Yuav ua li cas yog qhov teeb meem? Nws yog ib lub qauv ntawm txhua atom?

Teeb meem - yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb cov neeg. Nws yog ib lub hom phiaj kev muaj tiag, nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw thiab yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm tag nrho cov nyob thiab uas tsis yog-nyob ntsiab. Ob tug seemingly incompatible disciplines, xws li science thiab philosophy pom zoo nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib - qhov teeb meem ntawd ua ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub micro- thiab macrocosm. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov teeb meem uas nyob ib ncig peb thiab ntawm uas peb tau raug ua? Vim li cas nws noj xws khib nrhiav, ntau yam uas tsis tau txawm tshwm sim los rau peb? Wb sim kom to taub qhov no ib tug me ntsis.

Raws li tias lub sij hawm yog to taub tus poj txiv neej?

Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem yog hais tias, thiab yuav ua li cas nws yog li ntawd radically hloov nws cov ntaub ntawv, cov neeg pib mus xav hais tias txawm txij antiquity. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo muaj tsis muaj rub kom pom loj thiab telescopes, thiab txawm lub wisest philosophers yuav tsis kawm tej yam tib neeg hloov khoom nruab nrog los yog ib daim txiag ntoo, los ntawm uas xuas phom tua cia ib lub rooj zaum, mus rau lub atomic theem. Txawm li cas los, antique connoisseurs paub zoo hais tias xws li ib qhov chaw-lub sij hawm thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv nws. Nws yog lawv uas tau ua tus txhais lus hais tias tau mus txog peb hnub. Qhov teeb meem mas muab faib ua ob qhov chaw: tej yam uas sau qhov chaw, thiab cov txheej xwm - lub sij hawm. Vim rau qhov kev kawm ntawm lub xeem tag nrho cov khoom thiab nyob yam yuav hloov nws zoo lawm. Tus txiv neej yog yug, loj hlob laus thiab tuag, tsob ntoo crumbled, xeb hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th physicist thiab mathematician Leibniz txhais li qhov kev kawm teeb meem, uas txiav txim seb tus thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm. Tom qab ntawd nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Einstein tus lub hom phiaj ntawm Relativity.

Nrhiav ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob

Yog hais tias peb tig kev pab lom optics, ib co nrog lawv tus kheej ob lub qhov muag tau pom, hais tias teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm cov atoms. Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj piav qhia ntawm no lub sij hawm, uas muaj tsis muaj rebuttals thiab yuav tsum tau tsis muaj pov thawj ntxiv uas. Atoms raug xa mus rau raws li qhov tsawg tshaj plaws particle ntawm tag nrho cov uas nyob ib ncig peb, thiab peb tus kheej. Tus qauv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog zoo tib yam. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub atoms ntawm txhua lub caij ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb, seb methane huab nyob rau hauv cov cua ntawm Jupiter los yog aub siab, kho cov lus qhia txog lub zog ntawm cov cab kuj kwv. Atom muaj ib tug nucleus, uas yog ib txwm zoo them, thiab electrons. Thaum lub xov tooj ntawm protons thiab electrons coincides muab particle yuav tsis los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm hluav taws xob xwb. Yog hais tias lub equilibrium yog ntxhov, ces tus atom yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau ib tug ion uas muaj ib tug zoo los yog tsis zoo xwb.

Nyob rau hauv uas txhais rau hauv atoms?

Los ntawm cov pawg ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj atoms ntawm cov molecule yog tsim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws nyob rau hauv cia nruab nrab kuj muaj ib tug loj kev faib ua feem ntawm lub coupling neeg sawv cev. Tsaug rau nws, tus molecules muaj peev xwm ntawm txoj kev ua heev teeb meem uas peb hais lus. Tej tebchaw kis ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau atoms ntawm ib leeg thiab li ua ib tug inseparable substance. Cov feem nthuav tshaj plaws yog hais tias lub lwg me me muaj peev xwm yuav grouped chiv qhov sib txawv Cheebtsam. Cov feem ntau cov tawm piv txwv no yuav dej: nws muaj ib tug hydrogen thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam feem pua. Yog li ntawd, kom koj to taub dab tsi ua li qhov teeb meem, peb yuav tsum tau tsuas xyuas lub ntsiab ntawm lub periodic rooj thiab nrhiav tau lawv nyob rau hauv tej yam uas nyob ib ncig peb.

Yuav ua li cas peb pom nrog tus liab qab qhov muag?

Thawb ib sab qhov tsom iav raj, peb tau txais tej yam kev txawj ntse, peb pom tias teeb meem yog ua los ntawm teeb meem. Vim nws cov qauv, uas yuav suav hais tias los ntawm lub optics, nws yuav ua tau ib qho ntawm plaub lub xeev ntawm aggregation: gaseous, kua, khoom thiab ntshav. Thawj peb ntawm lawv, peb yuav tau yooj yim xav txog tej yam li cov piv txwv ntawm cov dej ib yam uas, ua ib cov kua, tej zaum nws yuav tig mus rau hauv cov dej khov los yog roj. Ib co ntawm cov lwm yam hais tej zaum yuav muaj xwb nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov plaub lub xeev. Delving rau hauv ancient philosophy, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis tau kos ib analogy nrog cov plaub hais. Cov sages tau cais ntawm lawv, cov dej, lub ntiaj teb, huab cua thiab hluav taws. Nws yog tseeb hais tias cov ntshav, uas tau raug nrhiav tau xwb tsis ntev los no, nws sau raws nkaus Ii cov nplaim taws.

Hais tias emits tej tshuaj?

Cov neeg uas tau raug qhia nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv physics, peb paub tias teeb meem yog ua los ntawm lub zog raws nraim tib yam li hais tias ntawm lub substance. Atoms lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov tsawg tshaj plaws, tsiv thiab colliding radiate teb nrog ib tug neeg frequencies. Lawv hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv electromagnetic thiab quantum gravitational teb raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw atoms. Vim qhov no sis thiab tawg yog qhov txhia chaw, thiab hais tias yog nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus, thiab cov dub qhov, tag nrho cov ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tag nrho ntawm lub zog. Txhua yam khoom muaj ib tug neeg teb, uas muaj kev zog. Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub zog peb yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis nco qab li perceive thiab cov txheej txheem.

lub downside

Peb luv luv tias, yog dab tsi nws muaj teeb meem dab tsi thiab Liaj teb nws yuav muaj. Tam sim no xav txog qhov no nam raws li tsaus ntuj nti teeb meem. Zaum ntseeg tau hais tias nws yog tsim los ntawm 85% ntawm tag nrho qab ntuj khwb. Tsaus teeb meem tsis emit tej liaj teb uas tsis muaj lawv tus kheej lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, tab sis nws los ntawm lub zog. Vim lub fact tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txhim kho tau cov electromagnetic vuag emanating los ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj nti teeb meem, peb yuav tsis txais nws thiab to taub cov xwm. Tej zaum, nws yog ib lub pub leejtwg ntawm creation ntawm lub ntug thiab tag nrho cov ntawm peb nyob rau hauv lub zais ib feem ntawm antiparticles.