Alexander 1 Board

Kav ntawm Alexander 1 muaj nyob rau lub fateful xyoo rau tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe Napoleon tus tub rog campaigns. "Alexander" yog txhais raws li qhov "khiav", thiab tus huab tais tau tag nrho kev txaus cai nws zoo siab lub npe hais tias nws muab nws Crowned pog Catherine II.

Nyob rau hauv cia li ib tug ob peb lub hlis, kom txog thaum lub teeb ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais Alexander nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nws yog tus tshaj plaws disastrous dej nyab ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Cov dej sawv saum toj no peb meters. Alexander tus niam, tus poj niam uas huab tais Paul Petrovich yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas ntshai hais tias nws ntshai tsam tag nrho cov preterm yug me nyuam, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim. Alexander nws tus kheej pom 1 nyob rau hauv dej nyab ntawm 1777 ib tug kos npe rau uas tau muab rau nws tshaj ua ntej yug tus me nyuam.

Kev Kawm Ntawv ntawm lub txais mus rau lub Library muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws pog, Catherine II. Nws khaws nws tus kheej tus hlub tus tub xeeb ntxwv neeg saib xyuas, nws sau tshwj xeeb cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev tsim nyog rau kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm. Alexander tus txiv, Emperor Paul 1, kuj nrhiav kom tsa nws tus tub nyob rau nws nruj kev cai thiab demanded nruj kev mloog lus. Qhov no txheem ntawm nws txiv thiab nws pog tshuav ib qho indelible imprint rau lub cim ntawm cov hluas Alexander. Nws yog feem ntau thaum ib tug poob - leej twg nws mloog, yuav ua li cas coj. Qhov no qhov teeb meem no qhia rau yav tom ntej huab tais rau kev rho tawm thiab secrecy.

Lub ascent mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Alexander 1, vim lub tragic cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub palace. Nws txiv, Paul 1, twb strangled nyob rau hauv lub koom tes, cov uas Alexander yog cob. Cuaj kaum, cov xov xwm ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv Alexander coj luag mus tsaus muag. Ob peb hnub tom qab, nws yuav tsis tuaj mus rau lub neej thiab mloog thoob plaws hauv lub conspirators. Kav ntawm Alexander 1 pib nyob rau hauv 1801, thaum nws muaj 24 xyoo. So ntawm nws lub neej huab tais yuav raug kev txom nyem tu siab thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub neej txoj kev teeb meem saib txim rau complicity nyob rau hauv lub tua ntawm Paul 1.

Thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm Alexander 1 cim lub abolition ntawm lub qub kev cai thiab tej kev cai uas qhia nyob rau lub sij hawm, Paul. Tag nrho cov nobles raug xa rov qab disgraced cai thiab lub npe. Pov thawj raug tso tawm los ntawm nchav, Secret chaw ua hauj lwm thiab cov Secret ntoj ke mus kawm raug kaw, resumed tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg.

Alexander 1 txawm coj kev kho mob ntawm qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm kev txwv nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws uas tau pib nyob rau hauv Paul 1. Cov tub rog ntawm nyem tsa dawb wigs nrog braids thiab civil ibyam dua tau hnav tsho loj, tsho tiv no thiab puag ncig kaus mom.

Cov kev koom tes huab tais maj xa deb ntawm lub palace: ib co nyob rau hauv Siberia, ib co ntawm cov Caucasus.

Kav ntawm Alexander 1 pib nrog ib tug loj tsawv-mas kho, drafts uas tsim huab tais nws tus kheej thiab nws cov phooj ywg hluas: tub huabtais Kochubei Novosiltsev suav, suav Stroganov. "Committee of Public Safety," lawv hu ua cov kev ua ub. Burghers thiab tub txawj tub ntse raug tso cai rau tau txais uninhabited av, qhib Tsarskoye selo Lyceum, lub universities tau nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos ntawm Russia.

Alexander tus ze pab txij li thaum 1808 yuav State Secretary Speransky, uas kuj yog ib tug supporter ntawm active lub xeev kho. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo huab tais tsa Minister of War AA Arakcheev, ib tug qub protégé ntawm Paul 1. Nws ntseeg hais tias Arakcheev "loyal tsis tseeb ntxias", yog li tso siab tau rau muab kev txiav txim hais tias nws tau muab ua ntej.

Kav ntawm Alexander 1 tseem tsis tau aggressively reformist, yog li ntawd txawm los ntawm peb tes num Speransky xeev kho tau siv tsuas yog tus tshaj plaws "kev ruaj ntseg" yam khoom. Tshwj xeeb persistence thiab sib xws ntawm cov huab tais tsis qhia.

Nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws txoj cai, cov tib daim duab. Zog ntawm Guj kuj kos npe nyob kaj siab lug cog ncaj qha nrog Britain thiab Fabkis, ua rau maneuver nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1805, Alexander 1 twb yuam kom tuaj koom nrog lub Coalition tiv thaiv Fabkis, raws li yog lub caij pib cov kev hem thawj ntawm enslavement los ntawm Napoleon tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Hais tias tib lub xyoo, lub Allied rog (Austria, Zog ntawm Guj kuj thiab Prussia) raug kev txom nyem ib crushing yeej ntawm Austerlitz thiab Friedland, uas coj mus rau lub kos npe rau ntawm lub sib haum xeeb ntawm Tilsit nrog Napoleon.

Tab sis qhov no lub ntiaj teb no yog heev yooj yim, thiab ua ntej ntawm Russia yuav tsum tsov rog ntawm 1812, ib tug raug kub ntawm Moscow thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws climactic sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino. Fabkis yog raug ntiab tawm los ntawm Russia, thiab cov Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog kom kov nyob rau ntawm European lub teb chaws mus rau lub Paris. Alexander 1 tau destined los ua tus deliverer thiab coj lub European coalition tiv thaiv Fabkis.

Zenith ntawm koob meej Alexander los ua nws nkag teb chaws nrog rau cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kov yeej Paris. Nyob hauv zos, ua kom paub tseeb hais tias lawv lub zos yuav tsis tau hlawv nrog tej yam txaus siab thiab jubilation greeted lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Yog li ntawd, lub reign ntawm Alexander 1, muaj coob tus neeg nyob qib qub nrog cov fateful kov yeej Napoleon nyob rau hauv tsov rog ntawm 1812.

Thaum hais txog nrog Bonaparte, huab tais nres lub mas kho nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws. Speransky raug tshem tawm los ntawm tag nrho cov posts thiab xa mus rau hauv exile nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod. Tswv tsev dua tso cai rau arbitrarily exile serfs rau Siberia tsis muaj mus sib hais. Cov universities muaj tau ua tswvcuab los txwv lawv kev ywj pheej.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thiab Moscow pib los mus tsim cov kev cai dab qhuas-mystical lub koom haum. Masonic lodges, uas yog txwv Catherine II, tuaj mus rau lub neej dua. Kav ntawm Alexander 1 tau nkag mus rau rau hauv ib lub rut ntawm conservatism thiab mysticism.

Chairmanship ntawm lub Synod ntawm St. Petersburg muab lub Patriarch thiab Synod neeg tsa los ntawm huab tais nws tus kheej. Teb raws li Synod ua hauj lwm cov thawj ntawm cov prosecutor, ib tug ntawm Alexander 1, tub huabtais Golitsyn. Nyob rau hauv 1817 nws kuj mus rau hauv lub Ministry ntawm kev cai dab qhuas Affairs, tsim los ntawm txoj cai ntawm huab tais. Hnov qhov qab haiv neeg maj sau tag nrho cov poj mysticism thiab kev cai dab qhuas kev tsa nto. Heev heev seances, phau Vajlugkub Society, lub tsev teev ntuj nrog coj txawv txawv qhuas tau ua tus ntsuj plig ntawm heresy thiab ua rau ib tug loj kev hem thawj rau cov me nyuam yaus ntawm tus Orthodox txoj kev ntseeg.

Yog li ntawd, lub Koom Txoos tshaj tawm hais tias tsov rog nyob rau hauv mysticism. Nws coj ib tug zog monk Photius. Nws zoo raws li lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub Mystics, dab tsi phau ntawv uas lawv tsim dab tsi hauv cov nqe lus los ntawm lawv ib puag ncig. Nws laj mej pej xeem foom phem masons, hlawv lawv cov ntawv qhia. Lub Minister of War Arakcheyev txhawb cov Orthodox txiv plig nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus, yog li ib tug tag nrho siab Golitsyn yuav tsum tau resign. Tab sis lub suab ntawm mysticism nrees entrenched rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ua lawv tus kheej muaj cov Lavxias teb sab high zej zog.

Tus heev tib yam Alexander 1 nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nce pib mus xyuas monasteries thiab hais txog nws txoj kev xav tso. Tej denunciations ntawm conspiracies thiab tsis pub leejtwg paub societies tsis txhob kov nws ntxiv lawm. Tag nrho cov txheej xwm nws perceives raws li ib tug rau txim rau tus tuag ntawm nws txiv thiab nws rau nws extramarital affairs. Nws xav kom mus so num lawm thiab rau siab rau yav tom ntej lub neej ntawm txoj kev theej txhoj.

Board Alexander 1zavershilos nyob rau hauv 1825 - raws li cov ntaub ntawv nws tuag nyob rau hauv Taganrog, qhov uas nws tau ploj mus nrog nws tus poj niam mus kho. Huab tais tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw lub hleb. Ua timkhawv pom hais tias lub ntsej muag ntawm nws heev npaum li cas hloov. Raws li taug xaiv, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Taganrog, nws tuag courier, zoo heev nyob rau hauv tsos rau Alexander. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, muaj coob tus neeg ntseeg tau hais tias huab tais siv lub sij hawm mus rau tawm lub zwm txwv thiab mus taug. Zoo li nws los yog tsis - lub keeb kwm tseeb txog qhov no.

Cov qhabnias ntawm lub reign ntawm Alexander 1 yuav summed raws li nram no: nws yog heev inconsistent txoj cai, uas pib mas kho tau hloov los ntawm txhav conservatism. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Alexander 1 mus ib txhis nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm raws li lub liberator ntawm Russia thiab tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Nws twb Revered thiab qhuas, admired thiab praised, tab sis tus kheej lub siab yuav tsis cia nws so mus ib txhis.