lub sij hawm. Tshwj xeeb kev kho mob ntawm lub puas cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm restoration, nws kuj yuav siv tau ib tug kwj ntawm cov atomic oxygen. Eliminates qhov no yuav tsum tau muab cov artwork nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus chamber.

Muaj hmoov quav thiab mem pleev di ncauj - tsis muaj teeb meem

Puas, qhov thiab pawg ntseeg pib hu rau tus GIZ, txuag thiab restore lawv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Kev tshawb fawb Center tau pom lub peev xwm los muab lub puas painting ntawm Jackson Pollock, tshem tawm mem pleev di ncauj nrog paintings Endi Uorhola thiab txuag puas los ntawm haus luam yeeb canvas tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Stanislaus nyob rau hauv Cleveland. Team Glennovskogo tshawb fawb Center siv lub atomic pa mus rau restore lub fragment yog suav tias yog poob - centuries-laus Italian daim ntawv ntawm Raphael lub "Madonna ntawm lub rooj zaum", teej tug mus rau St. Alban lub Episcopal hauv lub Koom Txoos nyob rau hauv Cleveland ..

Raws li Ntug dej, qhov no tshuaj caij no zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv kos duab restoration nws ua haujlwm fine. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsis ib yam dab tsi koj yuav yuav nyob rau hauv ib lub raj mis, tab sis nws yog ntau npaum li cas zoo.

neej yav tom ntej kev tshawb fawb

NASA rau ib tug pluag hauv paus mus ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug neeg muaj feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub atomic oxygen. Glennovsky tshawb fawb Center ua hauj lwm pab tib neeg, uas nws muaj nuj nqi heev tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab tau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub tsev hluav taws kub, raws li tau zoo raws li corporations, nrhiav tau ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv no nyob rau hauv biomedical daim ntaub ntawv xws li LightPointe Medical ntawm Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Lub tuam txhab tau pom ntau yam kev siv ntawm atomic oxygen thiab yuav nrhiav tau txawm ntau.

Raws li ntug dej, muaj ntau unexplored chaw. Nws twb nrhiav tau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm daim ntaub ntawv rau qhov chaw technology, tiam sis tej zaum ntau ntau yog lurking nyob sab nraum qhov chaw technologies.

Space nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm tus txiv neej

Ib pab zaum vam mus txuas ntxiv mus tshawb txoj kev ntawm kev siv cov atomic oxygen, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg twb pom pheej. Muaj ntau technologies tau patented, thiab GIZ pab neeg vam tias cov tuam txhab yuav ntawv tso cai thiab commercialize ib co ntawm lawv, hais tias yuav coj txawm ntau tshaj cov kev pab cuam rau noob neej.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob, lub atomic oxygen yuav ua kev puas tsuaj. Tsaug rau NASA soj ntsuam, qhov no yam khoom uas yog tam sim no ua ib tug zoo pab rau qhov chaw tshawb kawm , thiab lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb. Seb nws yog ib lub preservation ntawm priceless tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab los yog ntawm cov neeg kho mob, atomic oxygen yog ib tug haib cuab tam. Ua hauj lwm nrog nws lub nqi zog ib hundredfold, thiab soj ntsuam cov tam sim ntawd pom.