Zinaida Serebryakov: biography thiab yees duab

Zinaida Serebryakova - Lavxias teb sab artist, uas ua nto moo nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua, nws tus kheej-portrait, tau nyob ntev thiab sij hawm uas tseem lub neej, ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov uas mus rau hauv exile nyob rau hauv Paris. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub wake ntawm tus nco Tretyakov Gallery exhibition ntawm nws chaw ua hauj lwm, kuv xav kom nco ntsoov thiab tham txog nws nyuaj lub neej, lub ce thiab downs ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm nws tsev neeg.

Zinaida Serebryakov: biography, thawj zoo nyob rau hauv painting

Nws yug los nyob rau hauv 1884 nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov artistic tsev neeg Benoit-Lancer, uas yog nto moo rau ob peb tiam ntawm sculptors, painters, architects thiab composers. Nws tseem yog menyuam yaus twb siv nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo kawg nkaus tswv yim cua nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm ib tug loj tsev neeg, ib ncig nws nrog rhiab thiab kev kho mob.

Cov tsev neeg nyob hauv St. Petersburg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov yog yeej ib txwm tsiv mus rau lub qub txeeg qub tes Neskuchnoye nyob ze Kharkov. Painting Zinaida Evgenevna Serebryakova kawm tus kheej thaum xub thawj ntawm Princess Tenishcheva nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ces nyob rau hauv portrait O. Braz. Tom qab ntawd, nws tseem nws kev kawm ntawv nyob rau Fabkis thiab Ltalis.

Rau nws rov qab los ntawm Paris, cov artist nkag mus rau hauv haiv neeg "Lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Art" theem ua ke ntxias ntawm cov sij hawm, tom qab hu ua cov nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog. Tus thawj zoo tuaj rau nws nyob rau hauv 1910, tom qab uas qhia nws tus kheej-portrait "Rau qhov mus tso quav tso" (1909), tam sim ntawd yuav P. Tretyakov rau lub gallery.

Daim duab no yog ib tug ntxhais hluas zoo nkauj uas sawv ua ntej rau hauv daim iav, koj ua qhov thaum sawv ntxov mus tso quav tso. Nws ob lub qhov muag saib kindly rau tus tuav sab los ntawm sab rau ib lub rooj nteg rau cov poj niam trivia: fwj naj hoom, hniav nyiaj hniav kub lub thawv, hlua caj dab, tsim nyog ib tug unlit tswm ciab. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, cov artist lub ntsej muag thiab ob lub qhov muag tseem tag nrho ntawm kev xyiv fab cov hluas thiab cov tiv tshav ntuj kub kaj qhia lub siab lub ntsws lub neej-lees cwj pwm.

Sib yuav thiab cov me nyuam

Nrog nws xaiv ib tug nws siv nws thaum yau thiab thaum tiav hluas, lossi sib txuas lus thiab Neskuchnii, thiab nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nrog nws tsev neeg Serebryakov cov txheeb ze. Boris Serebryakov yog nws nkauj muam nraug nus, lawv hlub txhua lwm yam thaum yau thiab ua npau suav uas tau sib yuav. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis ua hauj lwm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm vim hais tias ntawm tsis sib haum nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj zoo txog txij ua nkawm. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1905, tom qab qhov kev pom zoo nrog lub zos pov thawj (300 rubles) cov txheeb ze twb tau muab lawv ib tug kab tshoob.

Kev txaus siab newlyweds tau kiag li ntxeev: Boris twb npaj mus ua ib tug engineer ntawm railways, Kuv hlub tus uas muaj feem yuav, thiab txawm mus los xyaum nyob rau hauv Manchuria thaum lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov ua rog, thiab Zinaida Serebryakova yog fond ntawm painting. Txawm li cas los, lawv twb heev kev sib tw thiab muaj zog hlub kev sib raug zoo, npaj rau yav tom ntej lub neej ua ke.

Lawv lub neej ua ke pib nrog ib tug mus txawv tebchaws los Paris nyob rau hauv ntev ib xyoos, qhov twg cov artist mus kawm painting nyob rau Academy de la Grande Chaumiere thiab Boris kawm nyob rau tiav tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov txuas hniav thiab txoj kev.

Rov qab mus rau Neskuchnoye, cov artist yog nquag ua hauj lwm rau ua hauj lwm thiab portraits, thiab Boris tseem kawm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Communications thiab koom nyob rau hauv vaj tse. Lawv muaj plaub tug me nyuam-pogodok: thawj, ob tug tub, ob tug ntxhais ces. Thaum lub sij hawm cov xyoo, nws cov me nyuam yog mob siab rau ntau tej hauj lwm uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lub yeej ntawm cov niam thiab loj hlob mus txog cov me nyuam.

Nto moo painting "Thaum noj tshais," depicts ib tsev neeg tsiab peb caug nyob rau hauv lub tsev, qhov chaw uas nws nyob txoj kev hlub thiab kev zoo siab, depicts cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub rooj, puag ncig domestic trivia. Cov artist sau portraits, nws thiab nws tus txiv, sketches economic lub neej Neskuchnii thim ib lub zos neeg pluag nyob rau hauv lub tej hauj lwm "ntxuav hniav dawb canvas", "sau", thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov neeg hauv zos yog heev fond ntawm Serebryakov tsev neeg, fwm rau nws muaj peev xwm mus ua liaj ua teb thiab thiaj li zoo siab mus teeb rau ib daim duab artist.

Kiv puag ncig thiab kev tshaib kev nqhis

Lub revolutionary txheej xwm ntawm 1917 thiab tuaj mus rau Neskuchnyi, nqa cov hluav taws thiab kev puas tsuaj. Serebryakov homestead burnt "fighters ntawm lub kiv puag ncig," tab sis qhov artist nws tus kheej nrog cov me nyuam muaj kev tswj kom tawm tawm ntawm nws nrog rau kev pab los ntawm lub zos cov tswv teb, uas ceeb toom nws thiab txawm muab txoj kev mus rau ib tug ob peb sacks ntawm cov nplej thiab carrots. Serebryakovs tsiv mus rau Kharkov mus rau lub pog. Boris nyob rau hauv cov lub hlis nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws rau hauv txoj kev thawj nyob rau hauv Siberia, ces nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Tsis tau txais tej xov xwm los ntawm nws tus txiv, txhawj heev npaum li cas rau nws, Zinaida Serebryakov mus saib rau nws, tawm hauv cov me nyuam mus rau nws niam. Txawm li cas los, tom qab lawv rov sib ntsib nyob rau hauv txoj kev Boris tau cog lus typhus thiab tuag nyob rau hauv lub caj npab ntawm nws hlub tus poj niam. Zinaida nyob ib leeg nrog 4 cov me nyuam thiab cov neeg laus niam nyob rau hauv ib tug tshaib plab Kharkov. Nws ua hauj lwm part-time nyob rau archaeological tsev cia puav pheej, ua sketches ntawm prehistoric skulls thiab nyiaj yuav khoom noj rau cov me nyuam.

Hlub ua neej "Lub tsev ntawm phaib"

Painting "lub tsev ntawm phaib" Zinaida Serebryakova twb sau ib ob peb lub hlis tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv, Boris, qhov twg lub artist nyob ntawm txhais tes rau qhov ncauj nrog cov me nyuam thiab lawv cov leej niam nyob rau hauv Kharkov, thiab tau los ua tus tshaj plaws tragic cov nws tej hauj lwm. Tus heev title ntawm lub painting Serebryakov ntaus nqi raws li ib tug ua piv txwv qhia rau nws tus kheej lub neej.

Nws twb pleev xim rau nrog roj xim, uas twb qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm txij li thaum tag nrho cov nyiaj siv rau nws, los tuag tus tsev neeg los ntawm starvation. Lub neej tsaus muag zoo li ib lub tsev ntawm phaib. Thiab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub artist tsis muaj zeem muag nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim thiab koj tus kheej lub neej, lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub sij hawm yog - mus cawm thiab pub lawv cov me nyuam.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv Petrograd

Nyob rau hauv Kharkov, muaj tsis muaj nyiaj, tsis ua hauj lwm txiav txim rau painting li cov artist txiav txim siab tsiv mus nyob rau tsev neeg mus rau Petrograd, ze zog mus rau tsev neeg thiab cov kev cai lub neej. Nws raug caw mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Petrograd department puas xibfwb hauv lub Academy ntawm Fine Arts, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1920, tag nrho tsev neeg tau mus nyob hauv cov Petrograd. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm kev qhia ntawv, nws tsis kam mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws studio.

Serebryakov pleev xim rau portraits, views ntawm Tsarskoye selo thiab Gatchina. Txawm li cas los, nws cia siab rau ib tug zoo dua lub neej yog tsis muaj tseeb: nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb capital kuj tshaib plab, muaj txawm tias ib tug qos peels.

Tsis tshua muaj cov neeg muas zaub Zinaida pab los nyob noj thiab coj mus rau cov me nyuam, tus ntxhais Tania pib kawm choreography nyob rau Mariinsky Theatre. Lub tsev lawv lossi los hluas ballerina uas nyiag ua rau lub artist. Yog li ntawd ib tug series ntawm tus neeg dhia tes paintings thiab compositions tau tsim, uas qhia tau hais tias cov tub ntxhais sylphs thiab ballerina hnav mus rau mus rau theem nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si.

Nyob rau hauv 1924, nws pib lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm exhibition kev ua si. Ob peb paintings Zinaidy Serebryakovoy nyob rau exhibition ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab raug muag nyob rau hauv America. Tom qab tau txais tus nqi, nws txiav txim siab mus tawm rau ib tug thaum nyob rau hauv Paris, mus khwv tau nyiaj rau tus txij nkawm ntawm nws tsev neeg.

Paris. Nyob rau hauv exile

Tawm cov me nyuam nrog lawv pog nyob rau hauv Petrograd, Serebryakov tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj xyoo 1924, li cas los xij, lub tswv yim lub neej yog ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm nyob ntawm no: Ua ntej muaj peb tus kheej Rhiav, me me kev txiav txim, cov nyiaj tswj kom khwv tau me me heev, thiab cov uas nws xa rau Russia rau nws tsev neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub biography ntawm cov artist Zinaida Serebryakova lub neej nyob rau hauv Paris muaj pov thawj los ua ib tug raws point, tom qab uas nws twb tsis tau tau rov qab mus tsev, thiab nws ob tug me nyuam, nws pom xwb 36 xyoo tom qab ntawd, cia li ua ntej nws tuag.

Lub brightest lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv Fabkis - no los txog thaum nws tus ntxhais Kate, thiab ua ke lawv mus xyuas lub me zos ntawm Fabkis thiab Switzerland, ua sketches, ua hauj lwm, portraits ntawm lub zos cov tswv teb (1926).

Txawv tebchaws mus Morocco

Nyob rau hauv 1928, tom qab sau ib tug series ntawm portraits rau lub Belgian ua lag luam, nrog rau cov nyiaj Zinaida thiab Catherine Serebryakovs mus rau ib qho chaw twg rau Morocco. Ntaus los ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov sab hnub tuaj, Serebryakov ua ib tug series ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb thiab ua hauj lwm, Yog nqus sab hnub tuaj txoj kev thiab neeg hauv zos.

Rov qab nyob rau hauv Paris, nws npaj ib exhibition ntawm "Moroccan" ua hauj lwm, sau ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm siab xyuas, tab sis yuav tsis ua dab tsi. Tag nrho koj cov phooj ywg tau sau tseg nws impracticality thiab tsis muaj peev xwm mus muag lawv ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1932, Zinaida Serebryakova rov taug kev mus rau Morocco, ua nws dua sketches thiab ua hauj lwm. Thaum lub sij hawm cov xyoo, nws muaj peev xwm mus ua txhaum tus tub ntawm Alexander, uas kuj los ua ib tug neeg pleev kob. Nws yog koom nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo nkauj ua si, dai kom zoo nkauj interiors thiab manufactures kev cai lampshades.

Nws ob tug me nyuam, los txog rau hauv Paris, pab nws khwv tau nyiaj los ntawm kev koom pib nyob rau hauv ntau yam artistic thiab hniav tej hauj lwm.

Cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv Russia

Ob tug me nyuam ntawm cov artist Eugene thiab Tatiana, sab laug nyob rau hauv Russia nrog nws pog, twb txom nyem heev thiab tshaib plab. Lawv cov tsev apartment yog compacted, thiab lawv nyob tsuas yog ib chav tsev, uas yuav tsum tau muab rhuab ntawm nws tus kheej.

Nyob rau hauv 1933, nws niam E. N. Lansere tuag, tsis tau withstand kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab deprivation, cov me nyuam nyob rau lawv tus kheej. Lawv tau loj hlob tuaj thiab tau xaiv raws li muaj tswv yim professions: Jack los ua ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, thiab Tatiana - artist nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam. Zuj zus lawv muab lawv lub neej, pib cov tsev neeg, tab sis tau ntau xyoo ua npau suav mus ntsib nrog nws niam, lossi coj nws xov xwm.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1930 lub Soviet tsoom fwv caw nws rov qab mus tsev, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xyoo Serebryakov ua hauj lwm rau private nyiaj nyob rau hauv Belgium, thiab ces tus ob ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog. Tom qab tsov rog, nws los ua mob heev thiab tsis tau twv kom tawm mus.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1960, Tatyana yog tau tuaj mus rau Paris mus saib nws niam, 36 xyoo tom qab sib cais.

Serebrya qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv 1965, thaum lub sij hawm lub thaw nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union coj lub xwb lub neej tus kheej exhibition Zinaida Serebryakova nyob rau hauv Moscow, ces nws mus nyob rau hauv Kiev, thiab Leningrad. Artist thaum lub sij hawm yog 80 xyoo thiab tuaj vim hais tias nws yog tsis tau xeev kev kho mob, tab sis yog immensely zoo siab yuav tsum tau nco txog nws nyob rau hauv lub tsev.

Lub exhibition yog nyob nrog zoo zoo, lawv txhua leej txhua tus kuj zoo kawg thiab tsis nco qab lawm artist uas tau yeej ib txwm tau mob siab rau classical kos duab. Serebryakov tau muaj peev xwm, txawm tag nrho cov turbulent xyoo ntawm tus thawj ib nrab ntawm lub 20th c., Mus nrhiav tau koj tus kheej style. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe yeej impressionism, kos duab deco, paub daws teeb thiab lwm yam currents.

Nws cov me nyuam, uas nyob nrog nws nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nws tseem ncaj ncees mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej, txhais nws lub neej thiab pab nyiaj txiag. Lawv tsis tau coj lawv tsev neeg thiab nyob nrog nws kom txog thaum nws tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 82, tom qab uas lub koom haum, nws miv.

Z. Serebryakov faus nyob rau hauv 1967 nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas ntawm Saint Genevieve de Bois nyob rau hauv Paris.

Lub exhibition nyob rau hauv 2017

Zinaida Serebryakova exhibition nyob rau hauv lub Tretyakov Gallery - qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub xeem 30 xyoo (200 paintings thiab drawings), nplooj siab mus rau lub 50 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov artist tuag, sau los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis mus txog thaum kawg ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 2017

Previous retrospective ntawm nws ua hauj lwm twb muaj nyob rau hauv 1986, nws tau ces nqa tawm ib co tej yaam num, uas tsom nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab nyob rau hauv me me private miv.

Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub curators ntawm Fabkis foundation Fondation Serebriakoff sau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yuav ua rau ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog exhibition uas thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 2017 yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2 plag tsev ntawm lub Engineering Corps gallery.

Retrospective yog nyob rau chronology, tas cov tuav mus pom txawv tswv yim kab ntawm cov artist Zinaida Serebryakova, los ntawm thaum ntxov portraits thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg dhia tes dancers ntawm lub Mariinsky ua yeeb yam, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 20s. Tag nrho nws paintings yog xam qhovkev emotionality thiab lyricism, ib tug zoo kev txiav txim zoo ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib txoj kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov dluab ntawm nws cov me nyuam.

Nyob rau tom ntej no pem teb muaj hauj lwm tsim nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv exile, ntawm lawv:

• Belgian panels, kev cai-ua Baron de Brouwer (1937-1937), uas nyob rau ib lub sij hawm raug xam tias yog tuag thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog;
• Moroccan sketches thiab sketches, sau nyob rau hauv 1928 thiab 1932.;
• portraits ntawm Lavxias teb sab emigrants, uas tau sau nyob rau hauv Paris;
• ua hauj lwm thiab cov xwm cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Fabkis, Spain thiab lwm tus neeg.

afterword

Tag nrho cov me nyuam Zinaida Serebryakova txuas ntxiv tswv yim kev cai thiab ua nyuab thiab architects ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam lwm yam. Serebryakova tus ntxhais yau - Catherine nyob ib tug ntev lub neej, tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws niam, nws yog koom nrog nyob rau hauv exhibition kev ua ub no thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus Fondation Serebriakoff, tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog 101 xyoo nyob rau hauv Paris.

Zinaida Serebryakova twb mob siab rau tus sawv ntawm classical kos duab thiab tau pom nws tus kheej style ntawm painting, uas qhia qhov kev zoo siab thiab optimism, txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv txoj kev hlub thiab lub hwj chim ntawm creativity, capturing tus ntau yam zoo nkauj lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej thiab ib puag ncig.