Yuav ua li cas yog materialism? Materialist - uas yog qhov no?

Leej twg yog tus materialist? Ua ntej peb yuav nrog cov tswvyim no, koj yuav tsum muaj kev to taub ntawm lub ntsiab txhais ntawm materialism. Feem ntau, qhov no daim ntawv ntawm philosophical monism, uas hais tias tej yam khoom uas yog ib yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thiab hais tias tag nrho cov (xws li nco qab thiab psychic) yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub cev kev sib tshuam. Raws li, qhov materialist - ib tug supporter ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm materialism los yog nws cov successor.

Kev sib raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov philosophical outlook

Materialism yog zoo kev cob cog rua nrog physicalism. Qhov no philosophical kev taw qhia qhia txog ib tug ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov uas beings grounded nyob rau hauv physics thiab nws cov kev cai. Philosophical physicalism deb hloov zuj zuj los ntawm materialism vim hais tias nws dogma txuam nrog lub cev tshawb pom.

Materialism yog tas rau lub caij nyoog sciences, nyob rau hauv nws sib cav tsuas yog muaj tib qhov chaw-lub sij hawm, lub cev muaj zog, tsaus teeb meem, quab yuam thiab lwm yam generalized hypothetical yam. Yog li, lub zuag qhia tag nrho aim ntawm no tiam sis, peb yuav hais tias lawv yog zoo sib xws, tab sis tsis txhob siv cov lus no interchangeably.

Muaj ob lub ntsiab pawg ntawm philosophical currents

Materialist - ib tug follower ntawm lub philosophical ntiaj teb no, teej tug mus rau cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm monist ontology, uas nws tej hauv paus ntsiab ncauj idealism, dualism thiab pluralism. Peb yuav xyuam xim hais tias materialism - yog ib tug ua kom tiav inversion ntawm idealism. Materialists hais tias teeb meem yog thawj thiab nco ntsoov yog theem nrab. Thiab tag nrho cov idealists cam raws nraim cov lus rov.

Dua li ntawm qhov loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv uas yog kev xav thiab kev hloov maj mam nuances ntawm ob lub ntsiab pawg ntawm philosophy nws yog tseem materialism thiab idealism. Los ntawm cov pab pawg xeeb tag nrho lwm lub ntiaj teb hom uas fiab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntsiab tswv yim ntawm tog dogma.

Muaj kuj yog ib qho kev ywj philosophical kev tshawb xav - ib tug dualism: tus saib tseem ceeb thiab nco ntsoov tsim nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus sab nraud ntawm txhua lwm yam piv txwv.

Lub materialist philosophers

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, Karl Marx thiab Friedrich Engels tau txhab lub tswvyim ntawm materialism, tsim ib tug tshiab philosophical kev taw qhia "dialectical materialism" (40 xyoo). Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lub sij hawm. Qhov no lub npe yog thawj ua tswvcuab Iosif Ditsgen nyob rau hauv 1887.

Luv luv essence ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Marx thiab Engels yog hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - yog teeb meem, thiab nco ntsoov - nws vaj tse. Zog thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, raws li cov dialectical materialism, yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm sab ntsuj plig contradictions. Tsom cai "dialectical materialism" (abbreviated) yog - kev ncaj ncees thiab lub confrontation ntawm opposites, lub sublimation ntawm ntau rau qhov zoo hloov, txoj kev cai "negation ntawm negation."

Theoretical qhov chaw ntawm dialectical materialism yog suav tias yog yuav tsum tau critically kho lub idealistic dialectic ntawm Hegel thiab philosophical lus qhuab qhia ntawm materialism ntawm Feuerbach.

Nto moo Lavxias teb sab materialists - yog:

• Varfolomey Zaytsev (nyob 1842-1878) - ib tug zoo-paub txawj critic thiab nihilist 60s ntawm lub 19th caug xyoo.
• Nikolai Kareev (nyob 1850-1931) - sociologist, philosopher. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu rau nws ua hauj lwm: "Lub philosophy ntawm cov kev cai thiab kev sib raug zoo keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm", "qub thiab tshiab kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv nyiaj txiag materialism".
• Matvey Troitsky (nyob 1835-1899) - tus neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov cov empirical philosophy nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov tus tsim ntawm cov thawj "Moscow Psychological Society." Cov mas zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm, uas qhia txog cov kev qhia tswj ntawm materialism - yog "Essay readings rau metaphysics xibfwb Lotze."
• Dmitri Pisarev (nyob 1840-1868) - ib tug naas ej Revolutionary Democrat, essayist thiab txawj critic. Ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub "sixties".
• Nikolay Dobrolyubov (nyob 1836-1861) - ib tug revolutionary Democrat, kws sau paj lug thiab essayist. Ib tug follower ntawm materialism, empiricism thiab muaj kuab egoism. Nws sib cav hais tias tej ib priori lub hwj chim yog ib tug tswvyim hais ua dabneeg, thiab cov primacy ntawm lub ntug - yog teeb meem.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub accountant-materialist?

Muaj koj puas tau hnov ntawm xws li ib tug profession? Leej twg yog no? Qhov no Accountant Specialist siab txog kev tsim nyog theem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas accounting chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Qhov no ncej yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov neeg qhov chaw ntawm accounting ua hauj lwm, rau cov uas nws yog txuas, raws li ib tug lub luag hauj lwm tus neeg.

Lub npe ntawm no profession muaj dab tsi ua nrog lub tswv yim thiab tiam sis. "Accountant materialist" - qhov no yog cia li ib tug dav dav lub npe rau chaw ua hauj lwm accounting neeg ua hauj lwm uas nws txoj hauj lwm tej zaum yuav muaj xws li ntau yam, nyob ntawm seb lub Scope ntawm kev ua ub no ntawm cov enterprise.