Yuav ua li cas yog nuclear fusion?

Lub thermonuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - ib tug nuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub teeb nuclei ntws ntawm kub kub (siab tshaj 108 K). Yog li ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zog neutrons thiab photons qhia - lub teeb hais.

High kub, thiab thiaj li loj zog nuclei uas tsoo yuav tsum tau mus kov yeej lub electrostatic barrier. Qhov no teeb meem yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib nrig sib repulsion ntawm lub nuclei (raws li zoo li-them hais). Txwv tsis pub lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm mus tau ze rau ib tug deb txaus rau lub nuclear quab yuam (uas yog hais txog 10-12 cm).

Lub thermonuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tus tsim ntawm nuclei uas yog ntseeg tau ua ke mus rau txhua lwm yam, ntawm xoob me. Yuav luag tag nrho cov tshuaj yog tshuaj ntawm fusion (fusion) lighter nuclei nyob rau hauv hnyav.

Lub kinetic zog yuav tsum tau los mus kov yeej cov kev sib nrig sib repulsion yuav tsum tau nce nrog nce nyob rau hauv lub nuclear xwb. Yog li ntawd yooj yim kis fusion ntawm lub teeb nuclei muaj me me hluav taws xob xwb.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, cov fusion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tshwm sim xwb nyob rau hauv lub interiors ntawm cov hnub qub. Rau nws cov kev siv nyob rau hauv terrestrial tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau rhuab tshuaj nrog ib tug ntawm cov tau txoj kev:

• ib tug nuclear tawg;
• khaus beam ntawm bombardment hais;
• haib laser mem tes los yog cov roj tawm.

Thermonuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv ntawm cov hnub qub, ua ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm lub ntug. Firstly, los ntawm lub hydrogen nuclei nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub yog tsim yav tom ntej cov tshuaj hais, thiab tib ob, ib tug lub zog qhov chaw lub hnub qub.

Lub thermonuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub hnub

Nyob rau lub hnub raws li cov thawj zog qhov protrude proton-proton cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev voj voog thaum plaub protons yug ib tug nucleus ntawm Helium. Lub zog uas yog tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm lub synthesis, yog nqa los ntawm txoj kev ua nuclei, neutron, neutrinos thiab quanta ntawm electromagnetic tawg. Kawm neutrinos los ntawm lub hnub kwj, zaum yuav txiav txim seb qhov xwm thiab intesnivnost nuclear tshua uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws cov centre.

Qhov nruab nrab kev siv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub hnub los ntawm earthly qauv yog negligible - tsuas yog 2 erg / s * g (1 gram ntawm hnub ci loj). Qhov no tus nqi yog npaum li cas me dua cov kev ceev electrowinning nyob rau hauv vivo thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem metabolism. Tsuas yog vim lub loj loj hnyav ntawm lub hnub (1033 g * 2) Lub hwj huam tas nrho faib los ntawm lawv yog ib tug zoo kawg li tus nqi raws li 4 * 1028 watts.

Vim lub loj loj luaj li cas thiab loj ntawm lub hnub thiab lwm yam hnub qub, thiab ntshav tuav teeb meem yog solved nyob rau hauv lub thermal rwb thaiv tsev yog tob: tshua tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kub cov tub ntxhais, thiab tshav kub hloov lwm lub tsev muaj tshwm sim nrog ib tug txias nto. Cia li kom cov hnub qub yuav ua tau lub zog li zoo nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug qeeb txheej txheem, raws li cov proton-proton voj voog. Nyob rau hauv terrestrial tej yam kev mob, xws tshua yog tsis tau.

Fusion zog - lub hauv paus rau yav tom ntej

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, nws yuav ua rau kev nkag siab rau thov kev pab thiab siv xwb qhov zoo tshaj fusion tshua - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub synthesis ntawm Helium thiab tritium nuclei Leiter. Tej tshua nyob hauv ib tug kuj loj scale yog tau kom deb li deb xwb nyob rau hauv lub xeem explosions ntawm hydrogen bombs. Txawm li cas los, lossi ua tag nrho cov tshiab uas nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zoo tsim ib lub thaj yeeb lub hwj chim. Pa nuclear fais fab siv cov hniav lwj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug thermonuclear zog kev koom tes synthesis. Nyob rau hauv no fusion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo dua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nuclear fission.

1. Thaum fusion tshua nws yog tau kom tsis txhob raug tus kab mob ntawm hluav taws xob raws li ib tug lub zog khoom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug "huv" lub zog ntawm lub teeb.

2. Los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm tau txais lub zog thermonuclear dab deb outperform pa nuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub reactors.

3. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nuclear fission, yuav tsum tau tas li xyuas ntawm lub neutron flux, los yog tej zaum yuav tsum tau ua raws los ntawm ib tug uncontrolled saw tshuaj tiv thaiv, tuag tib neeg. Rau fusion zog siv es tsis txhob ntawm lub high school kub neutron flux, txawm li cas los cov teeb meem ploj.

4. Cov roj rau thermonuclear tshua harmlessly, raws li txwv mus decomposition khoom roj uas nuclear reactors.

Tsis li ntawd, ntev dhau los, American zaum twb tau los ua ib tug ua hauj lwm qauv ntawm ib tug thermonuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas lub zog tso zis ntawm ib puas lub sij hawm lub zog. Nws yog ib tug zoo daim ntawv thov rau qhov ntxiv kev vam meej "taming" ntawm fusion zog.