Artist Alfons Muha. Creativity. Biography. yees duab

Alfons Muha - Czech neeg pleev kob, uas nws lub npe los ua ib lub cim ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm painting, zoo tsis paub hais tias nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Meanwhile, lub feemxyuam artist tau tshuav ib tug sib sib zog nqus cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab, los ntawm qhia nws tus kheej cim style, tseem bears lub npe "mucha style". Yuav ua li cas yog cov paub tsis meej thiab raug xwm txheej ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug naas ej artist? Qhov no yog peb tsab xov xwm.

biography

Alfons Muha yug nyob rau hauv 1860 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Ivancice (Moravia). Nws txiv yog ib tug lub tsev hais plaub official, thiab nws niam - tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug muaj nyiaj Miller. Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, cov me nyuam tub tsom lawv muaj tswv yim xav, fascinated los ntawm kev hu. Twb tau nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj hnub nyoog kuv pib mus rau kos, thiab tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm high school txiav txim siab mus rau hauv lub Prague Academy of Arts. Xeem nws ua tsis tau tejyam, li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau saib rau ib txoj hauj lwm. Cov txiv npaj nws tus tub ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub, thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm spare, Alfons Muha moonlights nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam. Nws sim nws txhais tes li ib tug actor, thiab ces decorator zog. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm uas muaj tswv yim wandering thiab searching rau nws tus kheej. Rau ib txhia lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm teev designer rau lub ua yeeb yam, thiab ces nws tau caw pleev xim ntawm cov phab ntsa Count Npib-Belhassen tsev fuabtais. Graf, uas siab kawg rau cov txuj ci ntawm cov artist pom zoo them rau nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov Academy of Arts nyob rau hauv Munich.

paub

Tom qab kev kawm Alfons Muha tsiv mus rau Paris. Tab sis los ntawm lub sij hawm uas nws patron tuag, thiab lub artist yog sab laug yam tsis muaj ib tug livelihood. Yuav kom ua li cas nws nyiam, yuav tsum kim xim tsev, txhuam thiab daim ntawv. Yuav kom pub lawv tus kheej, lub neej yav tom ntej celebrity yuam kom khwv tau ib tug nyob los ntawm kev ua banners, zog, caw thiab daim qhia hnub hli. Tab sis txoj hmoo dej siab rau ntse heev. Ib tug xws li nqi radically hloov lub neej ntawm Alfonso. Sara Bernar, nto moo actress, los sawv cev rau ib tug sau kev txiav txim Ya, xav nws raws li ib tug "Renaissance" chief decorator ntawm lub ua yeeb yam. Cov artist yuav instantly nto moo. Ntawm kev txiav txim rau zog thiab billboards rau ntau yam npas tsis thaws. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Alfons Muha pib sau thawj paintings thiab npaaj tus kheej miv nyob rau hauv Paris.

hlub

Tshiab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej yog txuam nrog rau Paris. Ntawm no, nyob rau lub teb chaws ua yeeb yam, Ya raws li ib tug hluas Czech poj niam, Mariey Hitilovoy. Ib tug hluas nkauj uas yog 20 xyoo yau, ntog hauv hlub nrog ib tug artist thiab nws npaj ib lub rooj sib tham nrog nws. Maria yuav Alphonse tshiab muse, lub thib ob kev hlub nyob rau hauv lub neej raws li nws nws tus kheej taw tes qhia tawm, tom qab lub teb. Nyob rau hauv 1906, tus tswv yuav txiv Mary. Tom qab ntawd lawv yug ob tug ntxhais thiab ib tug tub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, mucha tsiv mus rau lub teb chaws USA nyob rau hauv qhov caw ntawm lub American Society of Illustrators, qhov twg nws txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm kom txog thaum 1910. Ntawm no nws tau txais ob peb txiav txim rau portraits, raws li zoo raws li lecturing nyob New York University. Tab sis npau suav tsis tawm hauv lub teb ntawm cov artist, thiab nws tsis ntev rov qab mus rau lub Czech koom pheej.

Xeem tribute rau hauv lub teb

Tom qab rov qab mus Prague Alfons Muha, uas nws paintings paub tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no, pib nws feem ntau nquag ua hauj lwm. Nws thiaj li xeeb tub sau ntawv monumental canvases, uas depicts lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Slavic neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1928, tus sau xaus, "Slavic epic" thiab muab nws haiv neeg Prague. Cov tib lub sij hawm yog tus ua hauj lwm rau lub creation ntawm yoov official banknotes thiab nyiaj muas ntawm ywj siab Czechoslovakia. Tag nrho kuv lub neej Alphonse tsis tseg tsis txhob kawm thiab kev txhim kho nws artistic txuj ci.

tsis nco qab lawm ntse heev

Tom qab lub 30-ies ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim yoov pib lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab thaum pib ntawm lub 2nd ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog thiab nws tsis ua daim ntawv teev cov yeeb ncuab ntawm III Reich. Nws twb muab tso rau hauv lub tsev kaw neeg rau lub sijhawm twg los ntawm anti-Nazi dag thiab nationalist sentiment. Tom qab ib tug series ntawm arrests thiab interrogations nyob rau hauv 1939 Alphonse tuag ntawm mob ntsws nyob rau hauv 1939 ua ntej nws yuav luam tawm tsab nws memoirs. Mucha yog faus nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej nyob rau hauv lub Vyšehrad toj ntxas.

tsev neeg

Mucha tau nyob ntev thiab tsim lub neej, tawm hauv qab ib tug txawj ntse xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Maria, ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv thiab tus poj niam ntawm tus tswv, ciaj nws tus txiv los ntawm 20 xyoo. Jiri, cov artist tus tub, los ua ib tug zoo-paub journalist thiab tus ntxhais thiab cov xeeb ntxwv tau txais lub tswv tswv yim. Yog li ntawd, tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv Jarmila mucha, uas yog cov tseem ciaj sia, tau tsim ib qhov project rau cov creation ntawm cov hniav khoom raws li sketches los ntawm nws yawg.

creation

Alfons Muha, uas nws paintings tau ua nrov tsis tsuas yog nyob rau lub tsev tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, rau nws lub neej yog tau mus cuag stunning kev vam meej. Tom qab kev kawm nyob rau hauv Brno, thiab ces nyob rau hauv Munich thiab Paris, nws pib nws cov hauj lwm nrog cov neeg sau ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv zam cov phau ntawv Magazine. Kev koom tes nrog rau ntau cov nto moo cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab ntawv xov xwm, xws li "Cov neeg lub neej", "Le Figaro" thiab "Parisian lub neej", cov artist tsim nws tus kheej, cim style. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm thiab loj ua hauj lwm, xws li "Keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees". Tig nyob rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm lub Yoov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1893, thaum nws tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim los ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam "Renaissance" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv loj loj ntawm cov kev ua si "Zhismonda". Qhov kev nthuav qhia kawm Sara Bernar. Great actress twb fascinated los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws xav kom tau raws li tus kheej nrog rau tus neeg sau ntawm daim ntawv loj loj. Raws li nws tom qab hais Alphonse los ua cov thawj ntawm cov designer ntawm lub ua yeeb yam "Renaissance". Yog li ntawd Ya mam li nco dheev los ua ib qho ntawm feem nrov ntxias nyob rau hauv Paris. Nws pib sau cov nqi kho mob, zog, postcards. Nws paintings pib los decorate lub feem ntau fashionable cov khw nojmov thiab poj niam 'boudoirs. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, cov artist Alphonse mucha sau tus naas ej series "Caij" paintings, "hnub qub", "lub hli". Niaj hnub no, tus tswv tej hauj lwm no muaj nyob rau hauv collections ntawm puas nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab nyob rau hauv Prague muaj yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej mob siab nkaus rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm tus naas ej countryman.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws series ntawm paintings

Lub fly nyob rau hauv nws lub neej sau ob peb puas paintings thiab zog. Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm nyob ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw ntawm tus naas ej series "Caij", "Paj", "lub hli", "Gems", thiab nrov thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb no "Slav Epic". Xav txog lub keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv, feem ntau nto moo paintings ntawm tus sau.

"Slav Epic"

Qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej lub artist Alphonse mucha xeeb tub tsim ib tug series ntawm tej hauj lwm hais txog keeb kwm ntawm lub Slavic neeg. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv lub neej tswv yog mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv America, qhov twg nws yuam mus ua hauj lwm nyuaj, tsim zog thiab billboards. Tswv yim rau yav tom ntej paintings mucha sau thaum lub sij hawm nws mus nyob rau hauv lub Slavic lub teb chaws, nrog rau Russia. Ua hauj lwm rau lub "Epic" kav 20 xyoo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Alphonse sau 20 paintings ntsuas 6 los ntawm 8 meters. Cov paintings yog lawm ua tus sau nrog calmness, txawj ntse thiab sab ntsuj plig, mas suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Cov paintings qhia lub keeb kwm ntawm ob peb haiv neeg. Piv txwv li, lub chaw ua hauj lwm "Cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Grunwald" qhia rau peb hais txog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Lithuania thiab Poland, uas tau sawv sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov Crusaders. Ntawm no yog ib nyuag lus piav qhia txog ntawm cov duab. Alfons Muha muaj nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg yog tiag tiag keeb kwm cov txheej xwm uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub XIII xyoo pua nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog tag nrho ntawm kev tu siab thiab kev xav txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov Slavic neeg nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj lub sij hawm ntawm ntshav kev tsov kev rog. Nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm nws painting series "Tus Slav Epic" cov artist qhia kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kaj lug ntawm nws cov neeg. Qhov tseem zoo-paub nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm no series suav hais tias yog painting "Lub Apotheosis ntawm Slavic keeb kwm." Nyob rau canvas depicts cia li plaub lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Slavic kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm: lub ancient ntiaj teb no, cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim txom thiab ib tug ci yav tom ntej. Nyob hauv daim duab los twb paub lawm tag nrho cov kev txawj thiab kev txawj ntawm tus poj artist. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm creation Yoov - pab cov neeg to taub txhua lwm yam thiab ua los ze zog. Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm nws lub neej Alphonse hais ib tug tag nrho series ntawm cov duab ntawm nws tus hlub lub nroog ntawm Prague. Cov ua hauj lwm twb tiav nyob rau hauv 1928, tab sis txij thaum ntawd los nyob rau hauv Prague, tsis muaj chaw rau cov cia thiab zaub ntawm tej loj-scale paintings, "Slav Epic", thawj tshaaj ntawm lub Palace ntawm Fairs thiab tom qab tsov rog twb muab tso nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov Moravian castles. Nyob rau pej xeem cov zaub tom qab tsov rog, tej hauj lwm twb tshaaj xwb nyob rau hauv 1963. Yuav kom qhov no hnub twg, cov neeg nyob thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas yuav txaus siab rau lub txiaj ntsim no ib tug naas ej tswv, uas nws lub npe yog Alfons Muha.

"Caij"

Thaum kawg ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua artist yog nquag ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov duab rau Parisian zam magazine "Kokoriko". Nyob rau nws cov nplooj ntawv rau thawj lub sij hawm tshwm ib tug series ntawm paintings, gouache thiab xaum, hu ua "12 lub hlis". Ua hauj lwm yam txawv ntawm cov style thiab originality, nws cia li zoo li cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Cov nuj nqis sawv cev rau cov duab ntawm elegant cov poj niam uas bushy cov plaub hau thiab zoo nkauj daim duab. Tag nrho cov poj niam zoo txaus nyiam thiab thaum. Ib tug mysterious thiab graceful poj niam, raus nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv ntawm paj, yeej ib txwm xwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Duab framing exquisite floral designs, ua nyob rau hauv oriental style. Nyob rau hauv 1986, tus sau sau hniav panels "Lub Four Seasons" kom txuag tau tus duab los ntawm Vajtswv txoj beauties. Tam sim no ua hauj lwm yog ua li cas siv gouache thiab number case, tab sis cov style tseem zoo li qub. Duab tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv txwv series, tab sis sai sai muag. Panels sau rau ntawm hnyav daim ntawv los yog txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab dai nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev nyob, boudoirs thiab ntau yam hauv cov khw. Tag nrho cov nuj nqis yog cov sib txawv moods thiab xim, uas yog ua tib zoo xaiv Alfons Muha. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav, piv txwv li, xwm li nyob rau hauv pastel daj liab. Lub caij ntuj sov - ntawm ci ntsuab ntxoov, lub caij nplooj zeeg - nplua nuj txiv kab ntxwv, thiab lub caij ntuj no - txias-pob tshab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov paintings yog tag nrho ntawm lub nplhaib, rhiab thiab serenity.

zog

Nws thawj thawj daim ntawv loj loj artist xim nyob rau hauv 1882. Nws sai sai pom tau hais tias qhov no yog ib tug heev muaj txiaj ntsim ua lag ua luam. Yeej muaj tseeb, nws yog tsis paub hais tias yog hais tias tus artist tau txais kev txiav txim tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas. Nws pleev xim rau daim duab loj rau ntau yam theatrical productions. Tom qab lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm lub chaw (ua tsaug Sarah Bernhardt) yog ua ib tug ntawm cov uas lub ntxias ntawm lub Parisian advertising. Lub zog muaj kev cuam tshuam cov thawj "style mucha" (yog li lub npe xwb tom qab). Duab ntawm txawv saturation ntawm cov xim thiab cov ntsiab lus. Nws compositions, feem ntau yog depicting languid khoom kim heev ntawm cov ntxhais, pib raug muab luam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zog nyob rau hauv zam cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab ntawv xov xwm. "Cov poj niam Fly" (raws li lawv yog pib rau hu nyob rau hauv Paris) diverge txhiab ntawm cov ntawv luam nyob rau hauv cov zog, daim qhia hnub hli, ua si phaib, promotional ntawv. Cov artist tsim cov ntawv rau qhov yuam kev, tsheb kauj vab thiab champagne. Los ntawm cov zoo thiaj cia li tsis muaj teeb tawm, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm Paris paub uas yog Alfons Muha. Daim ntawv loj loj (piav qhia ntawm lub painting "Lub Four Seasons" twb hais saum toj no) yog tsim nyog mus saj tus thawj coj ntawm ib qho ntawm tus naas ej publishers "Champenois" thiab cov artist xaus lucrative ntawv cog lus nrog nws. Tom qab ntawd, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Amelikas no, tus tswv tseem ua hauj lwm rau ib tug series ntawm zog, ua haujlwm tau nyiaj nws tus npau suav "Slav Epic". Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, cov hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv yog replicated thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib tug fashionable kos duab zog.

Alfons mucha Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv Prague

Nws yog ib lub xwb official tsev cia puav pheej ntawm cov artist. Nws twb qhib nyob rau hauv 1998 los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus naas ej tswv. Yam nyob rau hauv lub halls, tham txog lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg txawj neeg pleev kob. Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav tau mus mucha tsev cia puav pheej, paub nrog ib tug series ntawm cov kos duab zog, tsim los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv hauv qhov kawg ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Cov hauj lwm muaj kev cuam tshuam lub elegance thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm tus poj niam cim, yog li nkawv artist. Ntawm no koj yuav saib tau lub npe nrov daim ntawv loj loj rau cov theatrical zus tau tej cov "Zhismonda" uas hloov lub neej ntawm ib tug ntse heev. Nws pib nrog rau qhov no tsuas yog "mucha style" hais tias distinguishes nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm tag nrho nws cov predecessors. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qhua yuav txaus siab rau tus ntsuj plig ntawm "rooj txhawb siab" ntawm lub Czech xeev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nyiaj muas thiab banknotes, uas tus designer nws tus kheej yog Alphonse. Tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej rau rau siab ua tus naas ej paintings "Slavic epic." Qhua yuav kawm thiab paub meej txog koj tus kheej lub neej ntawm tus neeg sau. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej nta duab ntawm cov qauv thiab cov phooj ywg ntawm tus poj artist, raws li zoo raws li sketches rau nws yav tom ntej tej hauj lwm.

xaus

Alfons Muha muab sawv mus rau ib tug tshiab style nyob rau hauv kos duab, ua ib tug qauv rau ntau yam zoo-paub ntxias ntawm lub XIX-XX centuries. "Style Yoov", kev paub qhia lo, soulful thiab yooj yim unsophisticated spectator, yog tseem nrov ntawm niaj hnub ntxias thiab designers. Ib tug yuav xav tias tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus sau, nws poignant kev hlub ntawm lub teb chaws thiab ib tug amazing kev txiav txim zoo ntawm kev zoo nkauj. Bold sensuality duab ntawm tus sau admires, fascinates thiab surprises leej twg ua tim khawv no cov cim thiab mysterious "mucha style". Tag nrho cov no ua rau cov creation mucha tseem ceeb milestone nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab.