Alkali hlau

Alkali hlau - francium, cesium, rubidium, poov tshuaj, sodium, lithium - thiaj hu ua vim hais tias ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias daim ntawv ntawm cov alkali los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej. Vim lub high school lub peev xwm los hnov mob cov ntsiab yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv ib lub txheej ntawm ntxhia roj los yog kerosene. Qhov tseem active ntawm cov tebchaw yog suav tias yog francium (yog tej).

Alkali hlau - tshuaj mos, silvery xim. Lawv freshly hlais nto muaj ib tug yam ntxwv ci. Alkali hlau yog melted thiab boil thaum uas tsis muaj kub, muaj siab thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Lawv kuj muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj kev ceev.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm alkali hlau

Tshuaj muaj zog kom txhob muaj kab mob, lub tebchaw muaj ib tug degree ntawm oxidation (cim) +1. Nrog lub nce nyob rau hauv atomic hnyav alkali hlau thiab muaj zog kom txhob muaj muaj peev xwm. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov tebchaw yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej, lawv yog ionic nyob rau hauv cov xwm.

Muaj mob loj tsawv cua kub alkali hlau zes nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Nyob rau hauv nrog cov hydrogen tsim ntsev zoo li tshuaj yeeb dej caw hydrides. Combustion cov khoom uas feem ntau peroxides.

Alkali hlau oxides yog daj khib nyiab (oxides ntawm rubidium thiab poov tshuaj), dawb (oxides ntawm sodium thiab lithium) thiab txiv kab ntxwv (cesium oxide) xim. Cov oxides muaj peev xwm ntawm reacting nrog dej, kua qaub, cov pa, acid thiab amphoteric oxides. Cov yooj yim yam ntxwv yog xam qhovkev rau tag nrho cov ntawm lawv thiab muaj ib tug qhia tau cim.

peroxides ntawm alkali hlau - hmoov daj-dawb xim. Lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm reacting nrog carbon dioxide thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide gases, acids, nonmetals, dej.

alkali hlau hydroxides yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej, dawb khib nyiab. Nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw muaj qhia (kaj txaus) yooj yim zog alkalis. Lithium bases rau Franz quab yuam thiab degree ntawm solubility nyob rau hauv dej nce. Hydroxides xam tau tias yog muaj zog txaus electrolytes. Lawv hnov mob nrog ntsev, amphoteric hydroxides thiab oxides, tej yam uas tsis yog-hlau, acid oxides. Tshwj compound nrog lithium so muaj thermal stability. Calcining lithium hydroxide yog nws decomposition rau hauv dej thiab lub oxide. Hais tias tebchaw yog tau los ntawm txoj kev electrolysis ntawm aqueous chloride kev daws teeb meem ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm metabolic tshua. Hydroxides npaj kuj los ntawm reacting Cheebtsam (los yog oxides) thiab dej.

Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsev piav co (tshwj tsis yog rau tej yam lithium ntsev) yog soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej zoo. Tsim los ntawm tsis muaj zog acids, saline daws teeb meem muaj ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab (alkaline) vim hydrolysis ntawm lub tsim ntsev raws li muaj zog acids uas yog tsis hydrolyzed. Common ntsev yog pob zeb (sodium) ntsev, ib tug silicate nplaum (dej iav), poov tshuaj nitrate, bertoletova ntsev, poov tshuaj permanganate, fwj dej qab zib, dej qab zib tshauv, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tag nrho cov alkali tebchaw muaj lub peev xwm mus hloov cov xim ntawm cov nplaim taws. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tsom xam. Yog li, nplaim taws carmine liab tsuas nrog lithium ions, nyob rau hauv violet - poov tshuaj ions nyob rau hauv daj - sodium whitish liab - rubidium, violet-liab - cesium.

Vim lub fact tias tag nrho cov alkaline hlwb yog cov feem ntau haib txo kab mob, lawv muaj peev xwm tau txais cov kev molten ntsev los ntawm electrolysis.

Siv alkali hlau

Lub ntsiab yog siv nyob rau hauv txawv spheres ntawm tib neeg kev ua si. Piv txwv li, cesium yog siv nyob rau hauv photoelectric hlwb. Cov kabmob hlau yog siv raws li catalyst lithium. Sodium yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov roj-paug teeb, nuclear reactors raws li ib tug coolant. Cov kev tshawb fawb kev ua si yog siv rubidium.